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Diagnostic Audiology I > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Case History Purpose

A

Investigate why problems exist - understand problems & system

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2
Q

Case History Information to Gather

A
  1. ID Info
  2. Occupation
  3. School Level
  4. Chief Complaint
  5. Timeline
  6. Severity
  7. Symptoms
  8. Medical History
  9. Family History
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3
Q

What age is the auditory system fully developed?

A

6 months

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4
Q

CNT

A

Could not test - attempted testing, but could not complete

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5
Q

DNT

A

Did not test - did not attempt to test

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6
Q

Otalgia

A

ear ache or ear pain
AS: otitis externa, otitis media, TMJ, teeth grinding
INT: Medical referral

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7
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

issue within outer or middle ear
can be medically remediated
air & bone scores more than 10dB apart
bone within normal limits

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8
Q

Paracusis Willisii

A

symptom of conductive loss

hearing better in noise than quiet

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9
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

issue with inner ear & beyond

air & bone scores within 10dB of each other

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10
Q

Mixed Hearing Loss

A

air & bone more than 10dB apart, bone outside normal limits

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11
Q

Retrocochlear

A

issue past the cochlea (ie. central pathway, brainstem, etc.)
symptoms can include diminished understanding

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12
Q

Outer Ear Disorders

A
  1. impacted cerumen
  2. foreign bodies
  3. otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)
  4. otorrhea
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13
Q

Impacted Cerumen

A

impedes sound from getting to the TM (occlusion)
AS: aural fullness, tinnitus, sudden HL
INT: removal

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14
Q

Foreign Body

A

anything in the ear canal that doesn’t belong
AS: blood, discharge, HL, tinnitus (occlusion), aural fullness
INT: removal

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15
Q

Otitis Externa

A

infection of outer auditory meatus
AS: discharge, itching, edema, pain, HL
INT: medicated drops (medical referral)

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16
Q

Otorrhea

A

discharge from ear
AS: otitis media (perforation), odor, infectious material, otalgia, itching
INT: medical referral immediately - follow infectious control protocol

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17
Q

TM Disorders

A
  1. retraction

2. perforation

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18
Q

TM Retraction

A

negative pressure on the TM
AS: depends on severity, stuffy, blocked, HL
INT: depends on severity - decongestants, tubes, tympanoplasty

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19
Q

TM Perforation

A

hole in TM
AS: fullness, tinnitus, HL, vertigo, blood, otalgia, discharge
INT: drops, heal on its own, surgery

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20
Q

Middle Ear Disorders

A
  1. otitis media with effusion
  2. cholesteatoma
  3. disarticulated ossicles
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21
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion (serous)

A

fluid within the middle ear cavity, more serious audiologically - harder to identify can thicken
AS: sterile fluid, see through TM, dull TM, hearing loss, fullness
INT: nasal spray/decongestants, tympanostomy tubes

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22
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion (suppurative)

A

infectious fluid within the middle ear space
AS: infectious material, TM red, TM bulging, thick, hearing loss, fullness, sickness, pain
INT: Antibiotics

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23
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

tumor-like sack in the middle ear with infectious material, usually under lining of middle ear; can be from perforation, chronic OMWE; highly erosive
AS: HL, pain, TM perforation
INT: surgery, reconstruction of ossicles or TM

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24
Q

Disarticulated Ossicles

A

gap in ossicles; can be caused by trauma or infection
AS: sudden HL, tinnitus
INT: can heal on its own, surgery, prosthetics

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25
Q

Inner Ear Disorders

A
  1. Noise Induced HL
  2. Presbycusis/Sociocusis
  3. Sudden Loss
  4. Meniere’s Disease
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26
Q

Noise Induced HL

A

permanent damage to inner ear; can be from blast exposure or impact noise
AS: high blood pressure, stress, bilateral notch 3-6kHz
INT: prevention, avoidance, amplification, auditory training/sp reading

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27
Q

Presbycusis/Sociocusis

A

loss due to aging or the exposure of daily life
AS: HL
INT: amplification, communication strategies, speech reading

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28
Q

Sudden Loss

A

can be caused by viral, vascular, idiopathic, autoimmune issues, etc.
AS: tinnitus, fullness, HL, vertigo
INT: refer immediately - first 48hrs. - better recovery, steroids

