Final

Question 1

What is Qualitative Nursing Research ?

Answer 1

-Poses questions about nursing phenomena that can’t be quantified and measured

Question 2

What 4 things are evolved in Evidenced-Informed Clinical Decision Making?

Answer 2

1. )Clinical Expertise
2. )Information about patient preferences and values
3. )Evidence from assessment of patients’ history and physical and available health care resources
4. )Evidence from research, evidence-informed theories, clinical experts, and opinion leaders

Question 3

What are the 5 main domains of nursing practice?

Answer 3

1. )Clinical Care
   - Bedside nursing, direct client care
2. )Administration
   - President of hospitals, being a manager
3. )Education
   - Teaching
4. )Policy
   - Nurses creating policy in politics
5. )Research
   - working conducting research

Question 4

What are the two components in critical thinking?

Answer 4

1.) Specific Knowledge Base
-Nurses must possess a sound knowledge base to think critically, formulate accurate clinical judgements and decisions, and improve clinical practice
-The breadth and depth of our knowledge influences our ability to intergrade and apply different kinds of knowledge and to think critically about nursing problems in a range of practice settings
-Building a sound knowledge base demands that you develop information literacy skills- which includes proficiency in knowing when information is needed and how to effectively find, retrieve, evaluate and apply research findings
Critical thinking dispositions, such as truth-seeking, being systematic, analytical, open-minded, and inquisitive, will allow you to become an informed consumer of information found in print, through social media, and on the internet

2. ) Experience
   - In clinical situations, you learn from observing, sensing, talking with patients and families, and reflecting activity on your experience
   - Clinical experience is the laboratory for evaluating nursing knowledge
   - With experience, you begin got understand clinical situations, recognize cues of patients’ health patterns, and interpret cues as relevant or irrelevant
   - You also learn to seek new knowledge as needed, act quickly when events change and make quality decisions that promote the patients’ health and well-being

Question 5

What is one major tool used in risk management? What does it require?

Answer 5

Incident reports, requires LOTS of documentation

Question 6

How is Emancipatory defined?

Answer 6

is defined as the human ability to recognize social and political problems of injustice or inequality, to realize that things could be different, and piece together complex elements of experience and context to change a situation

Question 7

What is Quantitive Nursing Research? What is its goal?

Answer 7

Is the investigation of nursing phenomena that can be precisely measured and quantified
Ex.) Pain severity, rates of wound healing, and body temperature changes

-The goal is to test theory and use numerical data, statistical analysis and controls the eliminate bias

Question 8

Fiduciary Relashionship

Answer 8

Is on in which a professional provides services that, by their nature cause the recipients to trust specialized knowledge and integrity of the professional

Question 9

3 things that shape Relational Inquireing Well-being?

Answer 9

1. ) Patient family wellbeing
2. )System well being
3. ) Nurse wellbeing

Question 10

What is an intentional tort? What are the 4 intentional Torts?

Answer 10

-Willful acts that violate another persons rights

1. ) Assault
2. ) Battery
3. ) False imprsionment
4. ) Invasion of privacy

Question 11

What are the 5 levels of care?

Answer 11

1.) Health promotion
Focuses on wellness and enabling people
-Enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
-Wellness Services
-Promotion of self-esteem in children and adolescents
-Advocacy for health public policy

2. ) Disease and Injury Prevention
   - Reduce risk factors for disease and injury
3. ) Diagnosis and Disease
   - Recognizing and management of health issues
4. ) Rehabilitation
   - Improving the health and quality of life of those facing life-altering conditions
   - Required after physical/mental illness, injury, or addiction

5.) Supportive care
For patients with chronic illness, progressive illness, or disability
-Long-term care and assisted-living facilities, adult daycare centres, home care
-Also includes respite (break care) care and palliative care

Question 12

What does critical thinking require?

Answer 12

Requires purposeful and reflective reasoning to examine ideas, assumptions and beliefs, principles, conclusions, and actions within the context of the situation

Question 13

What is social justice? What does It focus on?

