Final

Question 1

Plato

Answer 1

An Athenian poet whose nickname means broad shouldered

Authored The Republic

Follower of Socrates

Question 2

The Republic

Answer 2

Written by Plato about the musings of Socrates on justice

Seeks to define justice in overly complicated ways

Contains the theory of the forms

Metaphor or manifesto?

Question 3

Homer

Answer 3

May have been blind

Compiled and unified different stories

May have been a stage name

Authored The Iliad and The Odyssey

Question 4

The Iliad

Answer 4

Epic poem written by Homer

Starts in the middle of things

Chronicles 50 days of a 10 year war between the Greeks and Trojans

The Greeks wanted to bring back Helen, a Greek queen, back to the king

Question 5

The Odyssey

Answer 5

Epic poem written by Homer

Series of adventures usually marked by various changes of fortune

Odysseus was a minor character in The Iliad, but is the main character here

Is about:

Home

Hospitality

The Sufferings of Life (one man against the world)

Question 6

Thucydides

Answer 6

Grew up during the Peloponnesian War

Wrote The Peloponnesian War

Gathered info from both sides to see more accurately what happened

Question 7

The Peloponnesian War

Answer 7

Written by Thucydides

Takes a critical, unbiased view on the conflict

Broken up into 8 sections, the 8th being possibly unfinished

Question 8

Herodotus

Answer 8

Author of The Histories

Known as the father of history, as he pioneered the systematic investigation of historical events

Was a product of the unprecedented unification and enlightenment of polises that came about once the Persians were defeated

Question 9

The Histories

Answer 9

Written by Herodotus

Chronicles the war between Persia and Greece

Focuses on Croesus, Solon, and Cyrus

Most boring Great Work

Question 10

Sophocles

Answer 10

Known as the greatest dramatist

Wrote Oedipus Rex and Antigone

Easy going, peaceful, reserved, saw life steadily and whole

Credited with 123 plays, only 7 of which survive today

Question 11

Oedipus Rex

Answer 11

Greek Tragedy readapted by Sophocles

Oedipus prophetically kills his father and marries his mother

Is centered on human limitation, Athenian identity, the Divine, Fate and free will, and the fact that ignorance is bliss

Question 12

The Romans

Answer 12

Had 2 main foundation myths:

Romulus and Remus

The Aeneid

Saw themselves as divine conquerors, much like their perceived ancestor (the god of war) as well as a blood-guilty people because Romulus killed Remus

The Rape of the Sabeans also contributed to Roman identity

Welcomed all cultures, similar to the USA

Practical, aggressive, pragmatic

Anti-monarchists/anti-tyranny

Feared the Gallic tribes and resolved themselves to never be sacked again

Question 13

Cicero

Answer 13

Lived at the height of the Roman Republic around the time of Julius Caesar and before Octavian

Was an idealist who loved the Roman Republic

Boastful politician and lawyer; clever, quick, witty

Spoke out against Mark Anthony, a member of the Second Triumvirate, and was executed for it

Amazing orator

Author of On Duties/Obligations and The First Oration Against Catiline

Question 14

On Duties/Obligations

Answer 14

Written by Cicero

Letter to his son on how to live (wisdom, justice, courage, and moderation)

Very pragmatic

Impacted Luther and Calvin

Question 15

The First Oration Against Catiline

Answer 15

Speech given by Cicero

Tried to persuade the council that Catiline was orchestrating a coup, organizing assassination attempts and raising a secret army

Cicero was ultimately successful

Question 16

Julius Caesar

Answer 16

Bold, brilliant, and brutal

The product of two esteemed bloodlines

Formed the First Triumvirate

Took Gall for himself, despite it being a wild and dangerous place (this is why he wrote The Gallic Wars)

Assassinated by the entire senate in an effort to preserve the Republic

Question 17

The Gallic Wars

Answer 17

Written by Julius Caesar

Perfect, beautiful, standard Latin

Details his political and military campaign (this is when he became Caesar of Rome)

Question 18

Virgil

Answer 18

Greatest Roman poet

His poetry was oral rather than written

Witnessed the death of the Republic and the birth of the Empire

Was friends with Octavian, which may have tainted his writing

His epic poem was The Aeneid; he also wrote The Eclogues and The Georgics

Question 19

The Aeneid

Answer 19

Written by Virgil

Aeneas is a demigod from Troy

About wars, gods, and a man

Was one of Rome’s foundation myths that gathered a religious following even as late as the English civil war

Was left unfinished

Question 20

The Eclogues

Answer 20

Written by Virgil

Selections of poetry

Homeric pexometer is utilized to establish pastoral themes in the Fourth Eclogue

Appreciates simple, natural facts about life

Question 21

The Georgics

Answer 21

Dryden said it was the best poem by the best poet

About farming and nature

Split up into 4 sections:

Growing Crops

Trees

Herds

Bees (honey)

Question 22

Tacitus

Answer 22

Roman historian/Latin linguist

Wrote The Annals (Roman emperors)

Dark pessimist

First commentator on Christianity

Question 23

The Annals

Answer 23

Written by Tacitus

Chronicles the reigns of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero, painting very dark portraits

Question 24

Seneca

Answer 24

Tutor of Nero

One of the most famous stoics

Writer, thinker, philosopher

Involved in government

Caligula and Claudius hated him, but he flourished under Nero

Wrote Letters to Lucilius in his peaceful retirement

Was later executed by Nero out of suspicion

Question 25

Letters to Lucilius

Answer 25

Written by Seneca

Lucilius may or may not have been a real person

Promotes the stoic lifestyle

Question 26

Plutarch

Answer 26

First modern biographer

Authored The Lives

Question 27

The Lives/The Parallel Lives

Answer 27

Plutarch

Compares and contrasts different heroic lives (Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar)

Influenced many great men throughout history

Focuses on birth, youth, character, and achievements in that order

Combines fiction and non-fiction

Written to inspire