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PHARM 1 FINAL > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

side effects of anticholinergic medications

A 
dry mouth
blurry vision
constipation
drowsy
confusion
tachycardia
dyspnea
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2
Q

explain drug regimen for H. Pylori

A

azole, amoxicillin, myocin (10 days)
bsimuth, metro, tetracycline (14 days)
azole, amoxicillin, myocin (10-14 days)

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3
Q

how does Allopurinol work

A

reduces uric acid in the body

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4
Q

what are contraindications for antitubercular therapy

A

renal/hepatic impairment
alcoholism
diabetic retinopathy
severe hypersensitivty

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5
Q

what education is needed for patient on Isoniazid for TB

A 
often taken with vitamin B6
dry mouth
GI distress
not with pregnancy 
increase in blood glucose
photosensitivity 
comply
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6
Q

common side effects of antibiotic use

A 
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
bloating
loss of appetite
abdominal pain
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7
Q

patient education for Tetracycline

A

away from the heat
teratogenic
teeth discoloration
complete the course of the meds

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8
Q

patient education for Tetracycline

A

away from the heat
teratogenic
teeth discoloration
complete the course of the meds

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9
Q

why is a spacer used with an inhaler

A

gets more of the medication into the system

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10
Q

how does Aminophylline work for COPD patients

A

relaxes bronchioles for air passage

reduces wheezing, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing

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11
Q

how does Guaifenesin work (expectorant)

“Guaif/Cough)

A

thins the mucus secretions in the air passages to make it easier to cough up

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12
Q

how does Metformin work

A

decreases the hepatic production of glucose from store glycogen

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13
Q

side/adverse effects of corticosteroids

A 
adrenal insufficiency 
osteopororosis
infection
hyperglycemia 
fluid/electrolyte imbalances
decreased growth in children
peptic ulcer disease
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14
Q

explain rotation of injection sites for insulin

A

to avoid atrophy and hypertrophy

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15
Q

what is Cosyntropin used for

A

ACTH stimulation test (addisons/cushings)

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16
Q

how is diabetes insipidus treated

A

antidiuretics (Desmopressin)

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17
Q

what are the osmotic diuretcs used for

A

Mannitol
to decreases intracranial pressure (Glaucoma)
promote excretion of toxic substances

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18
Q

what drugs interacts with thiazides

A

ACE Inhibitors
Corticosteroids
NSAIDS

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19
Q

Patient education for Lasix

A

take it in the morning
rise slowly
take it with food
potassium rich foods

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20
Q

side/adverse of Niacin

A 
FLUSHING
hypotension
diarrhea
nausea
headache
dizziness
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21
Q

side/adverse of Niacin

A 
FLUSHING
hypotension
diarrhea
nausea
headache
dizziness
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22
Q

antidote for heparin

A

protamine sulfate

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23
Q

antidote for coumadin

A

vitamin K

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24
Q

how do thrombolytic drugs work

A

disentigrates blood clots

destorys fibrin in the clot

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25
side/adverse of thrombolytic therapy
bleeding hematoma epistaxis GI bleed
26
therapeutic range of Digoxin
0.8-2.0
27
s/s of digoxin toxicity
``` anorexia diarrhea N/V bradycardia blurred vision halos confusion premature ventricular contractions ```
28
side/adverse effects of Nitrates
headaches (Nitroglycerin) hypotension dizziness flushing
29
how does Tolterodine work
for overactive bladder | block parasympathetic nerve impulses
30
antidote for cholinergic drugs
Atropine
31
side/adverse effects of cholinergic drugs
``` hypotension tachycardia increased salivation increased gastric acid abdominal cramps diarrhea bronchospams ```
32
side/adverse effects of cholinergic drugs
``` hypotension tachycardia increased salivation increased gastric acid abdominal cramps diarrhea bronchospams ```
33
contraindications for nonselective BB
COPD | respiratory issues
34
what is epinephrine used for
``` anaphylaxis bronchospasms status asthmaticus cardiogenic shock cardiac arrest ```
35
what effects does the adrenergic agonsit drugs have on the sympathetic ns
``` dilation of pupils dialtion of bronchioles increased HR blood vessel constriction relaxation of GI/bladder/uterus ```
36
how long do antidepressants take to work
1-2 weeks
37
side/adverse of SSRI's (Venla, Fluox)
``` dry mouth blurred vision insomina headache anorexia N/D suicidal ideation ```
38
drugs that interact with SSRI's (Fluoxetine)
``` alcohol CNS depressants apsirin NSAIDS anticoagulants ```
39
patient education for MAOI's
not to be taken with other antidepressants | avoid foods that are high in tyramine
40
side/adverse of Sinemet (carbidopa/levidopa)
``` worsened tremors D/V confusion hallucinations uncontrolled muscle movements ```
41
what is therapeutic index
desired effect vs. undesired effect
42
how does carbidopa/levidopa work
converts dopaime and increases mobility | carbidopa allows more levidopa to reach brain
43
patient education for AED's (antiepileptic) | *Phenytoin
``` used backup contraception not to drive/perform hazardous activities not to stop abruptly can increase BGL teratogenic ```
44
patient education for opiods
no alcohol dizziness dyspnea substance abuse
45
antidote for opiods
narcan
46
schedule system for controlled substances
1=worst | 5=least chance for abuse
47
how neonates/children respond differently to meds compared to adults
more alkalinie like gastric pH thin skin decreased intestinal surface
48
how neonates/children respond differently to meds compared to adults
``` more alkalinie like gastric pH thin skin decreased intestinal surface higher fluid volume decreased fat % decreased protein receoptors ```
49
how older adults respond differently to meds
decrease in body water/body lean mass decrease in kidney and liver mass/production decreased ability to maintain homeostasis
50
first pass effect
some of the drug is metabolized by the liver and becomes inactivated
51
side effects of epinephrine
``` N/V palpitations tachycardia HTN dyspnea MI sweating agitation ```
52
explain what happens when two highly protein bound drugs are taken
they compete for protein receptor sites which creates more free drug in the body
53
what is Bethanechol used for
urinary retention
54
side/adverse effects of cephalosporins
Gi distrubances (N/V/D) increased bleeding nephrotoxicity
55
how do NSAIDS work
inhibit COX enzyme 1=protect (stomach/platelet aggregation) 2=pull the trigger (pain/inflammation/fever)
56
what is Tensilon (edrophonium) used for
tensilon test for myasthenia gravis
57
how does Atropine work
(anticholinergic) works for bradycardia/decrease salivation acts of muscarinic receptors
58
how do indirect acting choinergic agonists work
inhibit/inactivate the enzyme cholinesterase
59
how do aplha adrenergic blockers work (good for peripheral vascular disease)
vasodilation decrease BP decrease contraction constrict pupils (mydriasis)
60
side/adverse effects of beta 2 adrenergic agonists
``` tremors restless tachycardia cardiac dysrhythmias nervousness dizziness palpitations ```
61
how anticholinergics effect the parasympathetic nervous system
``` increase HR increase urine retention decrease secretions decrease GI motility dilate pupils ```

PHARM 1 FINAL (1 decks)

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