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Biology- exam 3 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations

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2
Q

what is the random movement displayed by microscopic particles suspended in fluid called?

A

brownian motion

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3
Q

what osmosis?

A

diffusion of water across the semi permeable membrane

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4
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

molecules passing through protein channels

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5
Q

what does passive transport mean?

A

diffusion that doesn’t required ATP

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6
Q

awhat does active transport do and what does it require?

A

ATP is required, it moves molecules to low conservation to higher concentrations

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7
Q

what is the difference between a solvent and a solute?

A

Solvent is the liquid and solute is the solid

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8
Q

describe the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solution?

A

hypertonic- higher solute concentration

hypotonic- low solute concentration

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9
Q

what would happen is a hospital IV bag was pure water?

A

your blood cells would fill up w/water and burst

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10
Q

what is a specifically happening to plants where they wilt?

A

the vacuole collapses

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11
Q

what are the three components involved in a sexual reproduction?

A

meiosis, gametes, fertilization

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12
Q

what is the main difference between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?

A
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13
Q

what is a meiosis also known as?

A

reduction division

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14
Q

what is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

A

diploid has the full set of chromosomes

haploids half

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15
Q

what crucial process happens in prophase 1 of meiosis and what is specifically happening?

A

chromosome crossingover, they’re exchanging genetic information

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16
Q

clearly describe the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

A

mitosis has two identical cells, meiosis result in 4 genetically different cells

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17
Q

where does fertilization always occur?

A

at the site of the egg

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18
Q

fertilization results in the formation od the first diploid cell of anew organism. what is this cell called?

A

zygote

19
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

adenosine tri-phosphate

20
Q

Draw a molecule of ATP

A

LOOK AT NOTES!!!!

21
Q

What is the ultimate goal of cellular respiration?

A

ATP retrieval

22
Q

what’s the first stage of cellular respiration occurs in?

A

glycolysis, cytosol

23
Q

in what organism does this stage of cellular respiration occur in?

A

all of them

24
Q

in what organism does this stage of cellular respiration occurs ?

A

oxygen

25
Q

what is not needed for this stage of cellular respiration?

A

in the chloroplast, its a pigment

26
Q

Krab cycle

A

LOOK AT NOTES!!!

27
Q

Describe the difference between oxidation and reduction

A

o-lose electron

r-gain electrons

28
Q

describe both types of anerobic respiration

A

when oxygen is not available to be the final electron from the electron transport chain, the NADH created in glycolysis, reduces pyruvate to lactic acid and bacteria, animal cells or ethanol in yeast cells

29
Q

give two examples of both types of anerobic respiration

A

alcohol fermentation- beer and bread

Lactic fermentation- after workouts and yogurt

30
Q

what is the next stage in aerobic, cellular respiration and sometimes called the “ transition stage’

A

oxidation of pyruvate

31
Q

where does this “transition stage” occur?

A

in the mitochondria matrix

32
Q

what is the starting substrate, the end product, and the by products of this “ transmition stage”

A

pyruvate (start), acetol COA (end), 2NADH (Bypro)

33
Q

kreb cycle

A

LOOK AT NOTES

34
Q

Write out the balanced reaction of Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 +6H2O-C6H12 +6O2

35
Q

Give me the long definition of photosynthesis

A
36
Q

What does photosynthesis occur in plant cells and what is chlorophyll?

A

in the chloroplast, its a pigment

37
Q

what are the first set of reactions of photosynthesis called and where do they occur?

A

the light dependent reaction, the thylakoid membrane

38
Q

what are the second set of reaction of photosynthesis called and where do they occur?

A

Light independent reaction thylakoid membrane

39
Q

what drives these reactions and what is the first one called that fixes the carbon from CO2 onto ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate?

A

RuBisCO

40
Q

what are the two goals of this second set of reactions of photosynthesis?

A

Production of glucose from CO2

41
Q

three components involved in sexual reproduction

A

meiosis, gametes, and fertilization

42
Q

what are the main differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

sexual- two parents, genetically unique offspring

asexual- one parents, clones

43
Q

difference between sexual and asexual repro.

A

sexual- requires the 3 components and results in genetic variation in the offspring
Asexual-alter or excludes one of the 3 component resulting in no genetic variation in the offspring

Biology- exam 3 (1 decks)

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