final

Question 1

The Planter Class

Answer 1

The American South aristocracy, consisted mainly of plantation and slave owners; elite

Question 2

Paternalism

Answer 2

Idea of the plantation operating as an extended family, made the elites and southern system unique, justification for their actions, used to minimize revolts

Question 3

Overseers

Answer 3

Workers on the plantation, normally a relative of the master. Administered punishment to the drivers, middleman for the slaves, defuses tension (future slaveowners)

Question 4

Slave Drivers

Answer 4

Made sure that the slaves were following instructions, most daily contact with the slaves, making them productive (landless whites and/or slaves from other plantations.)

Question 5

Yeomen

Answer 5

Land owning white southerners who own less than 20 slaves, defines independence as the ability to own land, slave ownership was seen as something extra, paternalism is not as important, slave ownership was seen as temporary, worked alongside the slaves

Question 6

Slave Patrols

Answer 6

funded by the plantation owners, given weapons and training, had authority to patrol and make sure slaves were not gathering and planning insurrection (formed by poor whites) basic precursor to modern day state troops

Question 7

House Servants

Answer 7

Cooks, nanny’s (caretakers and wet nurses), maid, domestic duties, personal attendances, coachmen, taking care of animals (esp. horses), gardeners, maintaining the plantation grounds. Residing in or near the the big house (seen by guests), better clothes, better living conditions, less visible physical punishments, get better food, well groomed, REFLECTION OF THE OWNERS, females more likely to be sexually abused and or assaulted, advantages given to the house slaves caused divide within the slave community.

Question 8

Field Hands

Answer 8

Relationships between slaves are more desirable, kinship by blood and positions gave a sense of community

Question 9

Gang System

Answer 9

Working together on a task (land clearing)

Question 10

Task System

Answer 10

Working separately on a task (preferred by the slaves, once a task is finished, the slaves had their freetime).

Question 11

Living Conditions of Slaves

Answer 11

Corn and Pork based diets, most field slaves were given one shirt, 2 pairs of pants, a coat, and at age 12 a pair of shoes. Conditions were influenced by the greed of the owner and the enforce of paternalism. Small homes, slept on corn husks mostly

Question 12

Miscegenation

Answer 12

Racially mixed slaves. 10-20% of slaves were mixed race and a power imbalance existed

Question 13

Mulattoes

Answer 13

Someone mixed with white and black ancestry

Question 14

Afro-Christianity

Answer 14

The assimilation of African and Christian beliefs, voodoo from Haiti, slaves would interpret the old testament and connect it to their African rituals.

Question 15

Slave Culture

Answer 15

Music, Dance, religion, and marriage were all ways for a slave to hold onto their cultural uniqueness. A way to create their own way of beliefs in the situation that they were in.

Question 16

Resistance and Rebellion

Answer 16

Resistance was more passive, daily, and subtle while rebellion was when slaves would take up arms to kill their oppressors. There was a lack of rebellion and more day to day resistance.

Question 17

Denmark Vesey (1822)

Answer 17

A minister within the AME church who preached liberation theology. Planned a rebellion for July 14, 1822 and was planning to take over the state arsenal to take a ship to Haiti. He hid weapons all over Charleston and had been planning for over 4 years. A slave informed their master of the plan a month prior and hundreds were arrested, 47 killed, and the heads of those killed were lined within the streets of Charleston. This was the greatest threat to the Antebellum south until 1831.

Question 18

The AME Church

Answer 18

The church that Denmark Vesey ministered at, it was a protestant congregation that was created by blacks.

Question 19

Nat Turner (1831)

Answer 19

A religious plantation preacher who saw visions of God telling him to “slay the serpent” (aka the slave owner). He killed everyone in the house, even the slave owners children because they would grow up to be slave owners. He compared himself to Christ during his execution and his confession seems to be biased by the white physician he told it to. He was found by a slave patrol’s dog. The governor of Virginia, James Madison, sent the militia to Southhampton county and killed every black person that they found (over 200 innocents were killed). After this, blacks could not be preachers.

Question 20

August 21, 1831

Answer 20

The day of Nat Turner’s rebellion taking place. His rebellion was more of a rally and there was no plan made. Between 24-36 hours, 50 whites were dead and he went from plantation to plantation rallying up the slaves to grab whatever they had to kill. He killed everyone in the house, even the slave owners children because they would grow up to be slave owners. This was the first time that the idea of the institution of slavery being immoral was used against the white owners for the first time.

Question 21

Slave Leasing

Answer 21

When someone would rent out a slave from a slave owner to help with what they needed. Not permanent and a way for the slave owner to make a profit that was not through what the slaves cultivated.

