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Nazi Germany FINAL > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Hitler Youth

A

like nazi boy scouts, camping trips, arts and crafts, charity work while being told nazi ideas like racism and antisemitism, different organization for girls- encouraged to report parents, teachers etc who werent nazi followers

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2
Q

German Christian Movement

A

Created a nazified protestant church to maybe collect all followers and other churches die off

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3
Q

Campaign Against the Churches

A

1934-35
Would play military music outside events
Storm troopers outside insulting people

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4
Q

Lebensraum

A

living space

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5
Q

Geneva Arms Talks

A

1932- all great powers negotiate land armies

Hitlers wants out, but doesn’t want to make other countries mad.

He makes an offer- willing to sign a treaty if they get to have an army as big as France, Britain.- equality. He knows they wont agree, so Germany walks out of disarmament.
Germany also pulls out of league of nations

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6
Q

Anschluss

A

annexation) of Austria

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7
Q

Mussolini

A

fascist italian dictator

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8
Q

Anglo-German Naval Agreement

A

June 1935
Germans agree to a ratio 35/100 germ-uk
This was bad idea bc british signed treaty without telling the French
French were not happy
These events have an impact on Italy. Mussolini was not originally a fan of hitler- he knew that hitler was aggressive and unpredictable etc. ( he was right).

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9
Q

Reoccupation of the Rhineland

A

western border of Germany was wide open
if he wanted to go to war with ex Poland, they could march right in so he needed to fortify it
this would be a violation of Versailles treaty.
He decided to send german forces to Rhineland in march 1936 (while ethiopian war is ongoing).

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10
Q

Popular Front (France)

A

The Popular Front (French: Front populaire) was an alliance of French left-wing movements,
election with 386 seats out of 608. For the first time, the Socialists won more seats than the Radical-Socialists,

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11
Q

Winston Churchill

A

british prime minister

member of conservative party- commited to appeasement Was seen as troublesome at this point in his life

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12
Q

Joachim von Ribbentrop

A

british diplomat and foreign minister
Looks around Europe for friends
British Unwilling to abandon alliance with France, by 1937 he tells hitler to assume in any war the british will be an enemy.

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13
Q

Guernica

A

The bombing of Guernica (26 April 1937) during the Spanish Civil War. Nationalist faction by its allies, Actual city was proof of what bombers could do in seconds.
Germany was denounced for its aggression.
Franco wins war and becomes dictator, remains in power until 1975.

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14
Q

Werner von Blomberg

A

minister of war, high ranking general, member of cabinet. He was a widower and fell in love with a younger woman and marries her but she was a former prostitute- not a suitable wife for a nobleman and minister. Hitler knew this and used it as an excuse. If he resigns he can keep name, title, reputation etc but if he doesn’t they’ll make it public so he resigns.

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15
Q

Munich Conference (1938)

A

Hitler, Mussolini, chamberlaine, Daladier- Munich agreement October 1938
They give hitler 90% of what he wants
The ultimate sellout

In France Daladier felt ashamed.
Czechoslovakia loses 20% of population, including border areas.

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16
Q

Pact of Steel

A

may 1939 Mussolini and hitler

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17
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

lightning warfare – was german solution- involved tanks and planes to collapse enemy defenses and move swiftly.

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18
Q

Phony War

A

no fighting during this period. British and French felt good about this- time to build them up and Germany is blockaded.

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19
Q

Dunkirk Evacuation

A

evacuation of Allied soldiers during World War II from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940

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20
Q

Marshall Pétain

A

new french prime minister after dunkirk

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21
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

german commander of the Afrika Korps

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22
Q

Einstazgruppen

A

SS death squads used in holocaust

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23
Q

Eugenics

A

evolution could be influenced/sped up instead of waiting for nature to improve

Assumed there was aryan blood mixed in Europe- and merge them with germans

Eugenics were designed to discourage people from reproducing
in 1934 doctors wer einstructed to sterilize you against your will (vasectomies etc). at least 16000 women were sterilized and many more men.

People with disabilities, mentally ill and others considered weak or genetically inferior were murdered.

