Final Flashcards
why is news reported
because people want to know what is happening
how is news reported
the most important part is the outcome so that is where journalists start
inverted pyramid
no chronological order, tell info in the order of importance
- lead
- most newsworthy info 5w’s and H
- important details
- general info and details
lead
the oppening sentence of the paragraph of a news article summerizing the most important aspects of a story
2 big questions to ask in the planning phase
who is your audience and how are they getting their news
what should you know about your audience
how they get their news, what they are interested in and how much time will they spend.
diffrent types of stories
preview+ recap investigate speech+ event feature updates briefs
steps to reporting
most newsworthy 5w’s and H
important details
other general info
how longg should a lead be
1-2 sentences or 35 words
what paragraph should the 5 w’s be in
nut graph
what questions should you not ask
close ended or yees or no
double page spread
2 facing pages designed as one unit
pica
a printers unit of measurement used primarilly in type setting; one pica equals about 1//6 of an inch or 12 points
dominant photo
a photo that commands the readers attention on a spread by size or importance
type
printed letters or characters
headline
type set in larger point size, usually 14 points or higher and placed above the story to attract the readers attention and provide information about a stories
or spreads content
subhead
a small headline used to divide a copy or small headline or deck that appears below the main headline; also known as secondary headline
body copy
the text of the main story
caption
3-4 sentences that describe a photo-ABCD formula
photo credits
giving credit to the photographer. we italicize this information after the caption
internal margin
the amount of space between all elements on the spread; often one pica, it should be consistent throughout the spread
eyeline
horizontal line. actual or implied running across a spread above or below the exact center to create unity
folio
page number on a yearbooks spread; accompanying words or phrases identifying the content are called folio tabs
gutter, column gutter
the vertical space between the inside margins of facing pages
bleed
extension of images, graphics, or backgrounds beyond the trim marks on the edges of a page, leaving no white margin
white space
the absence of elements in an area on a spread
template
pages already set up in a desighn program either by walsworth or a staffs desighners to be modified and saved by designer’s without affecting the original template.
style guide
a set of established rules governing the production of the book so that desighn, fonts,colors, copy, theme, etc. will be consistent throughout the book
flag
the name of the paper set in special type
cutline
also called a caption; informatio about the photo
byline
the reporters name often followed by credentials
tagline
the contact information for the reporter, enables readers to provide feedback
dateline
gives the location of a story that occured outside the papers usual cover area
infographic
informaional graphic that displays key facts from the story in a visual way
photo credits
a line giving the photographers name. often adds he name of the paper that they wok for
centerpiece
also called the lead story; the top story for the day gets the biggest headline and is on page 1.
attribution
a phase that tells readers the source of a quote or the source information used in the story
teaser
desighned to grab the readers attention so they’ll buy the paper and read the story in a diffrent section of the paper
refer
this alerts the readers that thers another story on the same topic in another part of the newspaper
serif
a serif font has tiny strokes or serifs at the end of each letter
sans serif
a sans serif font has no stroke or serifs
prieviews and recaps
telling the audience what is coming or what just happened
invertigative stories
dig deeper into the why behind the what
speech and event stories
cover live events as that happen
briefs
very short, one paragraph can sum it all up
accuracy
when both sides may not be equal and you have to use your best judgment to accurately report both sides
objectivity
is being fair and not putting your opinion in news
balance
is making sure you have an equal number of facts and opinions from both sides.
editorializing
is putting your own opinions or beliefs in your work
3 things that news must be
informative, interesting, fair
timelessness
harder hitting stories and important developments in a story that would loose their newsworthiness if not reported as soon as possible
proximity
refers to the physical or emotional closeness of a news story to a media outlets audience and helps the readers to relate.
impact
refers to the shock or wow factor of a news story and generally requires a story to affect a large group in a large way.
conflict
refers to conflict or dispute between two parties. often encourages audience to pick a side therefore becoming more emotionally invested
prominence/ celebrity
if they are well-known then it is deemed newsworthy
oddity/novelty
things that are out of the ordinary
currency
when a particular story or theme is already being covered by media and further developments or side stories are likely to be appreciated
rule of thirds
places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open
fill the frame
fill your photograph with more of the subject
photographers angle/POV
where the photographer is standing, not a tilted photo. Birds eye view and worms eye view can be used
leading lines
features line shapes that draw the viewers eye to the intended subject
scale
the proportion of elements and how they relate to each other in terms of size distance etc
framing
uses elements of scene to create a frame within a frame
lighting
- can change the composition of a photo
- can direct the viewers eye to a certain aspect of the photo
- lighting is the dark and light areas of aphoto and the illumination of scenes
contrasting light and dark
- adds dimension to image
- lighting contrast is the difference between the lightest light and the darkest dark
patterns
repetition of color, lines, shapes, tones
texture
- visual quality of the surface of an object
- brings life to an image
what determines if something is news
- is it informative
- are the creators clearly identified
- does it rely on facts
- is it objective
- is it timely
what are the 4 parts of a caption
A-attention getter/lead in
B-basic info. explain what is happening in the photo in present tense. 5w’s and H
C- complementary info-second sentence is often past tence and gives background info about photo or situation. Gives interesting info
D- direct quote
Newspaper captions?
