Final 1

Question 1

organic molecule:

Answer 1

carbon-based molecule

Question 2

inorganic molecule:

Answer 2

non-carbon based molecule

Question 3

inorganic molecule example:

Answer 3

water oxygen and ammonia

Question 4

hydrocarbon:

Answer 4

organic molecule composed of hydrogen and carbon

Question 5

example of hydrocarbon:

Answer 5

methane which is used to heat homes

Question 6

functional group:

Answer 6

a group of atoms within a molecule that interact with other molecules in predictable ways

Question 7

hydrophilic:

Answer 7

attracts water

Question 8

monomers:

Answer 8

smaller molecular units

Question 9

polymers:

Answer 9

chain made of monomers

Question 10

two forms of a polymer:

Answer 10

long chain of monomers of chains that fold back on themselves

Question 11

lifes large molecules:

Answer 11

carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids

Question 12

dehydration reaction:

Answer 12

each time a monomer is added to a chain a water molecule is released

Question 13

3 types of sugars:

Answer 13

monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide

Question 14

which sugars are found in which places?

Answer 14

fructose: fruits
glucose(white sugar): everywhere
galactose: milk

Question 15

carbohydrate:

Answer 15

organic compound made up of sugar molecules

Question 16

what elements does sugar contain?

Answer 16

carbon hydrogen and oxygen
(1 carbon 2 hydrogen 1 oxygen)

Question 17

monosaccharide:

Answer 17

one sugar unit simple sugars contain

Question 18

what does honey contain?

Answer 18

glucose and fructose

Question 19

what forms is glucose found in?

Answer 19

straight chain and ring shape

Question 20

main fuel supply for cellular work:

Answer 20

sugar molecules (glucose)

Question 21

what happens to glucose molecules that are not used immediately by cells

Answer 21

they are usually incorporated into larger carbohydrates or they’re used to make fat molecules

Question 22

how is a disaccharide formed

Answer 22

dehydration reaction

Question 23

most common disaccharide

Answer 23

sucrose

Question 24

function of sucrose:

Answer 24

nourishes all parts of the plant

Question 25

what can sucrose be broken down into

Answer 25

glucose and fructose

Question 26

polysaccharide:

Answer 26

long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers

Question 27

example of polysaccharide:

Answer 27

starch

Question 28

glycogen:

Answer 28

polysaccharide stored in animals as a form of energy in animals

Question 29

what do animals do instead of containing starch

Answer 29

they store excess sugar in the form glycogen

Question 30

functions of cellulose:

Answer 30

serves as a building material protects cells stiffens plant prevents plant from flopping over

Question 31

what is cellulose made up of

Answer 31

glucose monomers

Question 32

hydrophobic:

Answer 32

water avoiding molecules

Question 33

functions of lipid molecules

Answer 33

circulate in your body as chemical signals to cells protect cells

Question 34

what does a fat consist of

Answer 34

glycerol attached to three fatty acids

Question 35

what happens to oils at room temperature

Answer 35

they become liquids

Question 36

functions of fatty tissues

Answer 36

store energy for later use cushion your organs provide body with insulation

Question 37

saturated fat:

Answer 37

a fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms

Question 38

where are saturated fats found

Answer 38

beef pork full fat dairy products eggs and tropical oils

Question 39

are saturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature

Answer 39

solid

Question 40

unsaturated fat:

Answer 40

a fatty acid in which there is atleast one double bond within the fatty acid chain

Question 41

examples of unsaturated fats:

Answer 41

nuts avocado seeds olive oil fish and corn oil

Question 42

why are diets rich in unsaturated fats unhealthy

Answer 42

they promote the buildup of plaques within the walls of the blood vessels

Question 43

what can happen when plaque builds up on the walls of the blood vessels

Answer 43

they can reduce blood flow and lead to heart disease

Question 44

function of steroids

Answer 44

circulate in your body as chemical signals

Question 45

best known steroid

Answer 45

cholesterol

Question 46

cholesterol:

Answer 46

essential molecule found in the membranes that surround your cells

Question 47

why does cholesterol have a bad reputation

Answer 47

high levels of particular cholesterol containing substances in the blood are linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease

Question 48

protein:

Answer 48

polymer constructed from 20 kinds of amino acids

Question 49

functions of protein:

Answer 49

form hair and fur make up muscles provide long term nutrient storage

Question 50

amino acid:

Answer 50

molecule that combines to form proteins

Question 51

functions of amino acid:

Answer 51

break down food build muscle grow and repair body tissue

Question 52

types of hormones:

Answer 52

sexual: male --> testosterone female --> estrogen and progestrone non sexual: aldhestrone cortizone T3/T4

Question 53

what does each amino acid monomer consist of

Answer 53

a central carbon atom bonded to four partners

Question 54

explain how cells create proteins

Answer 54

cells create proteins by linking amino acids together into a polypeptide each link is created by a dehydration reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the next amino acid in the chain

Question 55

denaturation process:

Answer 55

when a change in temperature pH or some other quality of the environment can cause a protein to unravel and lose its normal shape

Question 56

example of denaturation process:

Answer 56

when frying eggs the egg white changes from a clear liquid to a white solid

Question 57

what happens to a denatured protein and why

Answer 57

a denatured protein cant work properly because a proteins function depends on its shape

Question 58

what is necessary to start a chemical reaction

Answer 58

you need to weaken chemical bonds in the reactant molecules

Question 59

activation energy:

Answer 59

start up energy for a chemical reaction

Question 60

one way to provide activation energy:

Answer 60

heat up the mixture of molecules

Question 61

catalyst:

Answer 61

compound that speeds up chemical reactions

Question 62

enzyme:

Answer 62

the main catalyst of chemical reactions in organisms

Question 63

example of activation energy:

Answer 63

when you burn a candle you meed to provide the initial energy (match)

Question 64

why does an enzyme catalyze only one type of reaction

Answer 64

the shape of each enzyme fits the shape of only particular reactant molecules

Question 65

substrate:

Answer 65

a specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme

Question 66

how does a substrate fit itself into an active site

Answer 66

as the substrate enters the active site changes shape slightly fitting the shape more snugly

Question 67

function of the enzyme sucrase:

Answer 67

catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose