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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Cisco routers “____” the Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

A

run

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2
Q

An operating system manages the __________ and _________ associated with a computer

A

hardware

software

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3
Q

The IOS is responsible for …

A
  • Managing router interfaces
  • Maintaining routing table
  • Routing network traffic ( packets ) quickly and efficiently between network devices
  • Providing security to control access to the router and stop unauthorized network use -
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4
Q

To configure a Cisco router, a network administrator must first

A

locate the router’s console port

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5
Q

The console port is administratively named ______ and is physically located on the back of the router

A

con 0

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6
Q

The second step to configure a Cisco router is to

A

identify the serial port on the computer

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7
Q

The third step to configure a Cisco router is to

A

Connect the computer to the router using console cable

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8
Q

The fourth step to configure a Cisco router is to

A

configure your computer’s terminal emulation software for 9600 baud , 8 data bits , no parity, and 2 stop bits

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9
Q

The fifth step to configure a Cisco router is to

A

run your computer’s terminal emulation software and open a console window into your router

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10
Q

The sixth step to configure a Cisco router is to

A

Power up the router

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11
Q

When power is applied a router will first run a

A

power on self test (POST)

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12
Q

tests the hardware to verify that all components of the device are operational and present

A

POST

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13
Q

After POST , the router …

A
  1. Looks for an IOS file in flash memory
  2. Expands the file
  3. Loads the Cisco IOS into RAM
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14
Q

After the Cisco IOS is loaded , the router …

A
  1. Looks in non-volative RAM ( AM) to locate the router’s startup configuration (startup-config)
  2. If found, the router loads the startup-config into RAM and the router displays the Router> prompt .
  3. Otherwise, the router enters setup mode and displays the prompt Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog yes/no:
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15
Q

When the Cisco startup-config is loaded into RAM, the router will display the

A

Router > prompt

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16
Q

If you type “___” the prompt , then the router will display the Router > prompt

A

N

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17
Q

The Router> prompt represents a

A

Cisco IOS command line interface (CLI)

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18
Q

A Cisco ISO CLI is referred to as an

A

EXEC session

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19
Q

Two levels of EXEC sessions

A
  • User EXEC

– Privileged EXEC

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20
Q

Only allow access to limited of basic router monitoring commands

A

User EXEC

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21
Q

Privileged EXEC allows

A

– Allows access to all router commands , including configuration and management
-Can be password protected to allow only authorized users the ability to configure and maintain the router

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22
Q

is initially in User EXEC, which displays a Router > prompt

A

Router

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23
Q

To enter Privileged EXEC, issue the command

A

Router>enable and press ENTER

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24
Q

The Privileged EXEC prompt is

A

Router#

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25
Q

To return back to User EXEC , issue the command

A

Router #disable

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26
Q

To exit any and all levels, issue the “______” or “_________” commands at any prompt

A

exit

logout

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27
Q

To restart (reboot ) a router , issue the command

A

reload at the Privileged EXEC prompt

Router#reload

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28
Q

Issuing the command “?” at a CLI prompt will display

A

the commands available at that level

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29
Q

Issuing the command at a CLI prompt will displays

A

the commands that begin with the letter “co” at that level

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30
Q 
Many Cisco IOS commands can be abbreviated 
Show abbreviations for:
- show 
- interface 
- Ethernet
A
  • sh for show
  • int for interface
  • eth for Ethernet
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31
Q

Issuing the command “ping? ” at the user EXEC prompt will display

A

the command line arguments that are required for a given command

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32
Q

A command line argument is

A

Carriage Return

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33
Q

If the user enters a Cisco IOS command improperly ( e.g. typo or invalid command option), then the router will

A

Called CLI Syntax Checking

inform the user and indicate where the error has occurred

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34
Q

Cisco IOS provides _________ to speed command line command editing

A

Hot Keys

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35
Q

There are three ways to connect to a router

A 
Console port (con 0) 
Auxiliary port (aux 0)
Virtual terminal (vty0, vty1, vty2)
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36
Q

You must enter global configuration mode to configure the …

A
  • console port ( con 0)
  • auxilliary port (aux 0)
  • or the virtual terminal ports (vty 0-4)
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37
Q

If you enter configure ” at the Router # prompt you will enter

A

global configuration mode .

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38
Q

If you enter configure X” at the Router# prompt Where X is one of the following three modes …

A
  • terminal
  • memory
  • network
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39
Q

Name the five router interfaces

A

Router> enable
Router#configure terminal Router(config)#exit
Router#disable
Router >

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40
Q

To configure vty line

To configure vty lines 1, 2 & 3

To configure vty line 4

A

Issue Cisco IOS command line vty 0 0

Issue Cisco IOS command line vty 1 3

Issue Cisco IOS command line vty 4 4

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41
Q

Often you want to provide information to users who are authorized to access your router.

Likewise , you will provide warning to those who attempt to access your router without proper authorization.

Both cases are satisfied by creating

A

banners

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42
Q

A _______ banner is displayed on all terminals connected via the console port, the auxiliary port, and virtual terminals

A

MOTD

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43
Q

How to create a MOTD banner

A

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal Router(config) #banner motd YOURMESSAGEHERE

44
Q

A ______ banner is displayed on all connected terminals when router requires login credentials

45
Q

How to create a login banner

A

Router >enable

Router# configure terminal Router(config) #banner login * YOURMESSAGEHERE

46
Q

Cisco routers provides five (5) different passwords

A
  • Console
  • Telnet
  • Auxiliary
  • Enable
  • Enable Secret (Encrypted by default)
47
Q

The _________ password is used to secure a console login. Generates a clear text password that can be seen when the show running- configuration Cisco IOS command is issued

48
Q

How to create a password

A

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal Router( config)#line console 0
Router (config-line) #password CONSOLEPASSWORDHERE

49
Q

To enable password checking at login, the login command in line configuration mode:

To disable password checking and allow connections without a password , use the no form of this command:

A

Router(config-line)#login

Router (config - line)# no login

50
Q

Use the exec-timeout command to configure the inactive session timeout on the console port or the virtual terminal

Give example:

A
  • Router(config.line ) #exec-timeout INTEGERHERE

- INTEGERHERE is [0, 525600]

51
Q

What is used for the exec-timeout command to use default

A

no

Router(config-line)#no exec-timeout
Or
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

Both have the same effect

52
Q

Generates a clear text password that can be seen when the show running-configuration Cisco IOS command is issued

A

Auxiliary password

53
Q

a Generates a encrypted password that can be seen when the show running - configuration Cisco IOS command is issued

A

Enable secret password

54
Q

For the purposes of routing packets, routers are equipped with one or more interfaces

These interfaces are one of the following …

A
  • Ethernet ( eth)
  • FastEthernet (fe)
  • Serial (ser)
55
Q

Recall that each Ethernet and Serial interface represents a subnet , which is also

A

One broadcast domain

56
Q

Ethernet interfaces on older routers are called

57
Q

AUI/RJ45 transceivers must be used to connect

A

the router to a switch

58
Q

How to configure Ethernet interface

A

Router>enable
Router# configure terminal Router(config)# interface ethernet NUMBER
Router(config-if)#description DESCRIPTIONHERE
Router(config-if)# ip address IPADDR SUBNETMASK
Router (config-if)#no shutdown (turns interface on)

59
Q

is a hardware device that converts a digital data frame from the communications technology used on a local area network (LAN) into a frame appropriate to a wide- area network (WAN) and vice versa

60
Q

If you intend to connect a router to a CSU /DSU, then the router’s interface is a

A

DTE (also known as child)

61
Q

How to configure serial interface

A

Router>

Router#config t

Router(config)#interface serial NUMBER

Router (config-if)#description DESCRIPTIONHERE

Router(config-if)#ip address IPADDRESS SUBNETMASK

62
Q

The primary function of a computer network is to ________ a packet from a source station and ________ it to a destination station.

A

accept

deliver

63
Q

Example routing protocols

A 
(RIP)
(IGRP)
(EIGRP)
(OSPF) 
(IS-IS)
64
Q

Routing decisions are based on the data within

A

routing tables

65
Q

Routing tables contain …

A
  • Data about the a router’s local subnets - Data about adjacent (i.e. neighbor ) routers’ subnets
66
Q

indicate the optimal route each packet should take through the internetwork

A

Routing tables

67
Q

Routing tables optimize routes based upon some performance criteria.

A 
# of hops 
Cost 
Delay 
Bandwidth 
Throughput
68
Q

Inconsistent routing tables will cause problems !

A
  • Unsuccessful routing
  • Ping Ponging
  • Cycles
69
Q

The routing table at node i says the route is through node j

The routing table at node j says the route is through node i

This is called

A

Ping ponging

70
Q

Based on routing tables, the packet is passed among a subset of nodes

71
Q

Desirable Routing Algorithm Attributes

A
  • Correct
  • Simple
  • Robust
  • Stable
  • Fair
  • Optimal
72
Q

A routing algorithm _______ work

73
Q

A routing algorithm should use a minimum number of resources or processing capacity at each router.

It should also place minimal burden on the bandwidth of links between routers.