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29
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A

buildup of fluid in inner ear - endolymph overproducation in the vestibular system (connected to scala media) - puts pressure on membrane; progressive
AS: fluctuating low frequency HL, fullness, low roaring tinnitus, pressure, true spinning vertigo
INT: amplification, vertigo medicine, therapy

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30
Q

Central Auditory Disorders

A
  1. Lesions
  2. APD
  3. Tinnitus
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31
Q

Central Auditory Lesions

A

growths on central pathway; acoustic neuroma
AS: asymmetric high frequency HL, progessing HL (with tumor growth), reduced understanding, balance issues, facial numbness, headaches
INT: benign - let grow until hearing gone, malignent - quick removal

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32
Q

Central Auditory Processing Disorders

A

CAPD, effectiveness of using auditory information; worse in noise situations; larger issue in children - mislabled

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33
Q

Tinnitus

A

sound without stimulus; spectrum of severity; commonly “can’t hear because of tinnitus,” strong relationship bt tinnitus & HL, rule out retrocochlear pathology
external factors: caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, medications

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34
Q

Dizziness

A

imprecise term describes various symptoms such as faintness, vertigo, disequilibrium, unsteadiness, etc.

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35
Q

Disequilibrium

A

disturbance or absence of equilibrium

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36
Q

Equilibrium

A

condition of being evenly balanced

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37
Q

Faint

A

extremely weak; threatened with syncope

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38
Q

Syncope

A

loss of consciousness & postural tone; caused by diminished cerebral blood flow

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39
Q

Vertigo

A

sensation of spinning; objects around them are spinning or whirling

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40
Q

Vestibular info to gather

A
  1. meaning of vague terms
  2. onset
  3. frequency
  4. length of duration
  5. nausea
  6. changes in hearing
  7. tinnitus
  8. swallowing, speaking, or vision issues
  9. warning signs
  10. loss of consciousness
  11. fullness or pressure at back of head
  12. medications
  13. blood pressure or heart issues
  14. medications
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41
Q

Otoscopy

A

visual inspection of pinna, outer ear canal, & TM

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42
Q

Otoscopy Procedure

A
  1. wash hands
  2. gloves
  3. inspect ear
  4. clinician positioning (eye level)
  5. manipulate ear (adult - up & back, infant - down & out)
  6. remove gloves
  7. wash hands
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43
Q

.Tuning fork test limitations

A
  1. no set frequency or intensity
  2. varied patient response
  3. done in poor acoustic environments
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44
Q

Weber

A

OBJ: determine whether unilateral loss is SN or conductive
TECH: tuning fork struck on baseline
OUT:
1. hear tone in both ears or in middle of head - normal or SN bilateral loss
2. hear tone in better ear: SNHL (in the bad ear) or mixed if BC thresholds are better in that ear than other
3. hear tone in worse ear: conductive (stenger - occlusion)

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45
Q

Rinne

A

OBJ: determine if air or bone is most efficient
TECH: fork struck on mastoid then moved to front of canal; pt asked which is louder
OUT:
1. positive: louder at canal - normal or SNHL
2. negative: louder for bone - conductive

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46
Q

Bing

A

OBJ: determine if SN or conductive
TECH: fork struck on mastoid: open & close tragus
OUT:
1. positive: occluded is louder: SN or normal
2. negative: no difference: conductive

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47
Q

Schwabach

A

OBJ: determine hearing loss conductive or SN
TECH: base on mastoid until no longer heard then placed on physician’s mastoid
OUT
1. physician hears longer than patient: SNHL
2. patient hears longer than physician: conductive
3. same: normal

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48
Q

Exhaustive Calibration Times

A
  1. at least once a year
  2. before use
  3. any reason output may have changed
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49
Q

Basic Calibration Instruments

A
  1. couplers
  2. sound level meter
  3. voltmeter
  4. electronic counter/timer
  5. oscilloscope
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50
Q

Transducers & Calibration

A

transducers calibrated for specific equipment; transducers set to otologically normal individual age 18-30

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51
Q

Audiometric Zero

A

0dB HL - cannot be measured

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52
Q

RETSPL

A

Reference Equivalent Threshold Sound Pressure Levels - air conduction with transducers

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53
Q

RETFLs

A

Reference Equivalent Threshold Force Levels - bone conduction (artificial mastoid)

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54
Q

ANSI Standards

A

From the year of production of the equipment; specifies how the audiometer is to perform when manufactured

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55
Q

NASED

A

National Association of Special Equipment Distribution; several major audiology services united and established “gold standard” but voluntary

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56
Q

Recommended calibration output values

A

dB deviation from the standard

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57
Q

Absolute SPL reading limitation

A

do not easily allow determination of total output error nor the ANSI compliance values

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58
Q

Process of Determining Max Testing Output Error

A
  1. Obtain SPL reading at 1500Hz
  2. Locate ANSI level at 1500Hz
  3. Calculate difference
  4. Locate worse positive attenuation error
  5. Add worse positive to calculate difference
  6. Locate worse negative attenuation error
  7. Subtract from difference
  8. MTOE range from sum of step 5 & difference of step 7
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59
Q

What is Max Total Output Error Calculated for?

