Final Flashcards
Which of the following is not an element of Nonspecific Immunity?
Lymphocytes
Common blood tests will determine that an animal has cancer.
False
With active immunity, antibodies formed in one animal are transferred to another animal.
False
The type of white blood cell which produces antibodies is a ______________.
Plasma cell
Where do T-cells “go to college”?
Thymus
Which type of white blood cells is most commonly found within an acute inflammatory response and ingests foreign material through phagocytosis?
Neutrophils
With passive immunity, antibodies formed in one animal are transferred to another anima
True
What may be done to reduce an animal’s risk for developing cancer?
Maintaining them at a healthy weight
The thymus usually increases in size as an animal ages until death.
False
What is not a characteristic sign of inflammation?
wetness
Which of the following is not a typical symptom of cancer?
Overall weight gain
What type of immunity occurs when an animal’s own immune system encounters a pathogen and responds by producing an immune response?
Active immunity
Antigen binding sites are not a part of an immunoglobulin.
False
Blood flow through a patent ductus arteriosus in a two-week old puppy is most commonly:
From the aorta to the pulmonary artery
Which of the following is not one of the diagnostic tests used when evaluating the cardiovascular system?
Laparoscopy
In the fetus, the foramen ovale allows blood to bypass the lungs by flowing:
from the right atrium to the left atrium
The prepatency period for heartworms in dogs is roughly __________?
6-8 months
Which of the following is a diuretic, frequently used to reduce the circulatory blood volume:
Furosemide
Features of atrial fibrillation include all of the following EXCEPT:
A slow heart rate
Which of the following drugs is an example of an ACE inhibitor, frequently used for vasodilation in patients with congestive heart failure:
Enalapril
Which animal is most likely to be infected with canine heartworms, Dirofilaria immitis
Middle-age, male, outdoor dog
The “lub” heart sound is caused by:
The closing of the artioventricular valves
The most common cardiac disease of the cat is:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Two of the more common types of cardiac neoplasms that dogs get are:
hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma
Endocardiosis, or degenerative valvular disease, in dogs most commonly affects the:
Left atrioventricular valve
Cats with thromboembolism most often present with all of the following EXCEPT:
Bounding pulses
The intermediate host for Dirofilaria immitis is the:
Mosquito
You should advise clients that it is alright to leave pets in a vehicle on a hot day as long as the windows are cracked open a little bit.
False
Hypovolemia means
There is a decreased amount of fluid in the vascular system
A persistent right aortic arch most commonly results in:
Megaesophagus
Cats are equally as likely to get heartworms as dogs?
False
A dietary deficiency that has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in cats is:
Taurine deficiency
Two of the most common causes of hypertension in cats are:
Renal disease and hyperthyroidism
The “dub” heart sound is caused by:
The closing of the semilunar valves
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein
Which of the following statements about heartworm disease is true
Sudden death can occur in infected cats
The characteristic murmur of a patent ductus arteriosus is described as:
Washing machine (machinery)
Blood backing up within the arteries will increase blood pressure
True
Common medications used to treat intestinal roundworms and hookworms include:
Fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate
Other than the tapeworm, what intestinal parasite may be seen with the naked eye?
Roundworm
Feline panleukopenia virus is closely related to what other virus?
Canine parvovirus
A laboratory examination of a patient with diarrhea should always include _________.
a fecal examination for intestinal parasites.
Gingivitis is a reversible disease
True
Diet changes should be made __________.
Gradually, over the course of a week.
Esophagitis can be best visualized using ________.
Endoscopy
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates in the digestive tract?
Amylase
Two enzymes which are secreted by the stomach to aid in digestion are _________.
Hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
A distended, gas filled stomach, with a gas filled pylorus displaced dorsally and cranially to the fundus, in a large breed dog with non-productive retching, is most likely caused by _________.
gastric dilatation and volvulus
An essential component of pancreatitis treatment is
pain control
An examination of what is needed to confirm canine parvovirus diagnosis?
feces
IBD in dogs can inhibit the absorption of nutrients.
True
Which of the following statements is true?
The distal portion of the esophagus in cats contains smooth muscle.
An increased trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) test indicates dysfunction of the __________?
Pancreas
How is canine parvovirus typically spread?
fecal-oral route
An intussusception is best described as __________.
one portion of the intestine telescoping into an adjacent portion of the intestine
What is a typical presentation of a dog with pancreatitis?
