Final

Question 1

Doe

Answer 1

An approach for effectively and efficiently exploring the cause and effect relationship between numerous process variables and the output or process performance variable. Identifies the vital few sources of variation

Question 2

Root cause approaches

Answer 2

1 observe the process

2. Experiment with the process

Question 3

One factor at a time approach

Answer 3

Change one factor at a time.it is impossible to tell if the variables interact with each other

Question 4

Factorial approach

Answer 4

Changes several factors at a time, initially begins with only 2 level for each factor. Handles common cause variation easily

Question 5

Why randomize runs?

Answer 5

To eliminate the effect of lurking variables

Question 6

Why replicate the runs?

Answer 6

To measure the amount of inherent variation or pure error. Replication

Question 7

Replication

Answer 7

Sample size , repeating all the experimental conditions two or more times

Question 8

Randomization

Answer 8

To assign the order in which the experimental trials will be ran using a random mechanism to average the effect of any lurking variable

Question 9

Lurking variable

Answer 9

One that has an important effect and yet is not included among the factors under because its existence is unknown, thought to be negligible, data on it are unavailable

Question 10

Two types of effects

Answer 10

1. Main factor effect: overall effect of each factor on the response
2. interaction effect: synergy between the positive or negative factors

Question 11

Interaction effect

Answer 11

Effect of one factor has on the response is not the same

Question 12

Two level experiments

Answer 12

2 to the k, where k is the number of factors

Question 13

Center points

Answer 13

Detect non-linearities, estimate quadratic effects for quantitative factors

Question 14

X and MR chart

Answer 14

N= 1, variable.x measures location and Mr is moving range or dispersion

Question 15

X,R chart

Answer 15

N is less than 10

Question 16

X, S Chart

Answer 16

N is larger than 10

Question 17

Objective of SPC

Answer 17

To defect special cause variation quickly

Question 18

Type I error

Answer 18

Null: we are stable and in control

Question 19

Type 2 error

Answer 19

Not stable and not in control (special cause present)

Question 20

P chart (defective and n is constant or variable

Answer 20

Proportion defective where n can be constant or variable

Question 21

NP chart ( defective and n variables

Answer 21

Number of nonconforming items. May be easier to relate to and it sample size changes, so does the control limits. Desirable when sample size is constant

Question 22

C Chart (defects and n is constant)

Answer 22

Number of nonconformity or defects’ based on the poisson distribution which is suited to modeling the number of events that happen over a specific amount of time, space, volume, or units produced. The opportunity for defects is large, while the average number of defects per unit is small

Question 23

U chart (defects and sample size varies)

Answer 23

Sample size varies, number of nonconformity per unit

Question 24

Rational subgroups

Answer 24

Group of units produced under the same conditions. Variability in a subgroup is minimized so we can see variability between them