Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

piso 305 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first stress response of the body

A

sympathetic activation in 2-3 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the second stress response of the body

A

activation of adrenal medulla in 20-30 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which lasts longer epinephrine or norepinephrine

A

epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how long does the hpa axis take to activate

A

minutes hours or days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do gluccocorticoids do

A

breaking down proteins, fatty acids and glycogen, gluconeogenesis, vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do minerolocorticoids do

A

na/water retention to increase blood volume/pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the HPA axis produce

A

cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

does cortisol increase or decrease sympathetic activity

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens to sympathetic activity if you remove the adrenal gland

A

higher sympathetic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

does cortisol inhibit or activate the immune system

A

inhibit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the sympathetic nervous system is the ____ in the stress response

A

initiator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the adrenal medulla is the ____ in the stress response

A

reinforcement, releases epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The HPA axis ____ stress response

A

terminates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the symptoms of PTSD

A

avoidance, intrusive memories, cognitive and mood disorder, changes in physical and emotional reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are E/NE, CRH, and cortisol levels in PTSD

A

E/NE and CRH= elevated

cortisol= reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is wrong with the anterior pituitary gland in PTSD

A

anterior pituitary gland is hypersensitive which lowers the set point of cortisol level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is the SAM system overactivated in PTSD

A

CRH is hig and there is no inhibition by cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypocortisolism leads to a _____ immune system

A

hyperactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many pairs of cervical nerves

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many pairs of thoracic nerves

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many pairs of lumbar nerves

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many pairs of sacral nerves

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many pairs of coccygeal nerves

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the dorsal root neurons do

A

carry sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are the cell bodies of afferent neurons located

A

dorsal root ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do ventral roots do

A

carry information from CNS to muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what do autonomic ganglia contain

A

cell bodies of post ganglionic autonomic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is gray matter

A

unmyelinated nerve cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is white matter

A

myelinated axons

30
Q

Where do afferent somatic neurons connect with interneurons

A

dorsal horns

31
Q

what do ventral horns contain

A

cell bodies of motor neurons

32
Q

what do lateral horns contain

A

cell bodies of pre ganglionic autonomic neurons

33
Q

what connects the forebrain and cerebellum to the spinal cord

A

brain stem

34
Q

where does the midbrain connect to

A

forebrain

35
Q

what connects to the cerebellum

A

pons

36
Q

what connects to the spinal cord

A

medulla oblongata

37
Q

what are brainstem nuclei associated with

A

reticular formation

38
Q

what does the reticular formation control

A

wakefulness, sleep, muscle tone, pain modulation

39
Q

what are neuromodulators

A

special type of neurotransmitters that are not removed from synaptic cleft quickly and can influence more than one neuron for a sustained period of time

40
Q

what does the diencephalon consist of

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the pineal gland

41
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

relay information to the cortex and integration of sensory input

42
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus

A

control of homeostasis, hunger, thirst, endocrine and autonomic functions

43
Q

what is the cerebrum made of

A

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system

44
Q

what is the function of basal ganglia

A

control of movement

45
Q

what is the function of limbic system

A

link between cognitive function and emotions

46
Q

what do ependymal cells do

A

line cavities (glial cells cns)

47
Q

what do oligodendrocytes do

A

form myelin (cns)

48
Q

what do microglial cells do

A

phagocytes (cns)

49
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

where a conditioned stimulus is coupled with an unconditioned stimulus, animals respond to the conditioned stimulus

50
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

association of a behavior with a reward or escape of punishment

51
Q

what is nonassociative learnign

A

a change in behavior after repeated exposure to a single stimulus

52
Q

what is habituation

A

reduced response after repeated exposure to the same stimulus

53
Q

what is sensitization

A

enhanced response after repeated exposure to the same stimulus

54
Q

what is memory consolidation

A

process of converting a short term memory to a long term memory

55
Q

what is declarative/explicit memory

A

a memory that you can recall ex i went out on my birthday

56
Q

what is reflexive/implicit/procedural memory

A

autonomic skills like playing guitar or riding a bike

57
Q

what is anterograde amnesia

A

cannot form new explicit memory after surgery

58
Q

what is temporally graded retrograde amnesia

A

cannot remember things within 2 years before surgery

59
Q

are ionotropic glutamate receptors inhibitory or excitatory

A

excitatory

60
Q

are ionotropic GABA receptors inhibitory or excitatory

A

inhibitory

61
Q

when AMPA receptor is activated what happens

A

post synaptic nerve is depolarized and ap fires

62
Q

NMDA is different from AMPA how

A

NMDA is permeable to Ca and it is the coincidence detector

63
Q

what are the effects of Ca in post synaptic neurons

A

insertion of AMPA receptors and phosphorylation of AMPA receptors, synthesize NO

64
Q

What is the name of the salty receptor on the tongue

A

epithelial sodium channel ENaC

65
Q

What is the name of the sour receptor in the tongue

A

H+ activated TRPP3

66
Q

what do sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release onto which receptor

A

release acetylcholine onto nicotinic cholinergic receptors

67
Q

what do postganglionic sympathetic neurons release

A

norepinephrine onto adrenergic receptors

68
Q

what do postganglionic para sympathetic neurons release

A

Ach onto muscarinic cholinergic receptors

69
Q

What is a short reflex

A

outside cns, visceral sensory nerve —> postganglionic autonomic nerve

70
Q

what does an amygdala lesion cause

A

prevent HPA/ANS response to learned fear

71
Q

What do hippocampal lesions cause

A

prevent learned HPA responses to context fear

piso 305 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions