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EP Science Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the widely used classification system for anti arrhythmic drugs (ADD)

A

Vaughan Williams Classification

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2
Q

True/false - antiarrhythmic drugs are generally considered potential cardiac toxins and must be used with caution

A

True

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3
Q

Almost all antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) have potentials for producing_____

A

Proarrhythmia

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4
Q

What is “proarrhythmia”

A

The potential life threatening ventricular tachycardia or Ventricular fibrillation including torsades de pointes.”,

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5
Q

Class I AAD is (a) sodium channel blocker (b) beta blocker (c) potassium channel blocker (d) calcium channel blocker (e) digitalis agent

A

(A) sodium channel blocker

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6
Q

Class II AAD is

A

Beta blocker

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7
Q

Class III AAD is

A

Potassium channel blocker

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8
Q

Class IV AAD is

A

Calcium channel blocker

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9
Q

Procaine mode is what class

A

Class Ia

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10
Q

Lidocaine and Mexiletine are what class

A

Class Ib

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11
Q

Propafenone & Flecanide are what class

A

Class Ic

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12
Q

What AAD drug class is Amiodarone?

A

Class III - potassium channel blocker

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13
Q

What drug class does Metoprolol, Labetelol, Atenolol & Nadolol belong to?

A

Class II - beta blockers

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14
Q

AAD class Ib drug, lidocaine, only has an effect on ventricular tachyarrhythmias

A

True

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15
Q

Antiarrhythmic drugs are better than ICDs in preventing sudden arrhythmic death (T/F)

A

False - ICDs are better

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16
Q

The responsibility for the administration of IV drugs in the EP lab lies with the ________

A

Registered nurse

17
Q

The drug most regularly used in the EP lab as a heart stimulant is _______

A

Isoproterenol (isuprel)

18
Q

Infusion measurement of isoproterenol is given in _____

A

Micrograms/min

19
Q

Warfarin must be discontinued no fewer than ______ days prior to surgery/EP procedure.

A

Five (5)

20
Q

Name 4 elements of the patient medical chart that must be reviewed as part of the pre-procedure evaluation

A

1) H & P
2) EKG
3) blood lab values
4) informed consent

21
Q

Name two sedatives commonly used In the EP lab

A

1) versed (midazolam)

2) Valium (diazepam)

22
Q

Name 2 narcotics commonly used in the EP lab

A

Fentanyl
Morphine
Demerol

23
Q

What is the reversal drug for sedatives

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

24
Q

What is the reversal drug for narcotics

A

Naloxone (narcan)

25
Q

What are the elements of a joint commission mandated ‘time-out’ to be performed prior to procedure

A

1) where the patient has been prepped and draped
2) team pauses and confirms patient
3) right procedure
4) right site

26
Q

What was the first type of ablation performed?

A

DC shock, using 250 joules, 2000-4000 volts at the catheter tip

27
Q

What ablative energy is now widely used throughout the US?

A

Radio frequency

28
Q

Does radio frequency use DC or AC current?

A

AC current

29
Q

What temperatures in RF ablation cause irreversible tissue injury?

A

45-50 degrees Celsius

30
Q

What 2 mechanisms of hearing are employed at RF ablation?

A

1) resistive

2) conductive

31
Q

Can you create lesion if you have no tissue contact?

A

No

32
Q

Where is the hottest spot during RF ablation?

A

Not at the interface between the tip and the tissue, however the hottest spot is 1-2 minting the tissue

33
Q

What value is a sensitive and specific indicator of contact and lesion quality

A

Impedance

34
Q

What is a steam pop?

A

Vaporization of water of cardiac tissues from high temperatures (inadequate cooling) and an explosion which can be audibly heard and physically felt

35
Q

Does a larger electrode size create a larger lesion radius?

A

Yes, according to 1990 study

36
Q

What is the benefit of irrigated catheter vs non-irrigated catheter

A

Better temperature management, blood convection, and constant irrigation carries heat away, cools electrode and tissue surface

37
Q

Which catheter will offer a deeper lesion, and more effective larger lesion, irrigated or non -irrigated

A

Irrigated

38
Q

Is a cryo ablation lesion bigger or smaller compared to RF ablation lesions?

A

Cryo produces smaller lesions

39
Q

What is the advantage of cryo ablation compared to RF ablation?

A

Cryo produces smaller lesions

EP Science Final (1 decks)

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