A
  1. Each transducer
  2. Each frequency
  3. Both channels
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60
Q

How is Frequency Accuracy Measured during Calibration?

A

Precision frequency counter

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61
Q

ANSI specified audiometers

A
  1. two full channel audiometer
  2. one & a half main/masking channel
  3. air/bone portable
  4. air portable
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62
Q

ANSI Frequency Tolerances

A

For type 1 & 2 audiometers: +/- 1% of indicated dial setting

For type 3 & 4 audiometers: +/- 2% of indicated dial setting

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63
Q

Pure Tone and Speech Calibration

A
  1. Left & right primary earphones (both channels)

2. secondary transducers

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64
Q

Max Permissible Ambient Noise Level

A

Must test down to audiometric zero

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65
Q

Determination of Ambient Noise Levels

A
  1. SLM at location of patient’s head
  2. levels recorded & compared to ANSI standards
  3. CANNOT OVERCOME EXTERNAL NOISE WITH ACOUSTICAL MODIFICATION (ie. noise reducation headphones)
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66
Q

Noise Reduction Headphones Limitation

A
  1. no calibration standards
  2. greater test/retest variability
  3. greater variability in amount of noise attenuated
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67
Q

White noise Calibration for Masking

A

recorded in absolute dB SPL

each manufacturer determines WN calibration level

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68
Q

Noise masking Tolerance

A

+5/-3dB

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69
Q

How to measure Harmonic Distortion

A

use a precision analyzer

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70
Q

leading cause of transducer distortion

A

mistreatment (ie. dropping)

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71
Q

Bone Output is recorded in

A

dB deviations due to artificial mastoid & meter sensitivities

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72
Q

Bone output Tolerance

A

+/-3dB for 250-4kHz pure tone & speech inputs

+/-5dB for 6k-8kHz pure tone

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73
Q

SF tolerance (azimuth)

A

+/-3dB for 125-5kHz or speech inputs

+/-5dB for 6k & up

74
Q

SF calibration is recorded in

A

dB deviations

75
Q

Attenuation Linearity Measures

A

recorded as dB deviations for each 5dB step; start at 70dB, decreasing by 5; error tolerance is +/-1dB for each step

76
Q

Rise/Fall time (calibration)

A

time it takes to get to peak target sound (milliseconds); rise tolerance: 20ms, fall tolerance: 50ms

77
Q

overshoot value

A

intensity rises higher than needed before reaching target level; tolerance less than 1dB

78
Q

Inspection check

A
  1. power cord
  2. power light
  3. transducer cords
  4. cushions
  5. headbands
  6. controls & switches
79
Q

Listening Check

A

must be done on normal hearing individual

  1. audiometer noise
  2. frequency (all heard at appropriate levels, 70dB)
  3. attenuator linearity (any distortions/changes)
  4. transducer cords (manipulate)
  5. interruptor switch
  6. cross talk (place one headphone on all freq at 70dB)
  7. acoustic radiation (bone osc tactile response)
  8. known threshold search within 5dB
80
Q

Sources of transmission

A
  1. patient
  2. clinician
  3. instruments/surfaces
81
Q

Major Pathways of Disease Transmission

A
  1. Patient to clinician
  2. clinician to patient
  3. patient to patient
82
Q

Routes of Transmission

A
  1. direct contact
  2. indirect contact (instruments/surfaces)
  3. airborne contamination
83
Q

Routine Prevention Measures (infection control)

A
  1. hand washing
  2. protective barriers (ie. masks, gloves, eye protection)
  3. immunizations
  4. waste management
84
Q

Clean, Disinfect, Sterilize

A

clean: remove all debris
disinfect: kill some germs
sterilize: kill all germs (heat or chemical)

85
Q

threshold characteristics

A

not an absolute, a range, influenced by outside factors, behavioral response, ranges 10-15dB due to factors

