Final Flashcards

Question

Adverse Effects | Anti-tubercular - isoniazid

Answer 1

Liver damage, including hepatitis, liver failure (especially common in older adults and clients with alcohol use disorder) Peripheral neuropathy: numbness, tingling, pain in the hands or feet (especially common in clients who have diabetes or alcohol use disorder) CNS symptoms: dizziness, ataxia, seizures, psychotic symptoms GI symptoms: nausea/vomiting

Answer 2

IV: severe systemic fungal infections that are likely to be fatal if not treated with amphotericin B Topical, oral suspension: candida infections of the skin and mucous membranes Urinary irrigation may be used to treat candida infections of the bladder or lower urinary tract

Answer 3

Chest pain, palpitations | Nervousness, restlessness, tremors

Answer 4

Follow manufacturer's instructions for using delivery devices Use short-acting preparations for acute exacerbations Use long-acting preparations for long-term control Inhale beta2-adrenergic agonists before inhaling glucocorticoids Follow dosage limits and schedules Watch for signs and triggers of impending exacerbation of asthma Keep a log of the frequency and intensity of exacerbations Notify the provider of changes in patterns of exacerbations

Answer 5

Inhibits interaction of acetylcholine at receptor sites on the bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate and bronchdilation

Answer 6

Long-term treatment of allergy-related asthma Prophylaxis for exercise-induced bronchospasm Prophylaxis for seasonal allergy symptoms Management of allergic rhinitis (intranasally)

Answer 7

``` Drowsiness, dizziness Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation) ```

Answer 8

Chronic rhinitis, narrow angle glaucoma, uncontrolled heart disease, dysrhythmia, or hypertension

Answer 9

Severe hypotension following first dose (most likely in clients taking diuretics, with high BP, or who have hyponatremia) Dry, nonproductive cough due to increase in bradykinin Rash and report of metallic taste in mouth Angioedema (swelling of mouth, throat due to inhibition if kinase II) Hyperkalemia Neutropenia (decrease in white blood cells with increased risk of infection)

Answer 10

Teratogenic effects, angioedema or allergy to ACE inhibitors, hypotension, liver disease with elevated liver enzymes

Answer 11

Bradycardia due to blockade of beta1receptors; may lead to reduced cardiac output Heart failure (HF) - (SOB, edema, coughing at night) Rebound excitation causing angina pain or MI with sudden withdrawal of beta blocker in client with CHD

Answer 12

Monitor heart rate, report rate slower than 60 BPM

Answer 13

Advise client that headache and tachycardia can occur Monitor pulse and report tachycardia A beta blocker can be added to decrease tachycardia watch for hypotension with additional antihypertensive agent Monitor for and report signs of facial rash, joint pain, or fatigue to provider (hydralazine will be discontinued) Monitor for edema, crackles in lungs Hydralazine can be combined with a diuretic to minimize this effect Taper hydralazine slowly when discontinued

Answer 14

Myopathy (pain in muscles, which can progress to rhabdomyolysis [breakdown of muscle protein causing kidney damage]) Hepatotoxicity

Answer 15

``` Oral extended-release capsules Sublingual tablet Translingual spray Topical ointment Transdermal patch Intravenous ```

Answer 16

Available as oral tablets, capsules, and elixir, as well as for IV use Give oral form with or without food Tablets may be crushed and mixed with food if necessary IV form may be administered directly over at least 5 minutes; monitor site carefully for infiltration, which can cause tissue damage

Answer 17

Hyperkalemia Menstrual irregularities, abnormal hair growth (e.g. on face) and deepening of voice may occur in women Gynecomastia (growth of breast tissue) and impotence may occur in men

Answer 18

Electrolyte imbalance: hyponatremia, hypochloremia, severe fluid loss (dehydration), and hypokalemia Hypotension Ototoxicity (all loop diuretics can be temporary or permanent depending on the specific drug) Hyperglycemia (especially in clients who have diabetes mellitus) Increased uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) with possible gouty arthritis in susceptible clients

Answer 19

Manages life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation that is resistant to other drugs May treat some dysrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation

