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DMS 232 Intro to vascular sonography 2 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What refers to the forces and motion of blood flow?

A

Hemodynamics

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2
Q

Which of the following is defined as resistance to flow of a fluid?

A

Viscosity

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3
Q

Poise (g/cm-s) is a unit of:

A

Viscosity

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4
Q

Which of the following can flow?

A

Gas and liquid

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5
Q

What would cause a fluid to flow?

A
  1. Different elevations between two points
  2. Different pressures between two points
  3. Pressure gradient between two points
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6
Q

The volumetric flow rate is equal to ____.

A

Pressure difference divided by the resistance

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7
Q

If flow resistance is doubled, volumetric flow rate is:

A

Halved

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8
Q

Flow resistance in a vessel depends on all of the following, except ??

  • Vessel length
  • Vessel radius
  • Fluid viscosity
  • Propagation speed in blood
A

Propagation speed in blood

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9
Q

Flow resistance decreases with an increase in which of the following?

A

Vessel radius

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10
Q

Flow resistance depends most strongly on which of the following?

A

Vessel radius

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11
Q

Poiseuille’s equation deals with a long straight rigid vessel without stenosis? T or F

A

True

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12
Q

According to Poiseuille’s equation, flow rate is dependent on which of the following?

  Pressure difference 
  Viscosity of the fluid 
  Diameter of the tube 
  Length of the tube 
  All of the above
A

All of the above

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13
Q

According to Poiseuille’s equation, if vessel diameter decreases, the flow rate will increase. T or F

A

False

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14
Q

The volumetric flow rate is also equal to average flow velocity across the vessel multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the vessel.
T or F

A

True

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15
Q

Poiseuille’s equation predicts _____ in flow speed with a decrease in vessel radius

A

decrease

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16
Q

What type of blood flow demonstrates layers of fluid sliding over each other?

A

Laminar flow

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17
Q

Which of the following flow types is described as being random and chaotic, with reflectors moving at different speeds in many directions, even in circles called eddies?

A

Turbulent

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18
Q

Which of the following indicates degree or level of turbulence in a flow?

A

Reynolds number

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19
Q

If flow speed increases, the Reynolds number will be:

A

Increased

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20
Q

A nonsteady flow with acceleration and deceleration over the cardiac cycle is termed ___.

A

Pulsatile flow

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21
Q

With pulsatile flow, the relationship between the varying pressure and flow rate depends on:

Resistance
Vessel compliance
Inertia
All of the above

A

All of the above

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22
Q

____ describes the volumetric flow rate as a constant proximal to, at, and distal to a stenosis.

A

Continuity rule

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23
Q

According to continuity rule, the flow speed at the stenosis is:

A

Greater than the flow speed proximal to it

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24
Q

According to Bernoulli effect, the pressure at the stenosis is:

A

Less than the pressure proximal to it

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25
Q

The difference between the echo frequency returning from a moving scatterer and the emitted frequency is known as ____.

A

Doppler shift

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26
Q

The aorta becomes the abdominal aorta after?

A

It reaches the aortic hiatus on the diaphragm

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27
Q

The celiac axis bifurcates into which branches?

A

Left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery

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28
Q

The left gastric artery supplies the

A

left side of the lesser curvature of the stomach

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29
Q

The splenic artery supplies the

A

spleen, pancreas, and stomach

30
Q

The common hepatic artery branches into the

A

gastroduodenal and proper hepatic arteries

31
Q

The adrenal (or suprarenal) arteries branch off the aorta

A

between the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries

32
Q

The inferoposterior pancreatic duodenal artery feeds the pancreatic head and duodenal area and is a branch of the

A

superior mesenteric artery

33
Q

The gonadal arteries arise from the aorta superior to the

A

inferior mesenteric artery

34
Q

The median sacral artery is superior to the

A

common iliac arteries

35
Q

The average anteroposterior diameter of the adult abdominal aorta is

A

2 cm

36
Q

Which aortic wall layer(s) is/are responsible for contraction and recoil?

A

Tunica media

37
Q

Angiotensin II is a hormone that causes

A

vasoconstriction

38
Q

Sonographically, in a longitudinal section, the abdominal aorta appears as a

A

pulsatile, tubular, anechoic lumen with bright, echogenic walls

39
Q

The celiac artery (CA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F

A

True

40
Q

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F

A

True

41
Q

The renal arteries ( RA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F

A

True

42
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F

A

False

43
Q

The gonadal arteries can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F

A

False

44
Q

The splenic artery (SPA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound
T or F

A

True

45
Q

The common hepatic artery (CHA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F

A

true

46
Q

The common iliac arteries can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound.
T or F

A

true

47
Q

The portal veins carry blood from the ______________ to the liver.

A

Intestinal tract

48
Q

The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the:

A

Cystic artery

49
Q

The portal venous system receives blood from all of the following except the:

A

Kidneys

50
Q

What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

SMV

51
Q

The duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by the:

A

GA

52
Q

Which one of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

SMA

53
Q

The distribution of the superior mesenteric artery is to the:

A

Small intestine (1st) and the proximal half of colon

54
Q

Which one of the following veins begins at the hilum of the spleen and is joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein?

A

Splenic

55
Q

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. The portal vein enters the lesser omentum.
  2. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.
  3. The portal vein drains blood out of the gastrointestinal tract.
  4. The portal vein has an anastomosis with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.
A

The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.

56
Q

The normal diameter of the aorta is less than ____millimeters (mm).

A

23 mm

57
Q

Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrates thrombosis of the:

A

HV

58
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:

A

Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

59
Q

The right renal artery passes_____ to the inferior vena cava (IVC).

A

posterior

60
Q

The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the:

A

SMA

61
Q

Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA?

A

Lt. renal vein

62
Q

Renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta:

A

Inferior to the SMA

63
Q

The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the:

A

Rt. Atrium

64
Q

Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?

A

SMA

65
Q

Which one of the following vascular structures relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail?

A

splenic vein

66
Q

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:

A

Common HA

67
Q

The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is:

A

Arteriosclerosis

68
Q

In patients with lower trunk and leg edema and a dilated IVC, a(n) _______________ should be suspected.

A

Atrioventricular fistula

69
Q

The most common tumor to fill the IVC is:

A

Renal cell carcinoma

70
Q

The clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and renal and liver problems may represent:

A

IVC thrombosis

71
Q

Which one of the following statements is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis?
1.Renal size increases in the acute phase.

  1. Doppler flow increases.
  2. Loss of normal renal structure occurs.
  3. Direct visualization of thrombi in the renal vein and IVC is possible.
A

Doppler flow increases

DMS 232 Intro to vascular sonography 2 (2 decks)

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