86
Q

Method of Limits

A

experimenter in control of stimulus intensity; present well above or below until a change is presented, reverse, find mean - threshold

87
Q

Method of Adjustment

A

Listener is in control of intensity, use response want to control loudness

88
Q

Method of Constant Stimulus

A

determine set number of trials at a range of intensities

89
Q

Loudness vs. Intensity

A

loudness: perceived/subjective impression
intensity: physical property
influenced by duration (longer-louder), frequency (grows faster for low & high vs. slower in mid), bandwidth (wider - louder [more neurons stimulated])

90
Q

Phon

A

means of equating loudness across frequencies
set to intensity level of 1kHz
each phon line is of equal loudness
most sensitive at 2k-5kHz

91
Q

Sone

A 
means of determining growth of loudness
1kHz at 40dB SL
1 sone = 40 phon
does not grow linearly with intensity
lower levels grow faster than higher levels
92
Q

Pitch vs. Frequency

A

pitch: related to frequency, subjective impression
frequency: physical property

93
Q

Mel

A

measure of pitch [ref. 1kHz at 40dB SL = 1k Mel]
O-jive curve: low and high frequencies grow slower than mids
perception not linear to frequency

94
Q

Binaural Fusion

A

a cognitive process that involves the combination of different auditory information presented binaurally

95
Q

Binaural Sumnation

A

advantage of using both ears: boost
adds 3-6dB depending on intensity of stim
helps with localization

96
Q

Localization

A

deals with timing & intensity differences between ears (processing differences)

97
Q

False positive & False negative

A

False positive: response with no stimulus

False negative: no response when heard

98
Q

ASHA Recommended Pure Tone Procedure

A
  1. Familiarization (1kHz continuously increased until response)
  2. Present 1kHz at 30dB (if response TH search; if no increase 50dB, then 10dB until response)
  3. start well below threshold & increase 5dB until response then down 10, up 5
  4. TH=lowest level responses occur 50% of the time [2/3 ASHA]
99
Q

Monitoring Technique frequencies vs. Diagnostic

A

Monitoring: 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, 4k, 6k, 8k
Diagnostic: [125], 250, 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, 4k, 6k, 8k
If difference greater than 20dB present between 2 adjacent frequencies: test interoctave: 750 or 1500

100
Q

Order of Pure Tone testing

A

better ear first
begin with 1kHz
2-8kHz then retest 1k, 500, 250, 125

101
Q

Masking

A

gives non test ear an artificial hearing loss through noise [raises thresholds]

102
Q

AC Masking

A

SA: AC[TE] - 40dB > BC[NTE]
Inserts: AC[TE] - 60dB > BC[NTE]

103
Q

Interaural Attenuation

A

decrease in intensity from one ear to the other via the skull [from test to non test ear]

104
Q

crossover

A

when sound crosses to the other side [height of floodwall] from nontest ear to test ear

105
Q

Bone conduction vibration patterns [forehead placement]

A

200: vibrates as a unit - back & front
800: vibrates out of phase
1600: vibrates in 4 pieces

106
Q

osseotympanic stimulation

A

bone & cartilage of outer ear canal vibrate, creating sound waves in the canal [forehead & mastoid placement]

107
Q

inertial stimulation [ossicular lag]

A

mastoid placement: vibrates skull side to side - inducing more movement of the ossicular chain [10-15dB increase]
forehead placement: vibrates front & back, blocking ossicular chain movement

108
Q

distortional stimulation

A

skull vibration distorts cochlea; scala vestibuli larger than scala tympani; vibration creates an up & down movement of basilar membrane - stimulating it

109
Q

Compressional Stimulation

A

oval window not displaced as much; cochlear fluid & basilar membrane move downward, stimulating the hair cells

110
Q

mastoid v forehead placement

A

mastoid: +10-15dB
forehead: more reliable

111
Q

never cover test ear in bone conduction - why

A

occlusion effect - louder

112
Q

bone conduction responding cochlea & IA

A

IA: 0dB

better cochlea responds

113
Q

Bone Conduction Influences

A
  1. size & thickness of skin over mastoid
  2. tactile responses [low frequencies]
  3. interaural attenuation [0-10dB]
  4. environmental influences [open ears]
  5. occlusion effect [increases lower frequencies, only seen in SN or normal, not conductive or mixed because already occluded]
114
Q

