FINAL Flashcards

Question

mixed incontinence

Answer 1

several types of urinary incontinence that causes involuntary leakage associated w/ urgency and also w/ exertion, effort, sneezing or coughing

Answer 2

organism reaches prostate via urethra or bloodstream

Answer 3

occurs following viral illness or decrease in sexual activity

Answer 4

abdominal and bladder incisions made to remove prostate tissue

Answer 5

low abdominal incision made without opening bladder - -> Avoids bladder incision - less bleeding, drainage and bladder spasms

Answer 6

incision b/w scrotum and anus made to access prostate  Most common side effects = higher incidence of impotence, infection, rectal damage  Lower risk for bleeding

Answer 7

*** Frequently diagnosed incidentally when being evaluated for HTN o Poor urine-concentrating ability o Pyuria – pus in urine o Proteinuria – excess protein in urine o Azotemia – nitrogen or urea in urine o Anemia – damaged kidneys not secreting enough erythropoietin to produce RBC o Acidosis

Answer 8

o Monitor VS (esp. BP), strict I&O & weight o Encourage fluids up to 3L/day o Encourage adequate rest o Instruct on high-calorie, low-protein diet (d/t sx of proteinuria) o Warm moist compresses to flank area o Encourage taking warm baths o Antibiotics, analgesics, antipyretics, urinary antiseptics & antiemetics as rx o Monitor for s/sx of renal failure

Answer 9

o Prevent further infection – adequate fluid consumption, regular bladder emptying, perineal hygiene, taking meds as prescribed o Keep follow-up appointments

Answer 10

1) fatigue and headache 2) poor appetite w excessive thirst 3) weight loss 4) polyuria

Answer 11

enlarged kidneys, abscesses on or within renal capsule | -eventual atrophy and destruction of tubules glomeruli

Answer 12

Slight damage – GFR >90

Answer 13

Mild decrease in function – GFR 60-89

Answer 14

Moderate decrease – GFR 30-59

Answer 15

Severe decrease – GFR 15-29

Answer 16

End Stage renal disease – GFR <15 o Occurs when the kidneys cannot remove the body’s metabolic wastes or perform their regulatory functions o May be on dialysis or be require kidney transplant to sustain life

Answer 17

``` o Elevated serum creatinine levels o Anemia – d/t decreased erythropoietin production by kidneys o Metabolic acidosis o Ca and phosphorus imbalance o Fluid retention ---> edema + CHF o Abnormalities in electrolytes o HF and HTN ```

Answer 18

o Maintain ideal body weight w/o excess fluid o Adequate nutritional intake/encourage nutritious foods o Increase knowledge o Absence of complications o Maintain daily fluid restrictions o Identify sources of fluid and explain why they are on a fluid restriction o Good oral hygiene o Adjust meds if needed o Patient/family response to illness and treatment  coping patterns

Answer 19

nurse warms, spikes, and hangs each container of dialysate  Routine = hourly exchanges that involve 10-minute infusion, 30-minute dwell time, and 20-minute drain time  Requires strict aseptic technique  Assessments: VS, weight, I&O, labs and overall patient status  Additional assessments: skin turgor and mucous membranes to evaluate fluid status/presence of edema • Make sure patient isn’t in fluid overload!!  If dialysate does not drain properly  facilitate draining by turning the patient from side to side or raising HOB  NEVER push the catheter further into the peritoneal cavity

Answer 20

performed at home by patient or a trained caregiver  Performed at home 4-5 times per day EVERY day  Advantages: • Longer dwell time – better results • Allows reasonable freedom & control over daily activities

Answer 21

: uses a machine called a cycler to perform the fluid exchanges  Combines overnight intermittent PD with a prolonged dwell time during the day  Advantages: • Lower infection rates d/t fewer bag changes & tubing disconnections • Greater freedom to work b/c occurs while sleeping  ** These may require home visits by nurses, follow-up phone calls, or visits to out-patient settings to be sure the dialysate is correct • BP is also monitored carefully

Answer 22

 Acute, excrutiating, colicky wave-like pain that radiates towards the genitalia and the thigh  Sharp, severe sudden onset of pain  Dull, aching kidney(s)  N/V, pallor & diaphoresis during acute pain  Urinary frequency with alternating retention

Answer 23

o Relieve pain of renal colic |  Immediate objective = to relieve pain until its cause can be eliminated

Answer 24

NSAIDS bc the pain is associated with inflammation

Answer 25

cranberries, plums, grapes, prunes, tomatoes, eggs, cheese, whole grains, meats & poultry

Answer 26

legumes, milk & milk products, green vegetables, rhubarb

Answer 27

milk & other dairy products, beans, lentils, dried fruits, flour, chocolate, cocoa, canned/smoked fish (not tuna)

Answer 28

asparagus, beets, celery, cabbage, nuts, tea, fruits, tomatoes, green beans, chocolate, beer, cola, dark green leafy vegetables

Answer 29

organ meats, sardines, herring, venison, goose

Answer 30

1) fever and chills 2) dysuria, urethral discharge when prostate palpated 3) boggy, tender prostate 4) WBCs found in prostate secretions

Answer 31

1) backache 2) dysuria 3) pernineal 4) frequency and hematuria may be present 5) irregularly enlarged , firm, and tender prostate

Answer 32

1) hypotension 2) reduced CO and HF 3) obstruction of kidney or lower urinary tract 4) hypovolemia 5) obstruction of renal arteries or veins