Final 1 Flashcards
What are Piaget’s stages?
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational (language & symbolic)
- Concrete Operational (mental operations, no hypothetical reasoning, based on experience)
- Formal operational (logic, abstract, metacognition)
When does first puberty symptoms hit in westernized cultures
8 (girls) 9/10 (boys)
automacy
refers to how much cognition is required for a task. The more automacy, the less cognitive energy and space required.
What characterizes the age of adolescence
Child labour laws
Required high school
research into adolescence as a distinct period of development
3 genotype interactions
Passive genotype —>enviro
Evocative genotype —>enviro
Active genotype —->enviro
3 worldview ethics
Community (increases with age)
Divinity (increases with age)
Autonomy (stays the same)
What is a worldview approach?
Worldview–>
moral reasoning–>
moral education–>
moral behaviour–>
- it is one’s beliefs about being human, how to conduct human relations and problem solving
Kohlberg’s moral reasoning stages
Preconventional
Conventional
Post Conventional
Preconventional moral reasoning
1) Punishment & Obedience: avoiding punishment
2) Individualism & Purpose: meeting my own needs
Conventional Reasoning
3) Interpersonal concordance: conformity to role expectations
4) Social systems orientation: law and justice
Post Conventional Reasoning
5) Community rights and individual rights
6) Universal Ethical principles
Information Processing Approach
Environment inputs data, which is transformed by our senses. Information can then be stored / retrieved / translated using mental programs, resulting in behavioural responses.
Selective attention
attending to one thing rather than others
Attentional capacity
how many things we can attend to at one time
Gender intensification
socialization of genders is more pronounced during adolescence.
Adelson, changes in political beliefs
1) grow less authoritarian
2) laws are social constructs instead of absolute
3) can develop ideology
Types of selves
Actual self
Possible self: - ideal self & feared self
False self
Baseline self esteem
stable, ongoing sense of well being
Barometric self esteem
fluctuating sense of self-worth
Contributors to self esteem
school success
teacher approval
peers and friends
parents encouragement and acceptance
Social loneliness versus emotional loneliness
social = lack of social connections and friends (quantity) emotional = relationships lack emotional intimacy (quality)
Erikson’s developmental crisis in adolescence
identity versus identity confusion.
founded on the identifications developed in childhood
exploring possible life options (falling in love, possible jobs, possible religious beliefs)
identity confusion occurs if not able to sort out possibilities presented or if previous stages not resolved.
negative identity - chose the unacceptable options
Identity status model
Combine different levels of committment versus exploration:
diffusion - No/No
moratorium - No committment, yes exploartion
foreclosure - Yes committement, no exploration
acheivement - Yes/Yes
postmodern identity
changes across contexts and life course
ethnic identity status model
combines different levels of identification with majority culture and ethnic group
bicultural - high/high
seperated - high ethnic, low majority
assimilated - high majority, low ethnic
Marginal - low/low
8 domains of self-concept
scholastic competence social acceptance athletic acceptance physical appearance job competence romantic appeal behavioural competence close friendship.
Physcial apperance has biggest impact