BC Masking

A

AC[TE] - unmasked BC[TE] > 10dB

115
Q

minimum info for audiogram

A
  1. date & location
  2. names of patient, audiologist, referral source
  3. professional credentials
  4. description of equipment
  5. calibration information
  6. threshold values
  7. explanation of symbols
  8. observations
  9. modifications
  10. reliability
  11. reason for evaluation
116
Q

Right ear air conduction unmasked symbol

A

O

117
Q

Left ear air conduction unmasked

A

X

118
Q

Right ear bone conduction unmasked

A

>

119
Q

Left ear bone conduction unmasked

A

>

120
Q

Right ear air conduction masked

A

triangle

121
Q

Left ear air conduction masked

A

square

122
Q

right ear bone conduction masked

A

[

123
Q

Left ear bone conduction masked

A

]

124
Q

Right ear sound field

A

Circle w line through

125
Q

Left ear sound field

A

x with lines on the ends

126
Q

Masked Forehead right

A

upside down L straight line on right

127
Q

Masked forehead left

A

upside down L, straight line on left

128
Q

no response symbols

A

arrow pointing down - for left to right, for right to left

129
Q

unspecified BC mastoid unmasked

A
130
Q

unspecified BC forehead unmasked

A

v

131
Q

masking levels on audiogram

A

reported for NONTEST ear

132
Q

adult degrees of hearing

A 
-10 to 15 normal
16-25 slight
26-40 mild
41-55 moderate
56-70 moderately-severe
71-90 severe
90+ profound
133
Q

configurations

A 
flat
sloping
precipitous
high frequency
low frequency
notch
scoop/cookie bite
inverted scoop
fragmented
134
Q

sound field limitations

A 
characteristics of the room
background noise level
properties of speakers
movement of listener
type of stimuli
135
Q

sound field equipment

A

audiometer
speakers
calibration equipment

136
Q

sound field speaker characteristics

A 
broad bandwidth
constant output at each frequency
low distortion
accurately transducing transient & steady state signals
uniform radiation pattern in sound field
high electroacoustic efficiency
137
Q

near field

A

large SPL changes occur with small changes in distance from speaker

138
Q

far field

A

inverse square law applies

for every doubling of distance, 6dB decrease in SPL

139
Q

sound field challenges not encountered with headphones

A

more complex signal
affects of loudspeaker on test signal
recognize interaction between characteristics of loudspeakers & test environment

140
Q

ear canal resonance

A

2700Hz

141
Q

reverberation influence

A

increases SNR
raises thresholds
worsens intelligibility

142
Q

types of sound field stimuli

A

frequency modulated (warbled)
narrowband noise
amplitude modulated

143
Q

frequency modulated stimuli

A

most common

central frequency with a set deviation & modulation rate

144
Q

narrow band noise

A

filtered white noise
slightly exceeds cochlear filters
higher distortion than freq mod

145
Q

variables that influence speech processing

A 
direct relationship between what is heard & what is understood
type of hearing loss
degree of hearing loss
patient's age (language experience)
linguistic sophistication
146
Q

SDT/SAT

A

minimum level one can discern presence of speech material 50% of the time
Speech Detection Threshold (SDT more accurate that SAT)
Speech Awareness Threshold

147
Q

SRT

A

Speech Recognition Threshold
minimum level one can correctly recognize speech material 50% of the time
use spondee words (2 syllables, equal stress)

148
Q

monitored live voice limitations

A

no consistency

149
Q

recorded limits

A

time, however recommended

150
Q

SRT familiarization reasoning

A

more likely to get closer to threshold

151
Q

when to test SDT

A

unable to get SRT; ie. poor discrim, poor understanding, cognitive issue, difficult to test individual

152
Q

SRT masking

A

SRT[TE] - SRT[NTE] > 40dB (60-70 for inserts)

153
Q

SRT instructions

A

orient to task, specify response mode, only response w words from list, respond if soft, guess

154
Q

Chaiklin & Ventry SRT method

A 
Prelim phase
1. familiarize
2.  25dB SL re: 500 & 1k avg pure tone
3. present one word at each level
4. decrease 5dB steps until missed
Threshold Phase
1. start 10dB SL re: missed level
2. present up to 6 words
3. once 3 words correct - drop 5dB until all 6 are missed
SRT = lowest level 3 correct
155
Q