History of dietary indiscretion or a high fat meal with subsequent anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, dehydration, and abdominal pain.
Puppies are typically vaccinated against parvo…
Every 3-4 weeks starting at 6-8 weeks of age
Which pancreatic marker can best evaluate both pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI)
Normal function of the liver include all of the following except _________.
removing carbon dioxide and adding oxygen to red blood cells
There is a cure for feline inflammatory bowel disease.
False
Chyle filled lacteals and intestinal lymphatics are features of ______________.
Intestinal lymphangectasia
Gastric dilatation and volvulus is most commonly a disease of _________.
large and giant breed dogs
Pancreatitis is caused by _________________.
diets high in fat
There are many treatments available for progressive retinal atrophy.
False
Which of the following is not a possible cause of Cushing’s disease:
Iatorgenic caused by prolonged nephrotoxic antibiotic use
Patients can have low thyroid hormone levels due to medications or non-thyroidal illnesses (euthyroid sick syndrome).
True
Treatments for hyperadrenocorticism include:
lysodren, trilostane, or adrenalectomy
Glucose cannot be transferred from the bloodstream to the body’s cells without what hormone?
Insulin
T4 and fT4 levels in a dog with hypothyroidism will most likely be ________________.
lower than normal
Which of the following conditions will not cause mucopurulent discharge from the eye?
Progressive retinal atrophy
An older cat with dramatic weight loss, polyphagia, hyperactivity, and excessive grooming would likely have which of the following conditions:
hyperthyroidism
Pannus is thought to have a(n) _______________ etiology
immune-mediated
What is another name for keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
Dry eye
What is the best description of an indolent corneal ulcer
superficial ulcer which fails to heal
Dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism most often have ______________.
no clinical signs
Which of the following statements regarding epiphora is false?
Treatment is reliant on identifying and correcting the primary cause.
Treatments for feline hyperthyroidism include:
methimazaole, radioactive iodine, surgery, and dietary
Which is NOT a symptom of diabetes?
Increased activity level
Central diabetes insipidus is characterized by
A decrease in the production of ADH
Hyperadrenocorticism, or Cushing’s disease, is caused by
an increase in cortisol production by the adrenal glands
What type of dog is most likely to present with hypoadrenocorticism?
middle aged females
With entropion, the eyelids would tend to:
Roll inward toward the cornea
What instrument is used to measure IOP
tonometer
Detection of ketones in the blood and urine of a dog with diabetes is _____________.
indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis
A grey opacity visible through the pupillary opening is seen with ___________.
cataracts
If a cat presents with PU, PD, PP and its hocks are dragging on the exam table (plantigrade stance) while the cat walks around, what disease would you be most suspicious of?
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypothyroidism is more prevalent in __________________
middle aged female dogs
What is not a sign of diabetes mellitus in pets?
itching
The disease in which a dogs immune system attacks and destroys its own erythrocytes is called ________________.
IMHA
Which of the following statements is true regarding feline leukemia?
Felines are at risk for exposure when they cuddle with and groom each other.
Humans can get ringworm from animals.
True
A vaccine is no longer available for prevention of feline leukemia.
False
Histopathology is needed to grade mast cell tumors.
True
In small numbers, demodex mites are part of the normal flora in dogs.
True
The most common hematopoietic tumor in both dogs and cats is lymphoma.
True
What from of the flea contains the antigen which causes flea allergy dermatitis?
Saliva
The etiologic agent which causes ringworm is a _________________.
fungus
IMHA most commonly occurs in:
female dogs
What is the most efficient way to diagnose feline ear mites?
visualize them with an otoscope
A neoplasm which can be caused by infection with feline leukemia virus is:
Lymphoma
Common locations for flea allergy dermatitis include
tailhead, lower back, and inner thighs
Sarcoptes mange is zoonotic.
True
Demodectic mange is zoonotic.
False
Treatment for Feline Leukemia is mainly supportive and may include a blood transfusion due to anemia
True
Lyme disease is transmitted by fleas
False
Pyoderma is a general term meaning:
bacterial infection of the skin
Curative treatments are available for feline leukemia virus.
False
What is used to make a definite diagnosis of ringworm?
DTM (Dermatophyte test medium)
Which medication is most commonly used in treating feline ear mites?
Tresaderm
Cats with a progressive infection with feline leukemia virus can not the virus and will be infected for life
True
What is the scientific name for ear mites?
Odectes cynotis
It is important to treat all animals in the household for ear mites if one of your pets is infected.
True
Histiocytomas are skin tumors which can appear similar to other skin tumors, but can spontaneously regress.
True
What disease is characterized by a sudden onset of ataxia, disorientation, head tilt, and rapid involuntary eye movements?
vestibular disease
Name a disease, other than persistent right aortic arch, which can cause megaesophagus?
Myasthenia gravis
What type of intervertebral disc disease to chondrodystrophic (long backs and short legs) breeds most commonly get?
Type I
What is the treatment for avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
Excisional arthroplasty
A small breed dog with “skipping lameness” would most likely have
patellar luxation
Which of the following medications are commonly used to manage epilipsy? Select all that apply.
potassium bromide, phenobarbital
A specialized bone biopsy needle is beneficial when trying to obtain a bone biopsy from a patient suspected of having osteosarcoma.
True
To try to remember the common locations of osteosarcomas, which of the following statements is correct?
Away from the elbow, towards the knee
What is the best way to diagnose intervertebral disc disease?
MRI
Which best describes status epilepticus?
a prolonged seizure
Neither a vaccine or curative treatment is available for canine distemper
false
What best describes the epiphyseal cartilage in a dog with OCD?
thickened and split
What endocrine disease should be considered in a cat that has PU/PD that presents with a plantigrade posture (hocks touching the ground)?
diabetes mellitus
What is another name for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
If the meniscus is torn with a cruciate ligament injury, the damaged portion of the meniscus should be removed as part of the cruciate ligament repair.
True
What test is used by specialty practices to evaluate hearing?
BAER
Canine distemper can be diagnosed with __________.
PCR
What organ are we most interested in monitoring in dogs on phenobarbital therapy?
Liver
What are fractures that occur across growth plates called?
Salter Harris
What are some clinical signs of facial nerve paralysis?
Ear, eyelid, and lip drooping
Which spinal cord disease is caused by an embolism which obstructs the blood supply to the spinal cord?
FCE
What is stabismus?
The abnomal positioning of the eye in the orbit
What type of breed is mostly likely to have hip dysplasia?
Large breed dog
A self-limiting musculoskeletal disease characterized by shifting leg lameness is _________________.
panosteitis
For which musculoskeletal disease is a drawer sign used in making the diagnosis.
Cruciate ligament injury
Curative treatments are available for feline leukemia virus
False
Cats are expected to get very ill, but recover, when infected with Toxoplasma gondii
False
Which feline disease may be detected using a canine ELISA test:
Panleukopenia
Which type of pyometra is it when the pus or abnormal discharge can drain from the uterus through the vagina and is often seen on the skin/hair/tail/bedding?
Open pyometra
The word “leukopenia” means ____________.
all white shortage
Rabies is caused by:
a virus that attacks the nervous system
What can be done to reduce a cat’s risk of contracting FIV?
Keeping the cat indoors
Canine parvovirus typically causes what type of diarrhea?
Bloody
Rocky mountain spotted fever is spread by ____________.
Dermacentor ticks
Which of the following is one of the species most likely to carry rabies?
Bats
Toxoplasmosis can be transmitted by ______________________.
fecal-orally and by ingestion of meat from an infected intermediate host
Lyme disease can be transmitted to dogs, cats, and humans by which parasite.
A tick
Feline panleukopenia virus can survives in the environment for (choose the longest time possible)?
one year or longer
When monitoring for parturition in dogs using twice daily temperature checks, a decrease in body temperature by 1-2 degrees F would indicate parturition would most likely occur when?
within an hour
The definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii is
the cat
Rabies is present in wild and domestic animals in Hawaii
False
A dog with icterus will have ___________ mucous membranes
Yellow
A cat infected with FIV may not exhibit symptoms of the disease for a long time.
True
If the testicles of a male dog or cat do not descend into the scrotum, they are said to be ________________.
cryptorchid
Which cell types are not commonly attacked by canine parvovirus?
Renal tubular cells
Administration of fluids by which route is most appropriate for a puppy with canine parvovirus.
intravenous
Which feline virus can cause a false positive upon testing due to maternal antibodies?
FIV
What is a good way to treat an animal for obesity?
Establish a gradual timeline for weight los
A dog that recovers from canine distemper may continue to shed the virus for ____ months.
