FINAL Flashcards
1
Q
What is health
A
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
the presence of wellness rather than the absence of sickness
2
Q
What is public health
A
- a collective effort to identify and address the unacceptable realities that result in preventable and avoidable health and quality of life outcomes
- the composite of efforts and activities that are carried our by people and organizations to these ends.
PREVENT>CURE ambulence in valley or fence on cliff
3
Q
What was the “big idea” from The Law of Present-Moment Living discussed on the first day of class?
A
*Don’t put your life and happiness on hold pending the resolution of some problem.
4
Q
Which of the following emphases are available in the Department of Public Health? Mark all that apply.
A
*Health Promotion
*Epidemiology
*Environmental and Occupational Health
Health science
5
Q
Social Ecological Model: Organizational
A
Gary finds the abundant bike parking and locker room facilities provided by his employer to be very convenient for cycling to work.
work, school, church
6
Q
Social Ecological Model: Community
A
Thanks to the Boulder City council, the Colorado transit authority, and regional cycling advocacy groups, 80% of Gary’s morning cycling commute is a dedicated bike path.
culture, values, environment, transportation, facilities
7
Q
Social Ecological Model: Interpersonal
A
Gary uses Strava, a mobile app for runners and cyclists, to record his rides and keep up with his biking friends.
family, friends, role models, events, social media
8
Q
Social Ecological Model: Individual
A
Gary is confident in his biking abilities and sets weekly distance goals.
self efficacy, education, etc.
9
Q
Social Ecological Model: Public Policy
A
In an effort to address climate change globally and traffic congestion locally, the U.S. government is subsidizing the purchase of new pedal-assist bicycles.
policies, guidelines, infrastructure, zoning.
10
Q
What type of reasoning supposes that one public health regulation aimed at limiting the threat of disease will lead to a host of other regulations limiting personal freedoms.
A
*The Slippery Slope fallacy
11
Q
Social Determinants of Health
A
The social, cultural, political, economic, commercial, and environmental factors that shape the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age.
12
Q
Confirmation Bias
A
Seeking only information to validate your views or opinions
13
Q
Which of the following best represents the Physical Activity Guidelines for American adults
A
*150-300 minutes of moderate physical activity together with resistance training/activities at least twice each week
14
Q
HIPAA ethics
A
To protect privacy and ensure the safe-guarding of medical records.
15
Q
IRB ethics
A
To protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects.
16
Q
ADA ethics
A
Prohibits discrimination based on disability and improves accessibility and accommodations for persons with disabilities.
17
Q
Lori Spruance
A
PH faculty; PhD from Tulane University; research interests include childhood obesity prevention, public health nutrition, school-based research, BS in school health and physical education from Utah State University
18
Q
John Beard
A
EH/OH faculty; PhD from the University of North Carolina; instructor for HLTH 322: Environmental Health; research interests include Utah’s temperature inversions; BS in statistics from BYU
19
Q
Michael Barnes
A
PH faculty: Associate Dean; PhD from Southern Illinois University; research interests include policy advocacy applications
20
Q
Chantel Sloan
A
EH/OH faculty; PhD from Dartmouth; teaches HLTH 315: Health Disease and Determinants; a respiratory health expert; BS in biology from BYU-Hawaii
21
Q
Robbie Chaney
A
PH faculty; PhD from the University of Cincinnati; teaches HLTH 330: Health Promotion; research interests include active transport in urban areas and urban bicycle safety; BS in microbiology from Washington State University
22
Q
According to chapter two of the Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics, which of the following is most closely correlated with prevalence of preventable ill health and mortality in society?
A
Social Conditions
23
Q
According to chapter two of the Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics, social justice is concerned with the distribution of what two things in society?
A
Benefits and burdens
24
Q
Which of the following is a foundational value and philosophy of public health?
A
no: Market justice
yes: Social justice
25
Social Justice
Everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities.
Everyone deserves equal access to the benefits and burdens of society
Argues that social determinants disallow someone from excelling purely on personal responsibility.