ASHA Descending SRT Method

A

Preliminary
1. start 30-40dB SL re: estimated SRT
2. present 1 word [if correct, drop 10 until missed, if incorrect increase 20dB until response]
3. present second word at missed level, continue presenting 2 words decreasing 10dB steps until both missed
Threshold Phase
1. start 10dB SL re: missed level
2. present 5 for 5step & 2 for 2step words at each level
3. decrease in 5dB or 2dB steps until all are missed or 5/6 for 2step
Calculation
starting level - correct responses + correction (2dB for 5step & 1dB for 2 step)

156
Q

Chaiklin, Font, & Dixon SRT Method

A 
Preliminary
1. start below expected SRT
2. present 1 word at each level
3. up 10dB steps until 1 correct
Threshold
1. present up to 4 words at each level
2. 4 words missed before raising intensity 5dB
3. lowest level where 3 words correct = SRT
157
Q

ASHA Ascending SRT

A

Preliminary
1. present below SRT
2. 1 word at each level in 10dB steps until 1 correct
Threshold
1. present 15dB below correct level
2. present 4 words at each level
3. increase in 5dB steps until at least 3 correct
4. decrease 10dB complete second ascending trial
5. SRT=lowest level 3 words correct in 2 trials

158
Q

Reasons for Suprathreshold testing

A
  1. estimate communicative capability at normal conversational level
  2. determine need for diagnostic assessment
  3. HA considerations (quiet & noise)
  4. analysis of error pattern
159
Q

WRS for normal hearing

A

25-40dB SL re: SRT

160
Q

WRS Configurations

A

normal: asymptotes close to 100
sensorineural: max > 100, increases but does not reach 100
conductive: similar to normal hearing
rollover: performance peaks, then decreases

161
Q

Suprathreshold masking

A

PL[TE] > 40dB of best BC score in NTE

162
Q

Ways to determine WRS PL

A
  1. UCL-5
  2. 2k TH + SL [25>50dB]
  3. SRT + SL [35>35dB]
163
Q

problems with SRT + SL

A

20-35 limited audibility

40+ too loud

164
Q

50 word lists

A

50 words at 2% each
originally created this way & ordered properly
time consuming

165
Q

25 word lists

A

less accurate, variability increases

25 words for 4% each

166
Q

why test in noise

A

quiet testing does not predict functioning in noise

167
Q

scoring SRT methods

A

phonemic

whole word

168
Q

whole word scoring interpretation

A 
92-100 - excellent
82-90 good
70-80 moderate difficulty
52-68 severe difficulty
22-50 very poor
0-20 extremely poor
169
Q

PIPB [performance intensity function] procedure

A

inform patient hear words & repeat
present 10dB SL re:SRT
increase 10dB steps until plateau

170
Q

rollover index formula

A

PBmax-PBmin/PBmax if greater than .2, refer for retrocochlear

171
Q

Stenger Test

A 
validates unilateral loss
use speech or pure tones
10dB SL in better ear
10dB below worse ear
positive: no response - invalid indicates pseudo-psychosis
negative: response - valid
172
Q

ascending-descending gap test

A

complete ascending threshold search & descending threshold search
if gap is 20-30dB better ascending compared to descending, pseudo-psychosis

173
Q

Lombard Reflex

A

patient reads passage while hearing noise & slowly increasing it
if vocal intensities rise w noise levels lower than thresholds, pseudo-psychosis

174
Q

Doerfler-Stewart test

A

introduce noise during SRT testing
disrupts loudness judgement
allows determination of true SRT

175
Q

Bekesy Audiometry

A

uses method of adjustment
evaluates one frequency at a time (250 or 500, 1k, 2k, 4k)
30 sec to 1 min for pulsed frequency
1-2 mins for continuous frequency
sweep method changes continuously at an octave per minute

176
Q

BA Type I

A

P & C intertwined
10dB wide
indicates normal or conductive loss

177
Q

BA Type II

A

P & C intertwined up to 1k

  1. C falls below P then runs parallel to C (tone decay) or
  2. continuous tracing narrows due to intensity difference limens around TH
    indicated: sensorineural, idiopathic, presbycusis
178
Q

BA Type III

A

c falls quick from p
often to limit of audiometer
indicated retrocochlear

179
Q

BA Type IV

A

c quickly falls below p then runs parallel

indicates cochlear dysfunction, retrocochlear

180
Q

BA Type V

A

P falls below C
could be due to effects on loudness memory, so pulsed seems more intense
indicates functional or non organic HL

Diagnostic Audiology I (2 decks)

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