Question 22

Underground Railroad

Answer 22

Name was given from a newspaper in 1831 who quoted a slave owner “it was like he had boarded on an underground railroad.” It is an informal network formed over time to assist slaves to escape slavery in the south. It is not one path but initially went up the east coast but also went south into Spanish Florida. There is little written testimonies about it and only oral history.

Question 23

Harriet Tubman

Answer 23

Nicknamed ‘Moses’, she ran away in 1849 but went back to the south to help get her other family members. She would eventually go back 19 more times to rescue more people. Led approximately 300 people to freedom and was a guide and spy in the civil war.

Question 24

American Colonization Society

Answer 24

An antislavery society founded in 1817 that believed that owners should be compensated for loss of property and was wanting to purchase slaves from owners and wanted to relocate the free blacks to an American society on the African continent. Would later end up founding Liberia.

Question 25

Liberia

Answer 25

A colony founded by the American Colonization Society. Wanted to relocate slaves and free blacks to the new colony in order to not have them in the country.

Question 26

Abolitionism

Answer 26

Group of loud, and well educated people in the Northeast. Attacks slavery from a moral and philosophical standpoint. Believes in uncompensated and forced emancipation. Initially non-violent pacifists due to their quaker influences.

Question 27

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 27

Becomes a figurehead in the abolitionist movement. Joined the ACS with hopes of helping free blacks but was met with racism and was disgusted. Started his own newspaper, The Liberator (1831). He also founded the first abolition society, the AAS (1833) American anti-slavery society.

Question 28

David Walker

Answer 28

Walker was born a free man in NC, moved to Boston as a young man. Is literate and religious, wrote Walkers appeal in 1829, which was the first advocation for violence to be used against the institution of slavery. He called for free black in the North and slaves in the South to resist using violence. He used bible verses to combat slavery and told slaves that God is on their side. Cites the Declaration of Independence in his appeal, concluded his appeal with “are we men… ARE WE MEN”

Question 29

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 29

The first abolition society founded by William Lloyd Garrison. He allowed women to participate in the abolitionist movement but to not join the society fully.

Question 30

Frederick Douglass

Answer 30

Born a slave in Maryland, he gained his freedom in the 1840’s. His story was the story for the abolitionist movement and became a speaker that the AAS used to highlight and spread their cause. Garrison funded his autobiography and published through the AAS. It was the first abolition publishing and created a genre of American literature. He gained international popularity and Douglass and Garrison had a falling out.

Question 31

The Liberator

Answer 31

The first abolitionist newspaper and arguably the most influential. Created by William Lloyd Garrison and was ran for 35 years, 820 issues and advocated for immediate emancipation with full legal and civil equality.

Question 32

The North Star

Answer 32

The newspaper published by Frederick Douglass. He believed that the country was redeemable and that the abolitionists could work within the American government system to gain emancipation. Gave the Liberator competition.

Question 33

Slavery Defenses

Answer 33

The south used history, science, religion, and politics to defend slavery. History was used to claim that all great societies in the world had slavery and that slavery had to exist to show what freedom is. Science was used to show scientific racism, or the idea that black people were biologically inferior to white people. The idea of Drapetomania or the natural condition that only people from Africa possess, which is the pre-conditioned tendency for African people to flee their place of residency. The religious view was that Christianity justified slavery by the cure of Ham and a quote from paul that says “ slaves to obey their masters”. The political standpoint was that the founding fathers said that slaves were okay so its okay to still own them.

Question 34

Manifest Destiny

Answer 34

The 19th Century belief that the expansion of the United States was both justifiable and inevitable. Also, the idea that slavery could be expanded upon.

Question 35

Treaty of Guadaloupe-Hidalgo

Answer 35

Ended the Mexican-American war, and brought up the issue of slavery due to new land being available. There was the argument between whether new states could enter as slave states or not.

Question 36

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 36

A bill created in hopes of blocking the expansion of slavery in the newly acquired territories after the Mexican-American War. This bill was not passed.

Question 37

Compromise of 1850

Answer 37

Created by Henry Clay, and was a series of bills that were passed to help with which states would enter as free and which ones as slaves. They compromised that there would be 16 free states and 15 slave states.

Question 38

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 38

Made it a felony charge to help runaway slaves get away or to not help the slave catchers get their slaves back. It costed $5 for every slave free and $10 dollars to get them back to their owners. This got the North involved in the institution of slavery.

Question 39

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 39

Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin which would become the most controversial book in US history. This book can be seen as one of the reasons for the civil war and was written in response to the fugitive slave act. Stowe highlights romanticism and did not attack the south.

