Final Flashcards
Which of the following is not an element of Nonspecific Immunity?
Lymphocytes
Common blood tests will determine that an animal has cancer.
False
With active immunity, antibodies formed in one animal are transferred to another animal.
False
The type of white blood cell which produces antibodies is a ______________.
Plasma cell
Where do T-cells “go to college”?
Thymus
Which type of white blood cells is most commonly found within an acute inflammatory response and ingests foreign material through phagocytosis?
Neutrophils
With passive immunity, antibodies formed in one animal are transferred to another anima
True
What may be done to reduce an animal’s risk for developing cancer?
Maintaining them at a healthy weight
The thymus usually increases in size as an animal ages until death.
False
What is not a characteristic sign of inflammation?
wetness
Which of the following is not a typical symptom of cancer?
Overall weight gain
What type of immunity occurs when an animal’s own immune system encounters a pathogen and responds by producing an immune response?
Active immunity
Antigen binding sites are not a part of an immunoglobulin.
False
Blood flow through a patent ductus arteriosus in a two-week old puppy is most commonly:
From the aorta to the pulmonary artery
Which of the following is not one of the diagnostic tests used when evaluating the cardiovascular system?
Laparoscopy
In the fetus, the foramen ovale allows blood to bypass the lungs by flowing:
from the right atrium to the left atrium
The prepatency period for heartworms in dogs is roughly __________?
6-8 months
Which of the following is a diuretic, frequently used to reduce the circulatory blood volume:
Furosemide
Features of atrial fibrillation include all of the following EXCEPT:
A slow heart rate
Which of the following drugs is an example of an ACE inhibitor, frequently used for vasodilation in patients with congestive heart failure:
Enalapril
Which animal is most likely to be infected with canine heartworms, Dirofilaria immitis
Middle-age, male, outdoor dog
The “lub” heart sound is caused by:
The closing of the artioventricular valves
The most common cardiac disease of the cat is:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Two of the more common types of cardiac neoplasms that dogs get are:
hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma
Endocardiosis, or degenerative valvular disease, in dogs most commonly affects the:
Left atrioventricular valve
Cats with thromboembolism most often present with all of the following EXCEPT:
Bounding pulses
The intermediate host for Dirofilaria immitis is the:
Mosquito
You should advise clients that it is alright to leave pets in a vehicle on a hot day as long as the windows are cracked open a little bit.
False
Hypovolemia means
There is a decreased amount of fluid in the vascular system
A persistent right aortic arch most commonly results in:
Megaesophagus
Cats are equally as likely to get heartworms as dogs?
False
A dietary deficiency that has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in cats is:
Taurine deficiency
Two of the most common causes of hypertension in cats are:
Renal disease and hyperthyroidism
The “dub” heart sound is caused by:
The closing of the semilunar valves
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein
Which of the following statements about heartworm disease is true
Sudden death can occur in infected cats
The characteristic murmur of a patent ductus arteriosus is described as:
Washing machine (machinery)
Blood backing up within the arteries will increase blood pressure
True
Common medications used to treat intestinal roundworms and hookworms include:
Fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate
Other than the tapeworm, what intestinal parasite may be seen with the naked eye?
Roundworm
Feline panleukopenia virus is closely related to what other virus?
Canine parvovirus
A laboratory examination of a patient with diarrhea should always include _________.
a fecal examination for intestinal parasites.
Gingivitis is a reversible disease
True
Diet changes should be made __________.
Gradually, over the course of a week.
Esophagitis can be best visualized using ________.
Endoscopy
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates in the digestive tract?
Amylase
Two enzymes which are secreted by the stomach to aid in digestion are _________.
Hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
A distended, gas filled stomach, with a gas filled pylorus displaced dorsally and cranially to the fundus, in a large breed dog with non-productive retching, is most likely caused by _________.
gastric dilatation and volvulus
An essential component of pancreatitis treatment is
pain control
An examination of what is needed to confirm canine parvovirus diagnosis?
feces
IBD in dogs can inhibit the absorption of nutrients.
True
Which of the following statements is true?
The distal portion of the esophagus in cats contains smooth muscle.
An increased trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) test indicates dysfunction of the __________?
Pancreas
How is canine parvovirus typically spread?
fecal-oral route
An intussusception is best described as __________.
one portion of the intestine telescoping into an adjacent portion of the intestine
What is a typical presentation of a dog with pancreatitis?
History of dietary indiscretion or a high fat meal with subsequent anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, dehydration, and abdominal pain.
Puppies are typically vaccinated against parvo…
Every 3-4 weeks starting at 6-8 weeks of age
Which pancreatic marker can best evaluate both pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI)
Normal function of the liver include all of the following except _________.
removing carbon dioxide and adding oxygen to red blood cells
There is a cure for feline inflammatory bowel disease.
False
Chyle filled lacteals and intestinal lymphatics are features of ______________.
Intestinal lymphangectasia
Gastric dilatation and volvulus is most commonly a disease of _________.
large and giant breed dogs
Pancreatitis is caused by _________________.
diets high in fat
There are many treatments available for progressive retinal atrophy.
False
Which of the following is not a possible cause of Cushing’s disease:
Iatorgenic caused by prolonged nephrotoxic antibiotic use
Patients can have low thyroid hormone levels due to medications or non-thyroidal illnesses (euthyroid sick syndrome).
True
Treatments for hyperadrenocorticism include:
lysodren, trilostane, or adrenalectomy
Glucose cannot be transferred from the bloodstream to the body’s cells without what hormone?
Insulin
T4 and fT4 levels in a dog with hypothyroidism will most likely be ________________.
lower than normal
Which of the following conditions will not cause mucopurulent discharge from the eye?
Progressive retinal atrophy
An older cat with dramatic weight loss, polyphagia, hyperactivity, and excessive grooming would likely have which of the following conditions:
hyperthyroidism
Pannus is thought to have a(n) _______________ etiology
immune-mediated
What is another name for keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
Dry eye
What is the best description of an indolent corneal ulcer
superficial ulcer which fails to heal
Dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism most often have ______________.
no clinical signs
Which of the following statements regarding epiphora is false?
Treatment is reliant on identifying and correcting the primary cause.
Treatments for feline hyperthyroidism include:
methimazaole, radioactive iodine, surgery, and dietary
Which is NOT a symptom of diabetes?
Increased activity level
Central diabetes insipidus is characterized by
A decrease in the production of ADH
Hyperadrenocorticism, or Cushing’s disease, is caused by
an increase in cortisol production by the adrenal glands
What type of dog is most likely to present with hypoadrenocorticism?
middle aged females
With entropion, the eyelids would tend to:
Roll inward toward the cornea
What instrument is used to measure IOP
tonometer
Detection of ketones in the blood and urine of a dog with diabetes is _____________.
indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis
A grey opacity visible through the pupillary opening is seen with ___________.
cataracts
