Final Flashcards
What refers to the forces and motion of blood flow?
Hemodynamics
Which of the following is defined as resistance to flow of a fluid?
Viscosity
Poise (g/cm-s) is a unit of:
Viscosity
Which of the following can flow?
Gas and liquid
What would cause a fluid to flow?
- Different elevations between two points
- Different pressures between two points
- Pressure gradient between two points
The volumetric flow rate is equal to ____.
Pressure difference divided by the resistance
If flow resistance is doubled, volumetric flow rate is:
Halved
Flow resistance in a vessel depends on all of the following, except ??
- Vessel length
- Vessel radius
- Fluid viscosity
- Propagation speed in blood
Propagation speed in blood
Flow resistance decreases with an increase in which of the following?
Vessel radius
Flow resistance depends most strongly on which of the following?
Vessel radius
Poiseuille’s equation deals with a long straight rigid vessel without stenosis? T or F
True
According to Poiseuille’s equation, flow rate is dependent on which of the following?
Pressure difference Viscosity of the fluid Diameter of the tube Length of the tube All of the above
All of the above
According to Poiseuille’s equation, if vessel diameter decreases, the flow rate will increase. T or F
False
The volumetric flow rate is also equal to average flow velocity across the vessel multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the vessel.
T or F
True
Poiseuille’s equation predicts _____ in flow speed with a decrease in vessel radius
decrease
What type of blood flow demonstrates layers of fluid sliding over each other?
Laminar flow
Which of the following flow types is described as being random and chaotic, with reflectors moving at different speeds in many directions, even in circles called eddies?
Turbulent
Which of the following indicates degree or level of turbulence in a flow?
Reynolds number
If flow speed increases, the Reynolds number will be:
Increased
A nonsteady flow with acceleration and deceleration over the cardiac cycle is termed ___.
Pulsatile flow
With pulsatile flow, the relationship between the varying pressure and flow rate depends on:
Resistance
Vessel compliance
Inertia
All of the above
All of the above
____ describes the volumetric flow rate as a constant proximal to, at, and distal to a stenosis.
Continuity rule
According to continuity rule, the flow speed at the stenosis is:
Greater than the flow speed proximal to it
According to Bernoulli effect, the pressure at the stenosis is:
Less than the pressure proximal to it
The difference between the echo frequency returning from a moving scatterer and the emitted frequency is known as ____.
Doppler shift
The aorta becomes the abdominal aorta after?
It reaches the aortic hiatus on the diaphragm
The celiac axis bifurcates into which branches?
Left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery
The left gastric artery supplies the
left side of the lesser curvature of the stomach
The splenic artery supplies the
spleen, pancreas, and stomach
The common hepatic artery branches into the
gastroduodenal and proper hepatic arteries
The adrenal (or suprarenal) arteries branch off the aorta
between the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries
The inferoposterior pancreatic duodenal artery feeds the pancreatic head and duodenal area and is a branch of the
superior mesenteric artery
The gonadal arteries arise from the aorta superior to the
inferior mesenteric artery
The median sacral artery is superior to the
common iliac arteries
The average anteroposterior diameter of the adult abdominal aorta is
2 cm
Which aortic wall layer(s) is/are responsible for contraction and recoil?
Tunica media
Angiotensin II is a hormone that causes
vasoconstriction
Sonographically, in a longitudinal section, the abdominal aorta appears as a
pulsatile, tubular, anechoic lumen with bright, echogenic walls
The celiac artery (CA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F
True
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F
True
The renal arteries ( RA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F
True
The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F
False
The gonadal arteries can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F
False
The splenic artery (SPA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound
T or F
True
The common hepatic artery (CHA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F
true
The common iliac arteries can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F
true
The portal veins carry blood from the ______________ to the liver.
Intestinal tract
The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the:
Cystic artery
The portal venous system receives blood from all of the following except the:
Kidneys
What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
SMV
The duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by the:
GA
Which one of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?
SMA
The distribution of the superior mesenteric artery is to the:
Small intestine (1st) and the proximal half of colon
Which one of the following veins begins at the hilum of the spleen and is joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein?
Splenic
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
- The portal vein enters the lesser omentum.
- The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.
- The portal vein drains blood out of the gastrointestinal tract.
- The portal vein has an anastomosis with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.
The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.
The normal diameter of the aorta is less than ____millimeters (mm).
23 mm
Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrates thrombosis of the:
HV
The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:
Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum
The right renal artery passes_____ to the inferior vena cava (IVC).
posterior
The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the:
SMA
Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA?
Lt. renal vein
Renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta:
Inferior to the SMA
The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the:
Rt. Atrium
Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?
SMA
Which one of the following vascular structures relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail?
splenic vein
The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:
Common HA
The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is:
Arteriosclerosis
In patients with lower trunk and leg edema and a dilated IVC, a(n) _______________ should be suspected.
Atrioventricular fistula
The most common tumor to fill the IVC is:
Renal cell carcinoma
The clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and renal and liver problems may represent:
IVC thrombosis
Which one of the following statements is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis?
1.Renal size increases in the acute phase.
- Doppler flow increases.
- Loss of normal renal structure occurs.
- Direct visualization of thrombi in the renal vein and IVC is possible.
Doppler flow increases