26
According to the article entitled “A Public Health Approach to Gun Violence” the key components of a public health approach include:
The article argues that Public Health’s biggest challenge in applying this approach to gun violence is…
1. Pinpointing the problem, 2. Identifying key risk and protective factors, 3. Testing possible solutions, and 4. Implementing proven programs.
A lack of data
27
Utah was praised in a Harvard Chan School of Public Health podcast for…
*Including suicide prevention information in concealed carry trainings.
28
According to the Harvard Chan School of Public Health podcast, public health should…
*Try to make it hard to be sick/injured and make it easy to be healthy/safe.
29
The public health approach:
1. Pinpointing the problem, 2. Identifying key risk and protective factors, 3. Testing possible solutions, and 4. Implementing proven programs.
30
Alexander Fleming
Quite accidentally identified the antibiotic properties of “mold juice” or penicillin
31
Edwin Chadwick
Early social reformer of water, sanitation, and hygiene regulations
32
Margaret Sanger
Advocate of women’s reproductive rights and author of Family Limitation
33
Ignaz Semmelweis
Postpartum sepsis
34
Clara Barton
Founder of the American Red Cross
35
John Snow
Cholera solver: Father of modern epidemiology
36
William Hinton
First Black professor at Harvard, studied syphilis which he termed a “disease of the underprivileged.”
37
Jose Celso Barbosa
First Puerto Rican physician in the US; advocated for employer-based health care.
38
Public Health Approach: Surveillance
What is the problem?
39
Public Health Approach: Risk Factor Identification
What is the cause of the problem?
40
Public Health Approach: Intervention Evaluation
What works?
41
Public Health Approach: Implementation
How do you do it?
42
Covid at it's deadliest months killed the same number of people per month as...?
The top chronic diseases
43
The core functions of public health:
Assurance
Assessment
Policy Development
44
Which of the following is NOT a part of the first essential service of public health – Monitor health to identify and solve community health problems?
Use of methods and technology to interpret and communicate data
Maintenance of population registries
Accurate, periodic assessment of a community’s health status
*Constituency development
45
The Utah County Health Department teamed with the Utah County Sheriff’s Office, Intermountain Health Care, faculty from the Department of Public Health at BYU, and the Mayor of Orem work together to prevent opioid addiction among residents of Orem. This is an example of:
*Mobilizing community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
46
Which of the following essential public health services are organized under the policy development function of public health? (mark all that apply)
*Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
*Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
*Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
47
10 Essential public Health Services
Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems
Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable
Assure competent public and personal health care workforce
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
48
What type of research gathers data in a numerical form which can be put into categories, or in rank order, or measured in units to be displayed in tables and graphs?
*Quantitative
49
Research articles typically include the following sections in the following order:
*Introduction, Methods, Results, Conclusion
50
Which of the following subheadings are likely to be found in the Methods section of a research article? (mark all that apply)
*Participants
*Sample/Sampling
Limitations
Purpose Statements/Research Question
*Study Design
Study Hypothesis
*Instrumentation
51
According to a critique of success sequencing, which of the following are true? (mark all that apply)
* Children living with never married mothers are 143% more likely to be poor than those living with married parents.
* Only 9% of young men and young women from lower-income families who follow the sequence are poor in their late twenties and early thirties compared to 31% who do not follow this sequence.
* If millennial youth follow the success sequence, they risk only a 3% chance of living in poverty as adults.
* If millennial youth do not follow the success sequence, they risk a 53% chance of living in poverty as adults.
52
Which of the following accurately describe Medicaid? (mark all that apply)
*Funding for medical and health-related services for low-income individuals
53
Government levels and responsibilities in PH
Federal: Funding
State: Safeguarding relations, regulation, and policy development
County/Local: Implementing Policy
54
PH government: HHS (United States Department of Health and Human Services)
11 operating divisions
55
PH government: CDC
Atlanta, GA
56
PH government: NIH
Bethesda, Maryland
57
PH government: Surgeon General
Vivek Murthy
58
PH government: HHS Secretary
Xavier Becerra
59
PH government: USAID
Civilian foreign aid and development assistance
60
According to Chapter 6 of The Health Gap and lecture, poor health is a product of _____ and ______.