Answer 13

Social justice is the fair distribution of resources

• Focuses on the position of one social group in relation to others in society
• Root causes of disparity and what can be done to eliminate them
• Taking action- Means reducing system wide differences that disadvantage certain groups and prevent equal access to determinants of health and health care services

Question 14

Unintentional tort? Nurses can be liable for them in 1 of 4 ways?

Answer 14

Negligence

1. ) Nurse owed duty of care to the patient
2. ) The nurse did not carry out that duty
3. ) The patient was injured
4. ) The nurse failed to cary out the duty and caused harm

Question 15

-What is Emancipatory knowing?

Answer 15

-The human ability to recognize social and political problems of injustice or inequity, to realize that things could be different, and to piece together complex elements of experience and context to change a situation

Question 16

What are the 5 ethical issues in nursing research?

Answer 16

1. )Respect for human dignity-All research must be conducted in a manner that is sensitive to the inherent worth of humans beings
2. )Respect for persons-Includes obligations to respect the autonomy of human research subjects and at the same time to protect those with developing, impaired, or diminished autonomy
3. ) Concern for welfare-Reaesrchers and ethics review boards should aim to protect the welfare of participants and, when possible, promote their welfare
4. )Respect for privacy and confidentiality-Standards of privacy and confidentiality protect the access, control, and dissemination of personal information and thus help protect mental or psychological integrity. These standards are not consonant with values underlying privacy, confidentiality, and autonomy.
5. ) Justice-Reflects the importance of treating people fairly and equitably, this treatment includes ensuring that research participants are not unduly burdened by research or denied access to the benefits of research

Question 17

What is clinical judgement? What is its four main components?

Answer 17

Requires that you recognize the silent aspects of a clinical situation, interpret their meanings, and respond appropriately

• 4 main components
  1. ) Noticing or grasping the situation
  2. ) Interpreting or developing a sufficient understanding of the situation to respond
  3. ) Responding or deciding on a course of action
  4. ) Reflecting on or reviewing the actions taken and their outcomes

Question 18

To whom does Medicare in Canada provide health care?

Answer 18

Permanent residents, new immigrants, and citizens of the country

Question 19

3 Major factors of relation orientation?

Answer 19

1. ) Interpersonal Relationship
   - Draws attention to what is going on among and between people and how they are reacting to situations/in the situation
2. ) Intrapersonal
   - Focuses on what might be going on within an individual patient you are caring for, what’s going on with you and others in the situation
3. ) Contextual
   - Draws attention/considers what is going on around the people and situation-The forced and structures that are influencing the situation and shape the interpersonal, intrapersonal and contextual relationships

Question 20

What are the 3 way in which a praxis is seen as?

Answer 20

1. ) A blend of the art and science of nursing
2. ) Engaging with knowledge in a reflexive manner that leads to emancipation and action
3. ) Reflexive manner” means using reflection to promote change

Question 21

What is post colonial theory?

Answer 21

theoretical and empirical work that centralizes the issues stemming from colonel relations and their aftermath, it concern extends to the experiences of people descended from the inhabitants of those territories and their experiences within “first world” colonial powers

Question 22

What is relational Inquiry?

Answer 22

-Practice of focusing attention dn acting in a conscious and intentional manner

Question 23

What is Risk Management? What its 4 steps?

Answer 23

-Is a system of ensuring appropriate nursing care identifying potential hazards and preventing harm from occurring

1. ) Identify possible risks
2. ) Analyze said risks
3. ) Act to reduce them (risks
4. ) Evaluating steps taken (to avoid risks)

Question 24

What is critical thinking?

Answer 24

Complex Phenomenon that can be defined as a process and a set of skills. Critical thinking emphasizes the use of knowledge and reasoning to make accurate clinical judgements and decisions. Nurses consider what is important in a situation, explore alternative solutions, consider ethical principles, and then make informed decisions on how to proceed

Question 25

What is Relational Orientation?

