Final 1 Review Flashcards
Dorr Rebellion / Rhode Island
(1840) People wanted more suffrage, so Thomas Dorr and his followers drafted a constitution and formed a new government in retaliation
Jackson’s Presidency
(1829-1837) President of the common man, gained fame by fighting in Indian campaigns
Nullification Crisis
(1832) South Carolina attempted to nullify the Tarrifs of 1828 and 1832, but the federal government (Jackson) claimed this was treason
Bank Wars
(1832) Jackson vetoed the national bank because it gave too much federal power, which would cause financial stress
Spoils System
The perceived right of elected officials of a certain political party to appoint their own followers into office. Started with Jackson
How did the Panic of 1837 affect Van Buren’s presidency?
Van Buren did nothing to stop the Panic and lost reelection as a result
Five Civilized Tribes
Cherokee, Muskogee, Choctaw, Seminole, Chickasaw
Trail of Tears
The treacherous path taken by the five tribes to Oklahoma during Indian Removal
Indian Removal Act
(1830) Authorized the president (Jackson) to grant land west of the Mississippi River in exchange for Indian ancestral lands
What was Oklahoma previously known as?
The Indian Territory
Hard Money vs. Soft Money
Hard money (gold/silver) advocates felt it was a more reliable form of currency. Soft money (cash/paper) advocates felt it would lower debts
Clay’s American System
Henry Clay’s three-step plan involving high tariffs, infrastructure, and a national bank. It was attractive to Whig supporters
Aroostook War
(1838) A boundary dispute between Maine and Canada that caused a fight to break out at the Aroostook River
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
(1842) Established a permanent boundary between Canada and Maine. The British also promised to stop interfering with American ships
Who were the two big immigrant groups in the 1840’s-60’s (on both the East and West coast)?
The German (west coast due to farming opportunities) and the Irish (east coast due to high demand for unskilled labor)
Who were the Great Triumvirate?
Most important members of the Whig Party: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun
Gold Rush
(1848) Gold is discovered in California. (1849) People of all races move to California, some finding gold and other profiting off businesses
Dred Scott Decision
(1857) The Dred Scott v. Sandford case ruled that Scott, a slave who had tried to sue for his freedom, had no right to sue as a black man
What were the migration routes out West?
(1840’s-60’s) Many people begin to migrate west. The major route was the Oregon Trail. Others included the Santa Fe Trail and California Trail
John Brown’s Raid / Harper’s Ferry
(1859) John Brown tries to start a slave uprising by stealing weapons at an ammunition depot called Harper’s Ferry, but his plan fails
What did the republican party form out of?
After the Whig Party is destroyed, the Republican Party emerges from the Free Soil Party
Texas Independence Movement
The Mexican government encouraged American migration to Texas, but conflict arose when they brought their slaves in violation of Texas law
Stephen F. Austin
One of the most successful American immigrants in Texas. He wanted to reach a peaceful agreement to be granted more autonomy.
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana
Seized control of Mexico in 1833, and enacted laws that took power away from the states
Battle of El Alamo
Mexican troops crush an American Garrison, seemingly about to end the rebellion
Battle of San Jacinto / Sam Houston
(1836) Sam Houston gathers a small army and defeats the Mexicans, capturing Santa Ana, who signs a treaty granting Texas independence
Manifest Destiny
The belief that America was destined to expand by God and by history
Clara Barton
An important figure in the nursing profession during the Civil War. She founded the American Red Cross in 1881
Homestead Act
(1862) Permitted any citizen to claim 160 acres of government land and purchase it for a small fee after living on it for five years
What was the first major battle of the Civil War?
(1861) First Battle of Bull Run: The union army is on the verge of victory when the southern army gains the upper hand, forcing the Union to flee
Emancipation Proclamation
(1863) Declared all slaves in the Confederacy forever free, except those already under Union control, and not including the border states
What was the major turning point in the Civil War?
(1863) Battle of Gettysburg: Lee’s Confederate army charges the Union under fire, suffering heavy losses and giving the Union an upper hand
Who led the march to the sea?
General William Tecumseh Sherman: Leads his army toward the Georgia coast, capturing Atlanta and destroying the remaining Confederate forces
What was the Morrill Land Grant Act and what did it create?
(1862) Created land-grant colleges in the U.S. using the proceeds of federal land sales
Where did Robert E. Lee surrender to Grant in the Civil War?
(April 9, 1865) Lee surrenders at the Appomattox Courthouse
How and what ended the Civil War?
Lee’s surrender ended the war militarily, although Jefferson Davis (the Confederate president) fled and was captured, ending the war
What was the U.S. currency during the Civil War?
Greenbacks (soft money)
Convict Lease System
Southern states leased convicted criminals to private interests as a cheap source of labor
13th Amendment
Outlawed slavery
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship rights to all those born in the U.S.
15th Amendment
Granted voting rights to all races
Sharecropping
A system in which a landowner would supply a poor farmer with land and equipment, and in turn, the farmer would become indebted to them
What was the purpose of the Reconstruction Klan (KKK)?
To terrorize Black Americans in the South to scare them out of being involved in politics
Compromise of 1877
A deal in which the Democrats agreed not to challenge the Republicans in the Election of 1876 if they withdrew their troops in the South
Who created the Tuskegee Institute and pushed for Black education?
Booker T. Washington
Wade-Davis Bill
(1864) The radical republicans’ plan for reconstruction, in which 50% of state would have to swear allegiance and form a new constitution
Plessy v. Ferguson (Seperate but Equal)
(1869) A Court case that ruled that “separate but equal” accommodations did not deprive Blacks of any rights, justifying segregation
What were the black codes?
(1865-1866) New state laws enacted in the South which were designed to establish white control over the newly freed slaves