Question 40

KN-NB Act

Answer 40

Also known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act, it created Nebraska as a free state and Kansas would become a battleground over the question if it was free or slave state. Produced a large amount of violence and would become known as Bleeding Kansas.

Question 41

John Brown

Answer 41

He killed 6 pro-slavery settlers in Kansas after the Brooks- Sumner attack and would later create the Harper’s Ferry fiasco in 1859. He was against slavery and wanted to help get them free, believed that violence was the only answer. His plan was to create his own army by going to Harper’s Ferry to get into arsenal. He would then move south, distributing guns to slaves to then have them kill their owners. He had an army of 21 men, but failed to realize that the weapons and bullets were in different places. Colonel Robert E. Lee went in and tried Brown for reason. Brown became an abolitionist martyr.

Question 42

Popular Soverignty

Answer 42

The theory that government is created by and subject of its people. This allows people to vote for what representatives they would like.

Question 43

Harper’s Ferry

Answer 43

His plan was to create his own army by going to Harper’s Ferry to get into arsenal. He would then move south, distributing guns to slaves to then have them kill their owners. He had an army of 21 men, but failed to realize that the weapons and bullets were in different places. Colonel Robert E. Lee went in and tried Brown for reason. Brown became an abolitionist martyr.

Question 44

Brooks-Sumner affair

Answer 44

Charles Sumner gave a speech attacking the morality of slave owners and called out Andrew Butler as the embodiment of slavery corruption. Preston Brooks then approached Charles Sumner and beat him over the head with a steel cane. He almost killed him and was deemed a southern hero and was sent canes to beat Sumner again.

Question 45

Dred Scott

Answer 45

A slave from Missouri whose original owner took him to Illinois, returned to Missouri, and then sold him and his wife to an individual who was against slavery. Dred Scott decided to sue his owner and attempted to overturn the Fugitive Slave Act. Chief Justice Roger Taney said that the Constitution ensured the property first and foremost and compared slaves to horses.

Question 46

1860 Elections

Answer 46

Instigated succession, The Democrat party split, and the Republican party came about and nominated Abraham Lincoln who they believed was not an abolitionist enough. This election caused South Carolina to succeed and is arguably one of the leading causes of the civil war.

Question 47

The CSA

Answer 47

The Confederate States of America was solidified after Fort Sumter attack. NC, VA, Arkansas, and Tennessee joined the CSA. Believed in keeping slavery.

Question 48

Ft. Sumter

Answer 48

The first attack in the civil war. The federal government tried to supply the fort and South Carolina fired.

Question 49

War’s Early Purpose

Answer 49

The beginning of the war dealt with Lincoln trying to stop the spread of slavery and preserving the union. He believed that states had no constitutional right to leave the union.

Question 50

Benjamin Butler

Answer 50

A Louisiana union general who argued that since slaves were being used in the front lines of the confederacy, when they reached union lines they could be called Contraband of War. This was the first time a union general refused to acknowledge the fugitive slave act.

Question 51

Rufus Saxton

Answer 51

Created the Saxton plan which authorized all free slaves to gain 2 acres of southern land and the government would provide potatoes, corn, and tools to cultivate their own crops. The only catch was that they had to use half an acre to plan cotton.

Question 52

September 17, 1862

Answer 52

This was the turning point of the war for the union. Up to this point the confederacy was winning until the battle of Antietam which became the bloodiest battle in American history. It was considered a draw but the confederacy withdrew. This gave Lincoln the opportunity to release the emancipation proclamation.

Question 53

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 53

This was a set deadline (Jan. 1, 1863) that said states in the confederacy had until that date to return to the union and retain their slaves. If they refused to return then all of the slaves in the rebelling states were free. This turned the war into a war to preserve slavery.

Question 54

NY Draft Riots

Answer 54

There was a lot of northern backlash to the Emancipation Proclamation and there were draft riots by poor whites who did not want to fight a war to emancipate the slaves.

Question 55

The MA 54th

Answer 55

The first and most famous black regiments in Massachusetts. There was a large percentage of free blacks that joined from the north but they could not become officers. There was a lot of discrepancies in what they were given, notably less than the whit soldiers. There was an income inequality that they fought against and congress allowed them to have the same amount of money as white soldiers. They were originally not used to fight in combat but they went on strike and would then be allowed to. They then were used in the forefronts as human shields and scared the confederates.

Question 56

Black Confederates

Answer 56

Confederate government made contracts with owners to use slaves for fortifications and ammunition factories. The slaves were compensated and used as a labor source. Black confederates were used as the lost cause narrative but they were not allowed to fight or given a pension.

Question 57

Appomattox

Answer 57

The battle in which the Confederacy had surrendered to the union and lost the Civil War.