Answer 20

``` History of or risk for thromboembolic events Suspected or confirmed breast, vaginal, cervical, or endometrial cancer Liver disease Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding Hypertension Gallbladder disease Diabetes mellitus Heart disease Migraines Kidney dysfunction ```

Answer 21

Monitor risk factors such as multiple deliveries Monitor length, strength, and duration of contractions For indications of hyperstimulation, turn clients on their side, stop the infusion, and administer oxygen Be prepared to administer a uterine relaxant Monitor for headache, nausea, vomiting, and increasing blood pressure Monitor intake and output and level of consciousness

Answer 22

Treatment of benign prostatic hypertophy

Answer 23

Iron-deficiency anemia | Prevention of iron-deficiency anemia for clients at risk (infants, children, pregnancy, ongoing blood loss)

Answer 24

Bleeding (intracranial, needle puncture sites, wounds)

Answer 25

Alcohol and cimetidine increase the risk of lactic acidosis Any contrast medium containing iodine increases the risk of acute renal failure, thus worsening lactic acidosis. Drug should be stopped 24 hours before dye and 48 hours after test is completed Nifedipine, furosemide, morphine, ranitidine, antifungals, and many other drugs increase hypoglycemic effects

Answer 26

Give subcutaneously (using an insulin syringe with measurement in units) or IV (only Humulin R) Select an appropriate needle length for injecting insulin into subcutaneous tissue versus intradermal (too short) or intramuscular (too long). For insulin suspensions (cloudy insulins), gently rotate the vial between your palms to disperse the particles. When mixing short-acting insulin with longer (intermediate)-acting insulin, draw the short-acting insulin into the syringe first, then the longer-acting insulin. Do not mix insulin glargine or insulin detemir with any other insulin. Do not administer short-acting insulins if they appear cloudy or discolored. Instruct clients to self-administer insulin subcutaneously in one general area for consistent absorption rates. Storage of insulin. Keep vials in use at room temperature for 1 month. Refrigerate unopened vials of a single type of insulin until their expiration date. Keep insulins premixed in syringes for 1 to 2 weeks under refrigeration and vertical, with the needles pointing upward. Prior to administration, resuspend the insulin via gentle motion. Expect dosage adjustments in response to caloric intake, infections, exercise, stress, growth spurts, and pregnancy. Make sure adequate glucose available at onset and peak insulin times.

Answer 27

Hypothyroidism

Answer 28

``` Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers Prolonged dyspepsia Gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) Erosive esophagitis Hypersecretionary disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, systemic mastocytosis ```

Answer 29

Antacids are alkaline compounds that neutralize gastric acid

Answer 30

Constipation Diarrhea Hypophosphatemia

Answer 31

Give orally one to three times a day with at least 8 oz of fluid Mix powdered forms with 8 oz of fluid Expect soft, formed stools 1 to 3 days after initiating therapy Tell client that taking it before meals may reduce appetite

Answer 32

``` Bone marrow suppression (decreased platelets, red and white blood cells) Increased risk of infection Liver damage Gastrointestinal ulceration Pulmonary fibrosis Dizziness and headache Nausea and vomiting ```

Answer 33

Prevention and treatment of: postmenopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-related osteoporosis, age related osteoporosis in men

Answer 34

Confusion, shakiness, heart palpitations | Excessive hunger, pallor, sleepiness, slurred speech

Answer 35

Testing of body fluids: blood urine, sputum, wound drainage Gram stain: examine an aspirate of body fluids under a microscope to identify microorganisms directly Culture: aspirate is applied to a culture where colonies can grow

Answer 36

Normal potassium level is 3.6 to 5.2 mmol/L | Digoxin binds to potassium

Answer 37

Cath lab - opens arteries with stents MONA - Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin Fibrinolytic Therapy Beta-blocker post MI

Answer 38

Administer antihistamine and provide for an open airway

Answer 39

``` Right Drug Right Patient Right Dose Right Route Right Time Right Documentation Right History Right to Refuse Right Evaluation Right Education ```

Answer 40

Rapid weight gain Edema in peripheral extremities Shortness of breath, chest pain, heart failure High blood pressure

Answer 41

Stop IV and start a new one somewhere else. Observe patient.

Answer 42

Have second nurse present.

Answer 43

Immediately

Answer 44

Checking physician orders. patient history, discharge orders

Answer 45

Prepare medication in private area 3 medication checks Have second nurse assist if unsure