3
Clinical signs of eclampsia are caused by __________.
Low calcium
Infection with which feline upper respiratory tract pathogen is most commonly associated with arthritis or limping syndrome
feline calcivirus
Feline asthma can be transmitted through the air.
False
The most common systemic mycotic disease in cats is caused by
Cryptococcus
The best way to diagnose stenotic nares is with a radiograph.
False
Feline asthma is a short term disease and will not reoccur
False
If a veterinarian aspirates fluid from the thoracic cavity of an overweight cat, and the fluid is white to light pink and milky, the condition the cat has is most likely ___________.
chylothorax
An orthopneic posture can be best described as ________________.
when the cat stretches its neck and abducts its elbows
What the different types of blastomycosis?
Pulmonary, disseminated, localized cutaneous
Primary lung tumors are common in dogs and cats.
False
All cats that are infected with Dirofilaria immitis will show symptoms.
False
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The bordetella vaccine is 100% effective in protecting dogs from kennel cough.
The accumulation of air in the pleural space, which collapses the lung, is called ______________.
pneumothorax
What type of microorganism is Bordetella bronchiseptica?
Bacteria
Two bacterial causes of pneumonia in dogs include
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus canis
In long nose dogs, which of the below fungi would most likely be a cause of rhinitis?
Asperigillus sp.
Aerosolized medications can be used in treating cats with asthma.
True
What test can allow for optimal of treatment of bacterial rhinitis in a dog or cat?
Culture and sensitivity
In general, coughing causes irritation of the airways that could lead to more coughing
True
Corneal ulcers can be seen with feline viral respiratory infections.
True
What are the four components of brachycephalic syndrome?
short (compressed) head, stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules
Canine collapsing trachea has a curable treatment.
False
The life span of the adult Dirofilaria immitis in the cat is approximately ____________.
2 years
If a dog rapidly inhales through its nose, often repeatedly, this is called a _____________.
reverse sneeze
Pleural effusion is more characteristic of failure of which side of the heart.
Right
A history of a voice change and quality in animals should raise concerns over the possibility of an infection with what virus?
Rabies
What is the newly available test that detects kidney disease earlier?
SDMA
In cats that present with the gait disturbance of cervical ventriflexion, which electrolyte needs to be checked?
Potassium
What is the life expectancy for a dogs diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma that do and don’t receive treatment?
With treatment: 6-12 months; without treatment 4-6 months
What is the best antidote for ethylene glycol toxicosis?
Fomepizole (4-Methylpyrazole)
What is the salvage surgical procedure for recurring urethral obstruction in a cat?
Perineal urethrostomy
Which of the following in NOT a function of the kidneys?
Producing insulin
All of these are potential causes of feline lower urinary tract disease EXCEPT:
Ringworm
What is the primary treatment for acute renal failure in most general veterinary practices?
IV fluids and supportive care
The development of which type of urolith is often caused by an infection with bacteria which produce urease enzymes?
magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)
What breed of dog is classically predisposed to developing urate uroliths?
Dalmatians
What is the typical signalment of a cat with FLUTD?
Obese male cat eating a dry diet
Potassium is typically _________ with acute renal failure and ____________ with chronic renal failure.
high, low
Within what time frame do dogs and cats need to be treated with Fomepizole (4 - methylpyrazole) in order for it to be effective?
Dogs need to be treated within 8-12 hours of ingestion; cats need to be treated with 3 hours of ingestion
Leptospirosis __________________.
is a bacteria that causes acute renal failure
_____________________ is the absence of urine
Anuria
What types of crystals can be found in the urinalysis of an animal with ethylene glycol toxicosis?
calcium oxalate monohydrate
Which of the following drugs can be nephrotoxic?
Amikacin
A dog or cat with an obstructed urethra would be expected to have __________________
post-renal azotemia
Bacteria like to live in an alkaline environment, which has a pH higher than ____________.
7
What type of epithelial cell is responsible for the most common type of bladder cancer?
transitional
Which one of the following is a collection of conditions associated with the bladder and urethra in cats?
FLUTD
Bladder stones _________________________________.
are rock-like minerals found in the bladder
How could future bladder stones be best avoided?
Dietary management
Which is true regarding BOTH acute and chronic renal failure
Symptoms include loss of appetite, vomiting or diarrhea.
Which of the following lab panels would match a cat in chronic renal failure?
Increased BUN and Creatinine, decreased USG
