Final Flashcards
Flashcards of questions from Class Quizzes
According to Stanovich, which specific psychologist dominates popular conceptions of psychology?
Sigmund Freud
Stanovich argues what about psychology?
It is diverse.
Stanovich points out that people can easily provide explanations for _____.
almost everything they experience
According to Stanovich, why don’t psychologists nowadays do research on extra sensory perception (ESP)?
Years ago, evidence failed to support it.
What did Stanovich complain about?
Some clinical psychologists use unscientific treatments.
Undergraduate training in psychology won’t qualify you for what kind of psychology jobs?
Clinical psychology, marriage therapy, psychiatry
Regarding the long list of skills the textbook authors encouraged you to develop in college, they said what?
You can’t master all skills; rather you should focus on important skills and countering your own weaknesses.
The textbook described a study in which students and their parents were asked about their perceptions of psychology as a profession, as well as five other professions. What did they find?
Psychology was seen favorably, with no negative attitudes towards it.
The book reported what is the most common reason people reported for becoming a psychology major?
I have a very strong interest in the subject matter of psychology.
What reason was provided regarding why diversity is important in higher education?
Diversity enriches educational experience, promotes personal growth, and strengthens community.
What do employers want from an employee with a bachelor’s degree?
Numerical, problem-solving, and communication skills.
True or False: People with a bachelor’s in psychology end up in diverse jobs.
True
According to the APA, what is the most common field of work for people with a bachelor’s?
Management, sales and administration
What career is available without an advanced degree?
Police Officer
What is O*NET?
A searchable database of information about various jobs.
What are three methods are the most successful in finding a job?
Classified advertisements, family member or friend, or submitting unsolicited resumes
When looking for a job, what did the book say about tapping into personal connections?
Do it! It can help you get your “foot-in-the-door.”
The book reported what findings of resumes?
Only one interview is granted for every 200 applications received, resumes are typically scanned in 10 to 20 seconds – and not read thoroughly, if a company cannot open a resume (file) on the first try, they are unlikely to try again
When preparing your resume, the textbook advises which one of the following?
Have a friend who is good at English look at your resume to do a grammar review.
How long in an interview does it take personnel directors to make accurate decisions regarding an applicant’s employability?
20 seconds
True or False: More women than men get bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in psychology
True
True or False: The historical trend is that fewer people are getting psychology MA degrees.
False
True or False: The historical trend is that more people are getting psychology Ph.D. degrees.
True
In their summary of skills desired in professional psychologists, The Bureau of Labor Statistics included what?
Analytic skills, observation skills, and trustworthiness
Scientist model = what type of degree?
PhD
Practitioner/ Vail model = what type of degree?
Psy.D.
Scientist-practitioner/ Boulder model = what type of degree?
PhD
Where do people with doctorates in psychology get jobs?
Business, universities/colleges, and health care settings
True or False: About 5% of all psychologists are self-employed.
False
True or False: For people with a Master’s degree in psychology, the most common full-time employer is schools (or other educational settings).
True
True or False: In some states, “psychologist” is a legally protected term for someone with a Ph.D. or PsyD.
True
True or False: The job search method used most commonly by Master’s degree recipients is via informal channels (e.g., colleagues or friends.)
True
The Ph.D. specialty area with the greatest enrollment during the 2009-2010 year was _____.
Clinical psychology
What is the date by which applicants to graduate programs can expect to hear back about acceptance or rejection?
April 15
What are the “big three” application materials?
GPA, GRE, and recommendation letters
For graduate schools, what selection criteria is most important for deciding among qualified applicants?
Research experience resulting in a publication credit in a scholarly journal
According to Appleby (1990), the two kinds of students in graduate school, generally, are …
those who endure school and those thrive there
According to the book, the most successful undergraduates are successful at blending what?
Academic, personal, and extracurricular pursuits.
According to the book, which High Impact Practice (HIP) is often reported as “transformative” by those who experience it?
psychology study abroad
According to the book, “psychological thinkers are _____.”
tentative in their conclusions
What does the book say about psychology-oriented movies?
Be careful because sometimes they are inaccurate
Who was on the list of those who either started or finished a Bachelor’s degree in psychology?
Natalie Portman, Lisa Kudrow, and Mark Zuckerberg
What is considered a societal benefit associated with those who have received higher education?
College-educated parents engage in more educational activities with their children, who are better prepared for school than other children; federal, state,and local governments enjoy increased tax revenues from college graduates and spend less on income support programs for them’ adults with higher levels of education are more active citizens
What best describes the difference between the covert and overt curriculum?
Covert curriculum addresses how to learn as opposed to what to learn, whereas what to learn is the focus of the overt curriculum.
