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final Flashcards

1
Q

What does user interface describe?

A

How a user interacts with a system.

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2
Q

Name the 7 methods a user can interact with a system

A

hardware, software, screens, menus, functions, cameras/microphones, forms

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3
Q

Is the prototype method usually used? yes or no?

A

Yes, It is expensive when people change their mind. Prototypes help avoid costs.

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4
Q

What makes up a good form/report?

A

easy to read and well organized, meaningful titles, meaningful layout, balance the layout, clear navigation.

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5
Q

Within a form what belongs in the heading area?

A

Static data

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6
Q

Within a form what is variable information?

A

Usually transaction data.

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7
Q

true or false: the information in the body of a form changes depending on the transaction?

A

True.

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8
Q

Data for reports MUST come from where?

A

an accessible database or be calculated within an accessible database.

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9
Q

Where are reports traditionally done

A

on paper.

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10
Q

True or False: Can Report data be created in a user accessible file?

A

True, this is often downloaded. If a file is required you need to agree in a format with the user

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11
Q

How are paper reports printed?

A

Landscape.

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12
Q

What does a detail report provide?

A

information for every report processed. An example would be payroll information for employees

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13
Q

What does a summery report provide?

A
  • Comprehensive information. An example would be list of sales totals by store.
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14
Q

Do forms have predefined data?

A

Yes and some areas where data needs to be filled in.

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15
Q

How are traditional forms based?

A

on paper.

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16
Q

What kind of form is very popular now?

A

online forms.

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17
Q

List 4 examples of forms.

A
  • Invoices, packaging lists, checks, report cards.
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18
Q

What do forms need to have?

A

a title.

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19
Q

True or false: forms have the same purpose in most organizations.

A
  • true, Customer order, customer invoice, customer statement, checks, Employment application.
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20
Q

Name 6 output to specialized devices.

A
  • portable web-connected devices, retail point-of-sale (POS), Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs), Special-Purpose Printers, Plotters, Mobile Devices.
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21
Q

What do you need to agree on with the user to output?

A

a format

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22
Q

What are 4 common formats?

A

ASCII, Excel, Report form, Unicode.

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23
Q

Should you require validation for information that is already available?

A

no

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24
Q

Within data entry control what should the user be able to do unless there is a level of security involved?

A

move back and forth freely within the fields.

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25
Q

Within field level security who is allowed to update information?

A

only authorized users are allowed to update certain information.

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26
Q

How are functions accessed?

A
  • keystrokes, mouse, menu, or function keys.
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27
Q

Do some sytems require a prompt before saving data?

A

yes

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28
Q

How should function keys and commands be assigned?

A
  • They should be the same across the whole system. for example F1 returns to the prior screen.
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29
Q

How should information be indicated?

A

As required or optional.

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30
Q

How should you deal with errors?

A

Anticipate anything that may occur. Avoid, Detect, and correct data entry errors.

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31
Q

How should error messages be given?

A

avoid tech speak. example: dont say “invalid entry” say “zip code should be 5 digits long

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32
Q
  1. Within screen editing how should a screen be organized? (not as simply as possible)
A

Indicate where information should go.

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33
Q

What are interfaces and dialogue?

A

How infomation is provided to and captured from users on screen.

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34
Q

How should interfaces be designed?

A

Should be kept simple.

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35
Q

How should the interface be effected by different applications?

A

The format should remain consistent across them all.

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36
Q

What are the benefits of editing during data entry?

A

eliminates problems with bad data,
reduces improper processing,
disallows incomplete transactions,
reduces the frequency of unpredictable results.

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37
Q

What is the problem with editing in batch processing?

A

Maybe difficult to contact the user quickly, The problems are identified but need to be resolved at a later time.

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38
Q

What is an audit trail?

A

transaction log that records changes to important information.

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39
Q

Who reviews audit trails?

A

management.

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40
Q

What information do audit trails keep track of?

A
  • name of file, date, time, field change information, person who made the change.
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41
Q

Who does the auditing?

A

internal or external audit companies.

42
Q

What does a prompt queue do?

A

alerts a user to do a task

43
Q

What are error and warning messages for?

A

Provide feedback, Be consistent, never use tech speak.

44
Q

What is the SOS technique

A

Simplify,( short to the point), organize,( easy to understand, no long paragraphs), Show(Show how to preform the task).

45
Q

What are cookie crumbs?

A

they show the user where they are and where they have been on a website. (like breadcrumbs)

46
Q

What is diologue diagramming?

A

Formal method for designing and representing screen flow using box and line diagrams.

47
Q

What symbols do dialuge diagrams use?