*lack of education, unemployment
61
Which of the following conform to APA format? (Mark all that apply)
*In other words, educators are often a fairly homogeneous group when evaluated according to intellectual prowess, a situation which works to thwart any real significant statistical comparisons (Schalock, 1979).
As Schalock notes, “teachers tend to be a rather homogeneous group in regard to intellectual ability, a situation which largely prevents statistical significant correlations from arising” (Schalock, 1979).
*As Schalock notes, “teachers tend to be a rather homogeneous group in regard to intellectual ability, a situation which largely prevents statistical significant correlations from arising” (Schalock, 1979, p. 12).
In other words, teachers tend to be a rather homogeneous group in regard to intellectual ability, a situation which largely prevents statistical significant correlations from arising.22
62
When working in APA format, when must you use quotation marks followed by a full citation (i.e., author, date, page number)? (Mark all that apply)
*When you are borrowing four or more words in a row.
63
Which of the following were included in the “Toxic Cocktail” leading work to be disempowering?
* High effort (demanding)
| * Imbalance between effort and reward
64
What was the name of the CDC-led program to prepare the world for the next viral pandemic?
*Predict
65
Which of the following was mentioned in lecture as part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s “New Deal” for addressing unemployment and poverty?
*CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
66
Pandemic
Spread of disease across several countries or continents
67
Endemic
Baseline levels of disease in a community
68
Epidemic
Sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a region
69
Mortality
Number of deaths caused by a disease in a population
70
Morbidity
Being symptomatic or sick with a disease
71
Incidence
New cases of a disease in a population over a particular time period
72
Which of the following are challenges faced by non-profits discussed in class? (Mark all that apply)
```
*Establishing legitimacy and trust
Monitoring and evaluating market trends
*Marketing and community engagement
*Reliable, skilled, and passionate staff/volunteers
Short-term funding
```
73
Which non-profit discussed in class is currently working on preventing stunting among children in Indonesia and Tanzania?
*IMA World Health
74
Non-profits have a responsibility of focusing on being professional, financially responsible, and replacing self-interest and ________ with _________.
*profit motive, mission motive
75
Which of the following programs for the elderly is needs-based welfare funded by general tax revenue?
*Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
76
When should you cite a source when using AMA format? (Mark all that apply)
* When using a direct quotation, even if it is in quotation marks
* When presenting facts that are not common knowledge
* When paraphrasing or rewriting the author’s ideas
* When mentioning the author’s name in your text
77
Which of the following conforms to AMA format?
*As reported previously,1,3-8,19( in tiny arabic subscript)
78
Which of the following conform to AMA format? (Mark all that apply)
* 1. Ranier S, Thomas D, Tokarz D, et al. Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene mutations cause paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis. Arch NeuroI. 2004;61(7):1025-1029
1. Ranier S, Thomas D, Tokarz D, et al. Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene mutations cause paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis Archives of Neurology. 2004;61(7):1025-1029
1. Ranier S, Thomas D, Tokarz D, et al. Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene mutations cause paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis Arch NeuroI. 2004;61(7):1025-1029
1. Ranier S, Thomas D, Tokarz D, et al. (2004). Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene mutations cause paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis. Arch NeuroI. 61(7):1025-1029
79
What conditions lead the Netherlands to turn from car-centric policies to those supportive of active transport?
*Frustration with the space needed for motorized vehicles, the high number of child fatalities, and the 1970’s oil crisis.
80
What did Kennedy Odede do to overcome the biggest challenge in providing affordable clean water in Kibera?
*He recruited a member of the water cartel to come and join his NGO.
81
Who said “If enough of us and enough of our neighbors strive to make our decisions and guide our lives by the truth of God, the moral virtues needed in every society will abound.”
Elder Todd D. Christofferson
82
An approach based on the observation that in any community there are people whose uncommon but successful behaviors or strategies enable them to find better solutions to a problem than their peers.
Positive Deviance
83
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) comparing healthcare expenses between the US and select countries in Western Europe and Scandinavia concluded that…
*The US should make efforts to reduce prices and administrative costs.