Answer 25

Is a way of thinking and focusing attention, attention is focused on what’s going on at the intrapersonal, interpersonal and contextual levels of health care situations

Question 26

3 Factors needed for Vaild Consent?

Answer 26

1. )Patient must have legal and mental capacity to make treatment decision
2. ) Consent must be given voluntary without concern
3. ) Patient must understand risks and benefits of procedure or treatment

Question 27

What are the 3 steps in a praxis that lead to emancipatory knowing?

Answer 27

Step 1.) Praxis: using what we know while we work
Step 2.) In that praxis, we come up with action
Step 3.) We take action (use emancipatory knowing) and help make things better

Question 28

2 Key components of relation Inquiry?

Answer 28

1. ) Relational Orientation
   - The interpersonal, intrapersonal and contextual relationships in situations
2. ) Inquiring Action
   - Inquiring into the relational experiences of people, culture, knowledge, meaningful purposes

Question 29

What is evidence informed knowledge?

Answer 29

(knowledge based on research or clinical expertise) makes you an informed critical thinker and improves your patient outcomes

Question 30

4 things required for informed consent?

Answer 30

1. ) Brief explanation of procedure+treatment
2. ) Name and qualifications of people preforming +assisting procedure
3. ) Description of possible harm
4. ) Explination of therapeutic alternative to the proposed procedure and treatment and the risks of doing nothing

Question 31

What are the 3 levels of critical thinking in nursing?

Answer 31

1. )Basic Critical Thinking
   - Thinking is concrete and based on a set of rules or principles
   - At this level, answers to complex problems are seen as either right or wrong
   - You may believe that one right answer exists for each problem
2. ) Complex Critical Thinking
   - You begin to separate your thinking process from those of expert others and to analyze and examine choices more independently
   - Our thinking abilities and initiative to look beyond expert opinion begin to change as we realize that alternative, and perhaps conflicting solutions to a problem or issue exists
3. )Commitment
   - You anticipate the need to make choices without assistance from other professionals, and then you assume responsibility and accountability for those choices
   - You choose an action or belief on the basis of the viability of the alternative solutions available, and you STAND BY YOUR CHOICE
   - Because you take responsibility for the decisions you evaluate the results of the decision and determine whether it was appropriate or if a different approach is required

Question 32

3 ways in which we engage as a relational Inquirer?

Answer 32

1. ) Relating with curiosity
2. ) Relating to Complexity and Uncertainty
3. ) Relating to vulnerability

Question 33

What is a praxis?

Answer 33

Praxis is a synthesis of thoughtful reflection, caring and action within the theory and research-driven practice

Question 34

Evidence Informed Decision making refers to?

Answer 34

Evidence-informed decision making refers to the use of evidence from research using a variety of methodologies within a framework of clinical judgement

Question 35

What is transferability?

Answer 35

-Refers to the extent to which the findings of the qualitative study are thought to be meaningful and applicable to similar cases or other situations

Question 36

What is the Mixed methods research model?

Answer 36

• uses both Qualitative and Quantitative research methods
• The choice of Qualitative vs Quantitative should not be based on personal preference but rather guided by the research question

Question 37

What is advocacy?

Answer 37

Involves engaging others, exercising your voice and mobilizing evidence to influence policy and practice. It means speaking out against inequality and inequity. It entails participating directly and indirectly in political processes and acknowledging the importance of evidence, powers and politics in advancing policy options.

Question 38

What is the clinical decision making process?

Answer 38

involves Critical thinking requires not only cognitive skills like interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation.

Question 39

What are the 5 Steps for Successful Evidence-Informed Practice?

Answer 39

1. )Ask questions that clearly present the clinical problem
2. )Identify and gather the most relevant and best evidence
3. )Critically appraise the evidence
4. )Integrate all evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences, and patients’ values to make a practice decision or change
5. )Evaluate the outcome of the practice decision or change

Question 40

PICOT

Answer 40

P-patient population age intrest-Age, gender, ethnicity
I-Intervention of Interest- What is the best intervention (treatment/test)
C-comparison of interest- What is the usual standard of care or current intervention being used
O-outcome-desired outcome?
T-time-What is the time frame in which you think change will occur?