A

box

48
Q

What are the three boxes in the diologue diagram?

A

Top, middle, and bottom.

49
Q
  1. What are the three boxes in dialogue diagrams used for?
A

top-unique display and reference number
middle- name and description of the display
bottom- reference numbers that can be accessed from the current display.

50
Q
  1. Do interupted transactions need to be accounted for?
A

yes

51
Q

what does logical database design allow?

A

subsequent database design.

52
Q

What does view integration do?

A

Combines normalized data requirements from all user interfaces into one consolidated logical database model.

53
Q

What should you use to combine logical data models to each known interface?

A

normalization

54
Q

What does selecting the media do for storing data?

A

makes access more efficient

55
Q

What is a field

A

smallest unit of application data recognized by the system

56
Q

Can an attribute from the logical database model be represented by more than one field?

A

yes

57
Q

What is a calculated field?

A

derived from other database fields via calculation.

58
Q

What is the Database Schema

A

Description of all fields, tables, and relationships.

59
Q

What does the physical Data Repository contain?

A

The schema

60
Q

What does M:N stand for?

A

Many-to-many relationships. one instance of the first instance can relate to many instances of the second entity.

61
Q

What are the design goals when using rational database tables?

A

Data integrity,
efficient use of storage,
speed.

62
Q

What is the primary key used for?

A

normally used to access a file or table.

63
Q

What is the Functional key used for?

A

allows relationships between tables

64
Q

should keys be able to change their values? yes or no?

A

No.

65
Q

building a data model should be?

A

simple,
non-Redundant,
Minimal Maintenance

66
Q

what should normalization be used for?

A

Combining logical data models for each known interface.

67
Q

what must you account for always in database design within system input or output?

A

Every data element, it will be difficult to add them later.

68
Q

What are data types?

A

Coding scheme recognized by systems to identify datas physical attributes

69
Q

What should you avoid with data at all costs?

A

corruption.

70
Q

How can corruption be avoided?

A 
Default value,
Input mask, 
Range control,
Referential integrity,
null value controls,
field level security
71
Q

What are the three types of entity relationships?

A

unary, binary, ternary.

72
Q

How are disks divided?

A

into units depending on the hardware/software combination.

73
Q

What are 3 types of units

A

Tracks, cylinders, pages

74
Q

What is file organization?

A

Technique for physically arranging the records of a file.

75
Q

True or false: Rows in the file are stored out of sequence.

A

False

76
Q

How does a program scan a file within a sequence?

A

From begining to end.

77
Q

What is the benefit of indexed files?

A

The index can point to unique rows. Example: by invoice number or date

78
Q

What are the disadvantages of index files?

A

Extra space is required to store the indexes.

79
Q

What is a pointer?

A

Field that can be used to locate data and contains the physical address of data.

80
Q

Who knows about the pointers?

A

only the database operating system. Not the users or developers.

81
Q

When are pointers used?

A

In file recovery after some type of corruption

82
Q

how are backups designed?

A

based on recovery requirements.

83
Q

Where are backups stored?

A

often offsite in places like iron mountain.

84
Q

Mogul Money: This piece of technology usually referred to as an HDD.

A

What is a hard disk drive?

85
Q

What is an SSD?

A

Solid state drive

86
Q

Where is the data stored in an SSD?

A

On individual memory chips.

87
Q

Which is faster HDD or SSD

A

SSD

88
Q

Once coding begins who writes it?

A

Individuals or teams.

89
Q

How must code be written?

A

Clearly and easily maintainable by others.

90
Q

True/False: Code does not need to be documented

A

False

91
Q

What is unit testing?

A

Each module is tested alone.

92
Q

Who does unit testing?

A

Developers.

93
Q

What is integration testing?

A

Modules are tested with other modules.

94
Q

Who does integration testing?

A

Developers or other development teams

95
Q

What is a systems test?

A

When the entire system is tested.

96
Q

Who can participate in a systems test?

A

Users.

97
Q

What should a test case be if found?

A

repeatable.

98
Q

what are some of the 8 reasons for poor quality?

A 
Inaccurate requirements,
Design problems. 
Coding issues,
Ineffective Testing,
Bad data,
Lack of User Involvement,
Faulty Documentation,
poor training.
99
Q

when can documentation occur?

A

anytime.

100
Q

When it comes to training what varies between organizartions?

A

type of training and frequency.

101
Q

How are users trained?

A

User guides,
Online Help,
Tutorials/online videos,
Classes.

102
Q

What are 4 installation techniques?

A

Direct,
Parallel,
Single location,
Phased.

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