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HIS of FS 102 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Raised platform (with or without a canopy) used for a body to lie in state

A

Catafalque

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2
Q

Catholic belief that those whose souls are not perfectly cleansed undergo a process of cleansing before they can enter heaven

A

Purgatorial Doctrine

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3
Q

formed in the Middle Ages by lay persons to bury the dead and to pray for the soul of the faithful departed and other pious practices

A

Leagues of Prayer

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4
Q

made necessary funeral arrangements

A

Steward of the Guild

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5
Q

mortuary fee paid to insure entrance of the decedent’s soul into heaven

A

Soul Shot

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6
Q

Middle Age custom of eating a load of bread and drinking a bowl of beer in the presence of the deceased transferred the sins to the participant - therefore the spirit wouldn’t wander

A

Sin-Eater

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7
Q

originated as an ancient Hebrew practice - family & friends sit with the deceased as a precaution against premature burial; continued as an act of piety in the Middle Ages

A

Wake (Middle Ages)

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8
Q

the wake also served as _____ to welcome the principal heirs to his new estate

A

Funeral Feasts

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9
Q

life-sized, waxen recreation (dummy) of the deceased

A

Effigy

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10
Q

great emphasis was placed on the need for sanitation due to…

A

Plagues / Black Death

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11
Q

Dates of the Great Plague of London

A

1664 - 1665

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12
Q

When did the concept of universal coffined burial begin?

A

Middle Ages

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13
Q

created in 1800s London by the “poor” people as a means to afford funerals; costs were shared by others via weekly collections; were the forerunners of industrial insurance

A

Burial Clubs

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14
Q

provided that woolen cloth should be substituted for linen in the shroud and in the lining of the coffin

A

Burial in Woolen Act of 1666

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15
Q

part of a Protestant influence that has since gone on to influence the Catholic church

A

Sprinkling a handful of dirt on corpse

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16
Q

originally called an under officer of the church who took care of the church property

A

Sexton

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17
Q

began in 1117 as dismembered fragments of the bodies of saints were preserved and regarded as holy relics with special prominence being given to the heart

A

Independent heart burial

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18
Q

noble/rich were sometimes brought back in parts, their bodies being cut up and boiled to extract the bones. These were placed in a chest and returned to the family

A

Independent bone burial

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19
Q

1540-1745 - sole agency permitted to embalm and perform anatomical dissections in the city of London

A

Barber-Surgeons

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20
Q

belief or practice of draining a quantity of blood to cure illness or disease

A

Bloodletting

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21
Q

the reformation beliefs which “trimmed” the Roman Catholic views of elaborate ceremony made funerals more affordabel

A

Decrease of Burial Clubs

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22
Q

the elaborate need for a “Requiem Mass” carrying the bier and religious paraphernalia went away under protestant Christianity

A

Decrease in Ostentation

23
Q

led to a need for better embalming methods & cadaver regulations

A

the development of the anatomist and surgeons

24
Q

peak of heraldry and pomp - resurrection of ceremony during the end of the Renaissance

A

Feudal funerals

25
Q

provided services of organizing and facilitating funeral details as an occupation

A

funeral undertaker

26
Q

the supplement to which The Practice of Interments in Towns, describes the burial customs of working people and the conditions of the interment of the dead

A

The Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population of Great Britain

27
Q

reported on unsanitary conditions in London created by intramural burials, the high cost of funerals, and the 1st use of the death certificate

A

Chadwick’s Report on intramural interments and burial practices

28
Q

saw death as natural as birth; treated with solemnity and dignity

A

New England Colonist

29
Q

an undertaker who only offered his services on occasion at funerals, but who also furnished other undertakers with necessary supplies and paraphernalia

A

furnishing undertaker

30
Q

predecessor to the undertaker

A

Layers out of the dead

31
Q

called personally upon those expected to attend funerals, often a municipal appointment - licensed and were to receive equal profits and were obligated to attend the burial of the poor without charge

A

Inviter to funerals

32
Q

superintendent of all mortuary necessities, city registrar of deaths, city messenger

A

Town Undertakers

33
Q

appeared in the first half of the 19th century

A

occupation of undertaker as a proper name and profession

34
Q

became a service industry choreographing many parts and individuals - dressing, placing in the casket, transportation to cemetery

A

funeral undertaker or undertaker

35
Q

provided supplies and merchandise to funeral undertakers who were dealing directly with the public - filled role of the middle man

A

Furnishing undertakers

36
Q

Coffin Shroud Warehouse of New York, first warehouse of its kind

A

John L Dillon

37
Q

patented in 1848 as form-fitting, airtight metallic coffin designed to improve ability to preserve the body; had a glass plate to allow for viewing of the face

A

Fisk Metallic Coffin

38
Q

MH Crane & JR Barnes

A

purchased rights from Fisk to do metallic coffins

39
Q

innovation introduced to square sided caskets in order to reduce the excess space and weight (particularly of metal caskets), characterized by an “S” shaped curvature

A

Ogee Design

40
Q

cloth covered coffin designed for ex-president US Grant - helped elevate acceptance of cloth covered caskets. Made with black broadcloth, heavy silver metal mountings, flat top, full French plate glass.

A

Style E State Casket

41
Q

1800s - three major type of burial receptacles - wooden coffin, metallic mummy case, and cloth-covered metal reinforced burial case; never truly accepted by the industry or public

A

Also Rans

42
Q

related to the concept of live burial concept - movement of hand or head cause coffin lid to spring open

A

Christian Eisenbrandt

43
Q

German professor credited as being the Father of Embalming - first successful system of arterial embalming using the Y incision to open both the thoracic and abdominal cavities and treat the organs

A

Frederick Ruysch

44
Q

chemist who wrote a book called the History of Embalming which contained actual instructions on how to embalm

A

Jean Gannal

45
Q

English physician who discovered the circulation of blood in 1628

A

Dr William Harvey

46
Q

discovery of bacteria in 1683, “Father of Bacteriology”

A

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

47
Q

those who practiced undertaking outside of legitimate professions

A

sawdust and tar

48
Q

method to apply a continuous flow of embalming solution via manual manipulation of a handheld mechanism

A

hand pump

49
Q

apparatus used to inject arterial fluid during the vascular (arterial) phase of embalming process; relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid (.43 lbs of pressure per foot of elevation)

A

gravity injector

50
Q

long hollow tube patented in 1868 by Samuel Roger (Philadelphia); used by embalmers to inject fluids into cavities and remove excess liquids

A

trocar

51
Q

Father of American Embalming

A

Dr Thomas Holmes

52
Q

1st patent for a process of embalming the body in 1856, mixture of arsenic and alcohol, electrically charging the body

A

J Anthony Gaussardia

53
Q

traveling salesman to promote the embalming chemicals

A

drummers

54
Q

founder of restorative art

A

Joel Crandall

HIS of FS 102 (2 decks)

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