74
Q
  • A routing algorithm must adapt to changing levels of traffic flow and find alternative routes when nodes /links fail , or links come back into service.
  • A network is a “living entity!
75
Q

A routing algorithm must adapt to changing levels of traffic flow and find alternative routes when nodes /links fail , or links come back into service.

  • A network is a “living entity!
76
Q

A routing algorithm must converge to a solution (i.e. the selection of a path) without excessive oscillation when adapting to changing loads and topologies.

77
Q
  • A routing algorithm should be able to provide the “best” routes that minimize the mean packet delay and maximizes throughput
  • Routing algorithms are essentially optimization problems !!!
78
Q

We will define measures of performance through:

A
  • # of hops
  • Cost
  • Delay
  • Bandwidth
  • Throughput
79
Q

How long does it take to transmit a packet from source to destination

80
Q

How much data is transmitted from source to destination

A

Throughput

81
Q

What type of routing strategy to use?

A
  • Static Routing
  • Default Routing
  • Random Routing
  • Flooding Routing
  • Dynamic/Adaptive Routing
82
Q

routes are predefined and loaded into a router before any messages are transmitted

A

Static routing

83
Q

send packets with a remote destination network not in the router table to the next-hop router

A

Default routing

84
Q

You should only use default routing networks on “______” networks

85
Q
  • Place received packet on any router output line

- Referred to as “Hot Potato” Routing

A

Random routing

86
Q

Place received packet on all router output lines. Most dynamic of the four routing strategies

A

Flooding routing

87
Q

routes are updated when nodes/links fail or the network changes

A

Dynamic/adaptive routing

88
Q

Three types of dynamic/adaptive routing

A
  • Distance Vector
  • Link State
  • Hybrid
89
Q

A router calculates the best path between a source and a destination based on shortest hop count (i.e. distance)

A

Distance- vector routing

90
Q

A router first exchanges information about connections within the internetwork , and then builds a topology table

A

Link state routing

91
Q

Administrator is responsible for manually “ setting uproutes between routers

A

Static routing

92
Q

a numeric value routers use in order to select the best path when there are two or more different routes to the same destination from two different routing protocols .

A

Administrative distance

93
Q

defines the reliability, or trustworthiness, of the routing information received on a router from a neighbor router

range [0 - 255]

A

Administrative distance

94
Q

Three classes of dynamic routing algorithms

A
  1. Distance Vector
  2. Link State
  3. Hybrid
95
Q

Exhibits characteristics of both distance-vector and link-state algorithms

96
Q

Rip routing iOS command

A

Network Router (config)#router rip Router ( config- router) #network A.B.C.D Router ( config- router) #version 2

97
Q

is an address for a subnet similar to a subnet mask, but different

A

Wildcarding

98
Q

Example of wildcarding using subnet 192.168.5.0/24

A

1st octet block size = 256 - 255 = 1 so wild card is 0

2nd octet block size = 256-255 = 1 , so wild card is 0

3rd octet block size = 256 - 255 = 1 so wild card is 0

4th octet block size = 256-0 = 256 , so wild card is 255

Wild card address is 0.0.0.255

99
Q

OSPF Routing IOS commands

A

Router>enable
Router configure terminal

Router (config)#router 
# Router (config-router) #network A.B.C.D area A#
100
Q

EIGRP Routing iOS command

A

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router ( config)#router eigrp
# Router (config- router) #network A.B.C.D

101
Q

take in frames that arrive on active interfaces

102
Q

The frame’s source MAC address IS listed in the switch’s MAC address table

The frame’s destination MAC address IS listed in the switch’s MAC address table

A

The switch forwards the frame out on the port associated with the frame’s destination MAC address

103
Q

The frame’s source MAC address IS NOT listed in the switch’s MAC address table

The frame’s destination MAC address IS listed in the switch’s MAC address table

A

The switch writes the source MAC address in the MAC address table and associates it with the interface that the frame arrived

The switch forwards the frame out on the port associated with the frame’s destination MAC address

104
Q

The frame’s source MAC address IS NOT listed in the switch’s MAC address table

The frame’s destination MAC address IS NOT listed in the switch’s MAC address table

A

The switch writes the source MAC address in the MAC address table and associates it with the interface that the frame arrived.

The switch floods the frame out on all ports except the port on which the frame arrived

105
Q

A MAC address is associated with _______ Switch port/interface

106
Q

A switch port/interface can be associated with ___________ MAC addresses

A

two or more (many)

107
Q

The frame’s source MAC address and destination MAC address ARE BOTH listed in the switch’s MAC address table AND associated with the same port

A

The switch filters ( i.e. drops ) the frame

Advanced Networking (2 decks)

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