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Dan's final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Visible mass to include lymphadenopathy and metastasis

A

GTV

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2
Q

Subclinical malignant disease

A

CTV

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3
Q

To include all geometric variations (ITV+SM)

A

PTV

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4
Q

Volume to include motion (CTV+IM)

A

ITV

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5
Q

Normal tissue at risk of radiation damage

A

OAR

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6
Q

Tissue that receives a dose that is considered significant in relation to normal tissue tolerance

A

IrV

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7
Q

Isodose levels are modified by changing the energy, field size, beam arrangements, and beam modifiers to produce a desired dose distribution.

A

True

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8
Q

As source size increases the Penumbra

A

Increases

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9
Q

As SSD increases the penumbra

A

Increases

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10
Q

As SDD increase the Penumbra

A

Decreases

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11
Q

Some MLC’s create a lot of penumbra when the leaves are mounted on diverging carriages

A

False

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12
Q

What is the most often used type of DVH graph?

A

Cumulative

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13
Q

Which DVH graphs the volume of a structure receiving dose within a specified dose interval?

A

Differential

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14
Q

Normalization point is the point chosen by the planner where the ____% Isodose line is placed

A

100%

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15
Q

Which energy would give the most skin sparring?

A

18MV

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16
Q

Does dose falloff more rapidly with photons or electrons?

A

electrons

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17
Q

Does using more beams result in better homogeneity or worse homogeneity?

A

Better

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18
Q

Cerrobend blocks have more field conformality than MLC’s due to the

A

MLC leaf size

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19
Q

Single field treatment techniques are usually used for this type of treatment

A

T-Spine

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20
Q

A disadvantage of a parallel opposed treatment planning technique is

A

entry and exit dose

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21
Q

An advantage of using a four field technique is

A

max dose decreases

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22
Q

What does VMAT stand for?

A

Volumetric modulated arc therapy

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23
Q

A commonly used treatment site that uses a matching field technique is

A

craniospinal

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24
Q

The angle through which an isodose curve is tilted at the central ray of a beam at specified depth(usually 10cm) is called the

A

wedge angle

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25
Q

The wedge factor is the ratio of the doses with and without the wedge inserted at a specified depth.

A

True

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26
Q

Which type of wedge uses the motion of the collimator jaw or leaves during treatment delivery to modify the dose distribution.

A

Enhanced dynamic wedge

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27
Q

MLC’s can create island blocks. T or F

A

False

28
Q

Cerrobend blocks are composed of

A

Pb, tin, cadmium, bismuth

29
Q

The melting point for cerrobend is.

A

158 degrees

30
Q

What type of beam modifiers can be used to address tissue irregularities for sloping surfaces but today can also be used for tissue inhomogeneities inside the body

A

Compensators

31
Q

Bolus is used primarily to

A

Bring dose to the surface for treating superficial lesions.

32
Q

As electrons energy increases, skin dose

A

Increases

33
Q

Energy/2

A

Practical range

34
Q

Energy/3

A

80% isodose line

35
Q

Energy/4

A

90% isodose line

36
Q

Pb cutout thickness for on skin electron blocking should be at least

A

MeV/2 in mm of Pb

37
Q

Data registration and fusion are geometric alignment of images with one another. T or F

A

True

38
Q

Axial scanning provides better resolution but helical scanning is faster and delivers less dose. T or F

A

True

39
Q

CT scans are used to create DRR’s. T or F

A

True

40
Q

PET scans provide information about physiology rather than anatomy. T or F

A

True

41
Q

Most common PET radionuclide is

A

FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose)

42
Q

What are the 2 main types of image registrations?

A

Rigid and deformable

43
Q

What is the main advantage for using deformable registration

A

patient position does not have to be the same

44
Q

What best describes an IMRT Treatment?

A

Delivers non uniform fluence from different beams angles to generate a non uniform dose distribution

45
Q

IMRT planning assigns non uniform intensities or weights to small subdivisions of beams referred to as:

A

Beamlets

46
Q

IMRT is delivered most commonly using

A

MLC’s

47
Q

When treating using IMRT and using a step and shoot technique the leaves do not move when the beam is on. T or F

A

True

48
Q

When treating using VMAT technique radiation is delivered to the target while simultaneously moving the MLC’s and the gantry. T or F.

A

True

49
Q

SRS treatment is usually given in 5 fractions. T or F

A

False

50
Q

Isodose levels are modified by changing the energy, field size, beam arrangements, beam modifiers, etc., to produce a desired dose distribution

A

Isodose Distribution

51
Q

Isodose levels are lines that pass-through points of equal dose expressed as a % relative to a reference point

A

Isodose Level Parameters

52
Q

Two-dimensional graph showing dose delivered to volumes of interest.

A

Dose Volume Histogram, (DVH)

53
Q

(Most often used) graphs the volume(in the y-axis that receives the corresponding dose or more in the x-axis

A

Cumulative DVH

54
Q

Graphs the volume of a structure receiving dose within a specified dose interval

A

Differential DVH

55
Q

Cerrobend blocks have more field conformality than MLC’s due to the leaf size. T or F.

A

True

56
Q

Desired modification in the spatial distribution of radiation by insertion of any material in the beam path

A

Beam modifiers

57
Q

Eliminates radiation dose to certain parts of an area where the beam is directed

A

Shielding

58
Q

Allows normal dose to certain parts of an area where the beam is directed

A

Compensation

59
Q

allows for a tilt in the radiation isodose curves

A

Wedge

60
Q

Where the distribution of the beam is altered by reducing the central exposure area relative to the peripheral

A

Flattening

61
Q

Wedges are commonly made of

A

Pb or Steel

62
Q

Angle between isodose curve and central axis

A

Wedge angle

63
Q

Ratio of doses with and without the wedge inserted at a specified depth

A

Wedge factor

64
Q

Disadvantages of MLC’s include

A

Island blocking
Jagged field boundary
Field matching difficult
Penumbra is larger

65
Q

Cerrobend blocks composed of

A

Bismuth, cadmium, lead, and tin

66
Q

Used to bring dose to the surface for treating superficial lesions

A

Bolus

Dan's final (1 decks)

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