What are the components of the SQ3R method for improving your reading?
Survey, question, read, recite, review
What tips are there for multiple-choice exams?
Anticipate the answer without looking at the given answers; watch for answers that create sweeping generalizations such as always and never; look for relevant information in one question that can be helpful at answering another question
What things do you not tell your professor?
Are we doing anything important in class today; I’m not doing well in the class. Can I do some extra credits; I can’t make it to class today. I’m working on a paper for another class, and it’s due tomorrow; I don’t understand why I got such a low grade, I come to class every day
What is the difference between a TA (teaching assistant) and RA (research assistant) position in psychology?
TA position usually involves helping a professor with his/her responsibilities in the classroom whereas the RA position typically involves helping a professor with a particular study or set of studies
What is recommended when doing an oral presentation at a psychology conference?
Prepare some sort of visual presentation to keep your audience engaged; decide on a limited number of significant ideas that you want your audience to comprehend and remember; state clearly, without jargon, the point of your research, what you found, and what it means-try to tell a good story
What is the flagship organization for psychologists that was founded in 1892?
American Psychological Association
True or False: Internships are positively related to higher rates of employment after graduation
True
True or False: Internships primarily involve watching a professional complete her/his tasks and responsibilities.
False
True or False: Internships are positively related to higher college performance
True
True or False: Internships potentially allow for the testing of material covered in the classroom out in the field
True
What best describes the purpose of the informed consent form in research?
The informed consent serves the purpose of describing the study to the participant and obtaining permission from the participant to include him/her in the study
What is the purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
To safeguard the rights and welfare of the participants, and to protect investigators and the university from unfounded lawsuits.
How does memory work in general?
Our memory can be influenced by the quality of the encoding strategy, and it is only a representation of the information to which we were exposed.
The process of encoding refers to …
getting information into memory
Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called _____ memory.
short-term/working
What is the difference between random assignment and random sampling?
Random sampling involves how participants are selected whereas random assignment involves how participants are assigned to a group
What is the difference between theory-driven (basic) v.s. direct application (applied) research?
Basic research focuses on the testing of theories whereas applied research focuses on solving current issues and problems
What is the college sophomore problem?
Because college sophomores are the subjects in an extremely large number of psychological investigations, the generalizability of the results is in question
What is a probabilistic trend?
It means that something is likely to happen but does not hold true in all cases
What are cognitive errors pertaining to probabilistic reasoning?
A failure to use sample-size information; a tendency to see a link between two events that are unrelated; the tendency for a single-case example to overwhelm probabilistic information about an outcome
What is an example of a naturalistic observation study?
Elementary-age participants’ behaviors on a playground are watched to identify whether boys or girls play with a larger number of their peers
What analogy best describes the shape of an APA-style research paper from beginning to end?
The paper should flow like an hourglass starting with general information, moving to specific information, and ending with general information
What topics are covered in the Method section of an APA-style research paper?
The participants, materials, and procedure.
What is the order of the first few sections of an APA-style paper?
Title page, abstract, introduction, method
What topics are commonly included in the Introduction section of an APA-style research paper?
A review of the relevant literature, a definition of the variables in the study, and a statement of the hypotheses and their rationales
What is the basic purpose of the Results section of an APA-style research paper?
To report and describe the data that were collected and calculated
What is a good example of using APA-style to cite a former research study in the body of the paper?
(Corser & Barney, 2010)
What are some recommendations to follow when writing an APA-style research paper?
Avoid referring to the reader as “you,” use active verbs than passive verbs whenever possible, cite any research in the body of the paper that you discuss in the body of the paper
What is the objective of the Abstract section of an APA-style research paper?
To summarize the whole paper in no more than about 120 words.
What is a good example of a research hypothesis?
Boys will engage in more risk-taking behaviors than girls.
What is a good example of an operational definition?
Pace of life is how fast the person walks in a downtown location
What types of information are commonly included in the Discussion section of an APA-style research paper?
An evaluation of whether or not the hypotheses were supported, the limitations of the study, and questions that could be addressed in future studies
What is the most important communication mode for the results of psychological research?
Journals
What are important criteria to use for evaluating internet information?
The author or source of the information, the timeliness of the information, and the point of view expressed
True or False: There are no differences between magazines and journals.
False
True or False: Journals go through a lengthy review process of the research by other researchers, whereas magazines do not
True
True or False: Journals are typically more extensively supported by research in the field, whereas magazines are not
True
True or False: Journals are more commonly read by the mass public than magazines
False
What are some benefits of a literature review?
To assess whether or not somebody has already done something similar to the idea that you’re proposing; to locate other key challenges that other researchers have already identified with the topic under study; to incorporate your idea into the framework of existing ideas and theories