B and C. some online is just B
yearbook caption types.
identification-list names of individuals in photo summary- generally follow B guideline expanded- follow guidelined B and C Quote follow B, C, and D. Everyone has A
good color
use bright colors to draw attention and follow a theme
leading lines
lead into the image or into a key point in the image
fil the frame
you can get as close, zoom in, and focus on a subject. this helps to eliminate distracting backgrounds
objects
can tell a story. dont use random ones that dont have meaning. make objects more exciting by using creative composition
background
use creative BG that do not distract from the main focus.
what is the first and last question that you ask
- can i record
- correctly spell name and contact info
how should you prepare for an interview
prepare questions and do your research
what informatin do you always need to get from your source(school publication)
graduation year
audio
sound heard on tv
video
images scene on TV
sound bite
a recorded comment from a news source, usually audio and video
track
audio recording of a reporter narrating a story
b-roll
video images shot at a news scene that are latter used to illustrate a sound bite or reporters track that was recorded separately
stand up
a short of a reporter at a news scene talking into the camera, if it is live, it is called a live shot
package
prepared by reporter usually taped, featuring reporters track, one or more sound bites and often a stand up
anchor intro
the lead, read by the anchor, introduces the package.
bridge
a stand up that moves the story from one angle to another
toss
whats said as one anchor or reporter hands off to another
on cam
in-camera
vo voice-over
when the anchor speaks over the video
SOT sound-on tape
a recorded sound bite played during a story
Rundown
the order in which stories will apear during newscast
prompter
a device that procects news script in front of the camera lens for the anchor to read
talking head
a person being interviewed
reader
basic type. anchor reads newscript while looking at camera. often over the shoulder graphic identifies topic with an image or caption.
voice over to sound
seiges from a VO into soundbite- usually brief edited comment from newsmaker
package
complete story by reporter usually combining sound bites, voice-overs and stand-ups
NAT sound
natural sound, the sound that is recorded from the camera
SFX
sound effects, sounds other than music or voice overs
ws
wide shot. shows location of where you are filming
MS
medium shot. camera is physically moved or zoomed into about midsection of the person being filmed
cu
close up. camera physically moved or zoomed into a close shot of the persons face
ECU
extreme close up
-usually on eyes or mouth
OTS
over the shoulder. behind the head and shoulders of one of the subjects to show a conversation between two people
LS
Long shot. placed at a distance from focal point. often for depth
POV
Point of view. Takes the place of a persons eyes to make viewers feel as if they are experiencing the camera action
What goes on each side of a script
left- video descriptions, abreviations and special instructions, graphic formatting, can include how you want ppl to be positioned
right-audio script should be exact and have every word that you want to be included. music instructions, sound effects.
what is the first step to learning to write for broadcast
unlearn all the rules of writing that every enlish teache rhas taught you since the third grade. the symplistic writing of first and second grade is now your goal
basic rule of thumb for broadcasting
one subject per sentence one theme per story.
why keep broadcast simple
- your voice is there one second and gone the next.
-you can’t reread and break it down for them
you can’t back up the spoken word
2 reasons broadcast must be in a conversational tone
- veiwers/listeners must be able to follow what you are saying
- using lofty words or phrases, and sentence strucrtures just makes the veiwer work harder to comprehend and in doing so the veiwer risks loosing track of the continual stream of information.
four ways that broadcasting writing is similar to storytelling
- simple
- conversational, one on one tone
- structured (begining, middle, end)
- painted word pictures to stimulate imagination
active voice
a sentence is AV if the reciever(object) of the berbs action follows the verb. Subject-verb-object strucure almost garentees AV
advantages of active voice
- straight line meaning
- tighter copy fewer words
- complete reporting
- more interesting copy
what is the lead and its function
the opening of a story. it is ment to get the readers attention. it is the first thing in your story
what is the quote transition style of writing
it is a style of writing where you structure your article going lead, nut graph, quote transition, quote, transition, quote
what is nut graph and its purpose
second para in article and tells 5 w’s and H
things to remember about broadcast writing
- use a friendlier and more conversational tone
- short, simple, and easy to follow
- don’t structure in inverted pyramid
- use present tense as often as possible
- contractions are ecceptable
- attributions+quotes need diffrent treatment
- phonetic pronunciation
- use punctuation to hinder delivery
- avoid abbreviations and symbols
script
the written text of a stage placed screen play or broadcast specifically the ones used in the production or performance
storyboard
a panell of scenes or paners on which a set of sketches is arranged depicting consecutively the important changes of scene and action in a series of shots. a visual script or a plan of the camera shots that will tell the story.