Spetember 1st 1939 hitler instructs doctors to euthanize anyone like that- “helping them/releasing them from their pain”

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24
Q

Holocaust

A

genocide of european jews during ww2 by the nazi regime, around 6mil died

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25
Q

Star of David Badge

A

worn on clothing for identification

26
Q

Zyklon B

A

cyanide gas pellets used in Auschwitz concentration camp

27
Q

Wannsee Conference

A

January 1942

Military officials, beurocrats etc are figuring out how to expand the holocaust

28
Q

Josef Mengele

A

doctor performed inhumane experiments on prisoners- fascinated by identical twins, angel of death, ss member

29
Q

Carl Goerdeler

A

mayor of Leipzig before hitler came to power. He was a conservative. Thinks maybe there can be peace and still keep some territories conquered.

30
Q

D-Day

A

June 6 1944
Invasion of Normandy
Allied invasion of France
Germany is now fighting on 3 fronts

31
Q

V Weapons

A

a particular set of long-range artillery weapons designed for strategic bombing during World War II, particularly Strategic bombing and/or aerial bombing of cities.

32
Q

Baldur von Schirach

A

leader of group reich youth leader, later member of cabinet

33
Q

Confessing Church

A

a movement within German Protestantism during Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to unify all Protestant churches into a single pro-Nazi German Evangelical Church.

34
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

sept 1935

1) Germanys jewish population stripped of civil rights, no longer considered german citizens and don’t have the rights of german citizens. Considered aliens/foreigners living in Germany
2) Eliminated Marriage and sexual interaction between aryan and jewish community

german servants worked in jewish households only if they were 45yrs old and above

they had charts explaining , jews had their own benches, - segregation

35
Q

Maginot Line

A

line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s

36
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

new prime minister in uk
Hes closely associated with appeasement
Also traumatized by ww1, fussy etc
Highly moral person- wants to avoid war

37
Q

Engelbert Dolfuss

A

chancellor of Austria

38
Q

Saar District

A

Rich in steel and coal
In Versailles was taken from Germany and placed under league of nations- if Germany behaved they would get it back
In 1935 people of Saarland would vote if they wanted to return to Germany- election held by league of nations and vote was 90% yes to return to Germany (not surprising)
Hitler presented this as a great victory for nazi regime

39
Q

Ethiopian War

A

Mussolini looks to conquer Ethiopia (Abyssinia). Italian colonies next to Ethiopia- Eritrea and Italian Somaliland

Invasion of Abyssinia 1935-36
In past they had lost war so now he could reverse embarrassment

British say they should do something about it but French are more worried about hitler – they’ll need Mussolini later

If british wanted to they could stall Italian war effort , Italians are going through the suez canal in eqypt which was controlled by the british – they would have to sail around the other way

Haile Selassie- emperor of Ethiopia- flees and goes to league of nations and gives speech about the conquer

May 1936 war ended- Mussolini
No one is paying attention to hitler bc of Ethiopia and hitler takes advantage

40
Q

Kristallnacht

A

Nov9th-10th 1938 (20 yrs since Kaiser was overthrown, 15th aniv of beer hall putsch) Kristallnacht- night of broken glass: wave of violence across country
Herschel Grynszpan assassinated german diplomatic in France german embassy
Nazis will use assassination as excuse to launch a massive wave of anti semitic violence
Jews are attacked, beaten, killed, taken to camps, things destroyed, stolen, synagogues destroyed, jewish stores destroyed
Jewish community blamed for the violence and made to pay a collective fine
Insurance companies have to pay for damages but government takes money
Kristallnacht was presented as a majestic night- revenge on jews, however in reality it was carefully planned. Almost all the violence was SS and SA

41
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

dictator of soviet union

42
Q

Sudetenland

A

German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans.

43
Q

Francisco Franco

A

spanish army general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain

44
Q

Spanish Civil War

A

Spanish civil war 1936-39
Spain was a monarchy until 1931 but king was overthrown and country was weak democracy. Experiencing same problems as France, Germany- badly divided country. Rebels seize control of half country and government other half. Thousands of people killed over next 3 years. Government forces are called the republicans bc fighting to defend republic. Conservatives are called nationalists- Francisco Franco is leader, was an army general. Mussolini wants to support fellow fascist leader and also show off power. Hitler initially hesitated but decided to back franco up. Sending money weapons supplies to nationalist side in spain. Mussolini also sent 60,000 soldiers to help and military aircraft.
Germany never openly intervened in war but sent weapons, supplies, money and volunteers-16,000 germans in spain. Another advantage would be able to test out technology in a real battle.
Russia is supporting left wing side, tanks volunteers, supplies etc. Becomes fascist vs communism. French and british don’t really do anything. This caused anger among left wing activists in west democracies. Thousands of foreigners joined republican army to fight.
Guernica painting about war. Actual city was proof of what bombers could do in seconds.
Germany was denounced for its aggression.
Franco wins war and becomes dictator, remains in power until 1975.

