Final Flashcards
three acts of the mind
- Understanding, 2. Judgment, 3. Reasoning
understanding
comprehending the object of a thought
reasoning
predicating something of a term
judgment
asserting the truth of an argument
Aristotle’s 6 rules of validity
- three terms per syllogism
- three premises per syllogism
- middle term distributed at least 1x
- no undistributed term in premise can be distributed in conclusion
- no more than 1 negative premise
- a negative premise means a negative conclusion
Name the corresponding fallacy:
three terms per syllogism
fallacy of 4(+) terms
Name the corresponding fallacy:
middle term must be distributed at least 1x
undistributed middle
Name the corresponding fallacy:
no undistributed term in premise can be distributed in conclusion
illicit major (minor)
Name the corresponding fallacy:
no more than 1 negative premise
fallacy of 2(+) negative premises
Aristotle’s ten categories
- substance
- quality
- quantity
- relation
- place
- time
- posture
- possession
- action
- passion
Mill’s 5 canons of causal induction
- agreement
- difference
- agreement and difference
- residues
- concomitant variations
steps of the scientific method
- problem
- question
- form preliminary hypothesis
- collect data to test hypothesis
- refine hypothesis
6 rules for logically acceptable definition
- definition coextensive with the thing defined
- clear
- literal
- brief
- positive if possible
- not circular
condense the 6 rules for a definition to 3
- coextensive
- clear, literal, brief
- not negative or circular
8 types of logically acceptable definitions
- nominal
- essential
- by properties
- by accidents
- by efficient cause
- by final cause
- from material cause
- from effects