84
The Health Impact Pyramid highlights the increased population health benefit of…
*Socioeconomic factors
85
Level of Care: Primary
A visit with your family doctor to check on a new mole.
86
Level of Care: Secondary
Visit to a dermatologist to have a mole removed.
87
Level of Care: Tertiary
Undergoing chemotherapy for melanoma in the oncology ward.
88
Level of Care: Population based PH service
Messages about sun exposure and the associated risk of skin cancer.
89
According to The Health Gap, the key to living in society is _______and _______.
*empathy, connectedness
90
Which of the following were presented in class as “Shifts in Health Education?” (Mark all that apply)
* A focus on theoretical underpinnings of behavior change (i.e., social norms, self-efficacy)
* A focus on developing skills (i.e., communication, goal-setting, decision-making, advocacy)
91
Which of the following are included in the Six Major Functions of Public Health? (Mark all that apply)
*preventing epidemics and the spread of disease
*protecting against environmental hazards
*responding to disasters and assisting communities in recovery
*ensuring the quality and accessibility of education
*Promotes and encourages health behaviors and injury prevention
????????
92
Which of the following was not mentioned in class as a benefit for using infographics?
Can make the complex simple
Great for those with a short attention span
Easily facilitated by social media
Can present information, data, and knowledge quickly and clearly
93
Health definition
"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
94
Public Health Definition
A collective effort to identify and address the unacceptable realities that result in preventable and avoidable health and quality of life outcomes.
The composite of efforts and activities that are carried out by people and organizations to these ends.
95
Josh West
Department Chair
Ph.D., University of California, San Diego, 2008
M.P.H., Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 2005
B.A., Psychology, Utah State University, 2003
Teaching:
HLTH 335: Health Behavior Change
Research:
Technology and health behavior change
96
Carl Hanson
Previous Department Chair
Ph.D., Community Health Education, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 1994
M.S., Health Science, Brigham Young University, 1991
B.S., Psychology, Brigham Young University, 1990
Teaching:
HLTH 439: Program Planning
Research:
Computational Health Science, Family Health, Mental Health, Adolescent Health
97
Erik Nelson
Ph.D., University of Minnesota, 2014
M.P.H., University of Minnesota, 2010
B.S., Brigham Young University, 2008
98
Cougar Hall
PhD, University of Utah, 2008
MS, University of Utah, 2003 BS, Brigham Young University
Teaching:
HLTH 210: Foundations of Public Health
HLTH 381,382: Methods and Curriculum
HLTH 383: Mind/Body Health
Research Interests:
social norm approaches in school health education, student-teacher quality indicators, media literacy in school health education
99
Ben Crookston
PhD, Public Health, University of Utah, 2009
MPH, Public Health, Brigham Young University, 2006
BS, Zoology, Brigham Young University, 2003
Teaching:
HLTH 480: International Health
HLTH 434: Evaluation Methods
Research:
Maternal and Child Health
100
Alisha Redelfs
DrPH, Leadership & Quantitative Analysis, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,, 2013
MPH, , Brigham Young University, 2010
BS, Biology, Chemistry, Rocky Mountain College, 2003
AS, Biology, Snow College, 2001
Teaching:
HLTH 431: Health Communication and Advocacy
Research:
Data visualization, behavioral theory, LatinX health disparities, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, as well as the prevention and treatment of obesity
101
Ali Crandall
MPH Director
PhD, Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 2014
MPH, International Health, Loma Linda University, 2003
BS, Community Health Education, Brigham Young University, 2000
Courses:
HLTH 312: Intro to Planning, Interventions, Evaluation
HLTH 439: Adv Program Planning
Research:
Family Health, Executive Functioning, Adolescent/Child Well-Being, Mental Health
102
Brianna Magnusson
PhD: Epidemiology; Virginia Commonwealth University
MPH: Virginia Commonwealth University
BS: Community Health Education; BYU
103
Ray Merril
MPH: Quantitative Methods; Harvard University
PhD: Applied Statistics;
Arizona State University
MS: Managerial Economics;
BYU
BS: Political Science/English;
BYU
104
Jim Johnston
EH/OH PhD: Health Promotion and Education; University of Utah
MSPH: Public Health; University of Utah