45
Q

Konrad Henlein

A

udeten German politician in Czechoslovakia. Upon the German occupation in October 1938 he joined the Nazi Party as well as the SSgiven money and instructions from hitler to make demands for german language schools, radio stations, local autonomy
Encourages sudeten germans to make demands Czech government wotn be able to meet

46
Q

Danzig

A

hitler demanded the city of danzing returned to Germany and the reich to build an autobahn across the polish corridor.

47
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

Non aggression treaty and economic arrangement Russia supplies Germany with oil etc. secret part to treaty not announce to public- they divide eastern Europe between them. Poland split in half. Russia gets Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.

48
Q

stukas

A

dive bombers planes

49
Q

Ardennes Offensive

A

Italy is captured, France is liberated, Russians are advancing through Poland, Germany has just enough strength left for one last offensive. Plan attack in Ardennes – wait for bad weather in December. Airforce was ally advantage so the snow and fog help gerany- success they advanced 30-40 miles. But then sky cleared ally airforces took down the germans. Battle of the Buldge December 1944.

50
Q

Vichy France

A

new location of french government after france is occupied

51
Q

Battle of Britain

A
  • german planes attack british.
    British advantages- didn’t have to fly far- fought over home territory, no need for fuel,
    If a german plane is damaged, pilot is captured while british pilots and planes can be rescued and prepared. British had radar- advanced warning. Good fighter planes- spitfire.
52
Q

Operation Barbarossa

A

german invasion of the soviet union. Hitler decides it would be risky to invade Russia while british are building an army in Europe. Hitler decides to take out Greece.

Balkans (Bulgaria, Romania, hungary) become german allies but hitler still needs Yugoslavia- they sign treaty with germans. But are overthrown and replaced by new government that tears up the treaty because they want to remain friends with british. Hitler decides to attack Yugoslavia and then Greece.
the british were ware that Germany was about to attack Russia and were sending stalin warnings. Stalin didn’t believe it. The red army was caught by surprise. The beginning of operation Barbarossa appeared to be a success

53
Q

Albert Speer

A

architect now in charge of running war economy

54
Q

Aktion T4

A

End of 1939 questoinaires were sent to all hospitals/asylums and doctors had to report patients suffering from mental diseases etc. thought to be hereditary, anyone kept for 5+ years and anyone jewish. After teams visited and evaluated the patients in person. The final decision on whether someone lived of died was made by a team of government doctors in berlin. They examined reports and made either a red + mark, or blue – mark. The + meant death and the – meant life.
Mass execution: Sometimes lethal injection, but normally used gas.
Families were told their relatives died of natural causes etc/outbreak of disease cremated body etc.

T4 program was shut down bc churches fought back- couldn’t afford fight with churches.

55
Q

ghettos

A

the jewish population was collected and sent to special designated areas- countryside or neighborhoods of cities- Ghettos. Separated by a wall

56
Q

Final Solution

A

Death camps (the final solution)- constructed during the holocaust, to murder people

57
Q

Auschwitz

A

largest of the German Nazi concentration camps and extermination centers

58
Q

Stalingrad

A

city in russia where the 1st german defeat was

59
Q

Bombing of Dresden

A

British-American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state

60
Q

Lend Lease

A

Roosevelt came up with Lend lease- US would lend british and Russians weapons, not give. US was also guarding the western part of the Atlantic.

61
Q

Colonel Stauffenberg

A

officer who agreed to assassinate hitler, accepts the job even though he knows he will die

Pputsch attempt failed- hitler isn’t killed

62
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A

1945-1946 war crimes after ww2 held by allied forces

Nazi Germany FINAL (1 decks)

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