BS: Microbiology; Weber State University
105
Steve Thygerson
PhD: Environmental Health; Colorado State University
MSPH: Industrial Hygiene; University of Utah
BS: Zoology; BYU
106
Jeff Glenn
HS: DrPH, Emphasis in Health Policy and Systems, Harvard University, 2018
MPA, Emphasis in Local Government, University of Southern California, 2010
BA, International Relations , Brigham Young University, 2008
Teaching:
HLTH 316: Health Systems and Policy
Research:
Systems Thinking for Public health, Health Systems Strengthening, Health Financing, Program Sustainability, Health Policy Change, Global Health
107
Evan Thacker
HS:
PhD: Epidemiology; University of Washington School of Public Health
MS: Epidemiology; Harvard School of Public Health
BS: Neuroscience; BYU
108
Len Novilla
HS: MPH, University of Utah, 1999
M.D., University of the City of Manila, 1990
B.S. Public Health, University of the Philippines, Institute of Public Health, 1986
Teaching:
HLTH 423: Public Health & Primary Care
Research:
Health Policy & the Social Determinants of Health, Maternal, Child, & Family Health
109
Randy Page
HS: Global Health Internship Coordinator
PhD: Health Education; Southern Illinois University
MHE: Community Health Education; BYU
BS: Community Health Education; BYU
110
PH advisors
Stephanie Lutz
Beth Liechty
Carol Stepan
111
Behavior Change Theories in PH
Health Belief Model
Theory of Planned Behavior
Social Cognitive Theory
Social Ecological Model
112
PH ethics quote
“Understanding the needs and interests of different groups within a larger population, as well as historical and contemporary patterns of injustice that create health inequities within a population, is critical to advancing the overarching mission of public health to “assure the conditions in which people can be healthy”
113
Health Disparities
Defined as “population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to health care” (Health Resources and Service Administration[HRSA])
If a health outcome is seen in a greater or lesser extent between populations, there is disparity
health differences between groups that are avoidable or preventable
114
Race vs, ethnicity
Race: physical appearance similarities
Ethnicity: cultural and ancestral origin similarities
115
Health professional shortages is a cause of health disparities
true
116
PH ethics
individual rights vs. civic responsibility
117
PH 12 ethics
1. build the public’s trust by including them in decisions and planning
2. ensure the professional competence of their employees.
3. protect the confidentiality of information that can bring harm if made public
4. enhance the physical and social environment
5. use a variety of approaches that anticipate and respect diverse community
6. act in a timely manner on the information they have
7. provide communities with the information that is needed for decisions on policies
8. seek the information needed to implement effective policies
9. empowerment of disenfranchised community members, ensure health is accessible to all.
10. ensure an opportunity for input from community members.
11. respect the rights of individuals in the community.
12. aim prevent adverse health outcomes
118
Health Gap Quote
Health inequalities that can be avoided are unjust”
119
Social justice a foundational principle in PH
the view that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and opportunities. Everyone deserves equal access to both the benefits and the burdens of society.
An abstract concept that aims to determine how each member of society is allocated his or her fair share of collective burdens and benefits.
Social justice depends on four essential goals: human rights, access, participation, and equity. Social justice can’t be achieved without these four principles.
120
Market Justice vs. social justice
Pull up boot straps: individual rights high collective responsibility low vs. handouts to gain equality: individual rights low collective responsibility high
121
MJ vs SJ argument
Social justice argues that significant factors (other than personal responsibility and individual decision making) within society can impede the fair distribution of benefits and burdens.
Disparities among race, class, age, and sex are typically central to the argument.
Social justice maintains that everyone deserves equal rights and opportunities —this includes the right (a moral or legal entitlement) to good health
122
Conscientiousness
is a fundamental personality trait that reflects the tendency to be responsible, organized, hard-working, goal-directed, and to adhere to norms and rules. ...
