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OS Final > Fin > Flashcards

Fin Flashcards

1
Q

What was burns’s major research?

A

Spinal fixation on animals (spinal lesions)

S-V and V-S reflexes

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2
Q

When was burns born and when she die

A

1870-1958

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3
Q

What is Wilbur Cole famous for

A

Reproduced burns’s experiments for internal validation

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4
Q

Who developed the osteopathic lesion, worked with reflex activity in the spinal extensors and facilitation of the spinal cord?

A

J.S. Denslow

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5
Q

Who performed studies involving somatic dysfunction?

Also axoplasmic flow and trophies functions and sympatheticotonia?

A

I.M. Korr, Ph.D.

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6
Q

Who performed reliability and validity studies?

Also did Viscerosomatic reflexes?

A

William L. Johnston

1921-2003

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7
Q

Who is the 2nd great philosopher of Osteopathic medicine?

What did he promote?

A

I.M. Korr

Entire DO-patient interaction, not just OMT

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8
Q

When did the Spanish influenza occur?

What was result?

A

1918

.25% mortality w/DO
5% MD

Lower mortality from pneumonia too

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9
Q

When was the L.A. County Osteopathic Hospital established?

A

1932

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10
Q

What was the epidemiology like in DO only vs MD and DO?

A

Lower mortality, lower LOS

Of course, do’s da bomb

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11
Q

What was the result of the OMT care vs Standard care study of 1999?

A

No different outcomes in pts, but D.O. Patients required less mess and less PT

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12
Q

What clinical trials were studied for inflammation cases?

What were the results?

A

Pancreatitis and ankle sprain

everything less, DOs the best

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13
Q

What clinical trials were studied for cases of infection?

What were the results?

A

Pneumonia, otitis media, spleen pump

DOs the best, everything always less

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14
Q

What are the special considerations in OMM research? (6)

A 
BCS DIP
Blinding
Control
Size/power
Dependent variables
Inclusion Criteria
Placebo
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15
Q

What is the ROM for flexion/extension of C spine?

A

45-90

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16
Q

ROM side ending?

Rotation?

A

45

70-90

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17
Q

What is the major motion of the OA joint?

Minor motion?

A

Flex/extend

Sidebending and rotation

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18
Q

What mechanics OA joint?

A

Modified type 1

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19
Q

Give example of dysfunction for OA joint

A

OA F SrRl

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20
Q

What is the primary motion of AA (C1-2) joint?

What does it not have?

A

Rotation

SB or flex/extend

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21
Q

What kind of mechanics C2-7?

A

Type II

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22
Q

Translation of cervical vertebra from Left to right is what kind of Sidebending?

What plane?

A

SB L

Coronal plane

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23
Q

What are the clavicle and scapula properly considered part of?

A

The upper extremity

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24
Q

What is the articulation between the manubrium and body called?

A

Sternal angle or angle of Louis

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25
Q

How is the T spine divided?

A

Upper T1-4
Middle T5-8
Lower T9-12

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26
Q

What is the rule of 3 for the spinous processes and transverse processes?

A 
123 - sp and tp are in same plane
456 - sp 1/2 inch below tp in plane
789 - sp 1 inch below tp (i.e. 8 sp is at level of 9 tp)
10 - 1 inch below
11 - 1/2 inch below
12 - same plane
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27
Q

What pathway do visceral afferent neurons follow?

A

Same pathway as sympathetics

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28
Q

How can OMT affect somatic afferent input?

A

Reduce it, thereby reducing somatosympthetic activity of the organ

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29
Q

What does T1-4 innervate?

A

Sympathetics to head and neck

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30
Q

What does T1-6 innervate?

A

Heart and lungs

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31
Q

What does T5-9 innervate?

A

Sympathetics to upper abdominal viscera (stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen)

PG DLSS

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32
Q

What does T10-11 innervate?

A

Sympathetics to lower abdominal viscera (s.i., kidney, ureters, gonads, right colon)

K-RUGS

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33
Q

What does T12-L2 innervate?

A

Sympathetics to left colon and pelvic organs

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34
Q

What do t-spinal motions follow?

A

Fryette’s principles of spinal motion

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35
Q

Is flexion less than or greater than extension?

Due to what?

A

Greater

Normal kyphotic curvature and gravity

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36
Q

Where is rotation the greatest?

A

Upper and middle T spine segments

Second to AA joint

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37
Q

What limits T-spine Sidebending?

A

Rib cage

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38
Q

Where do ribs 2-9 articulate?

A

With vertebrae above and below

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39
Q

Where do ribs 1 and 10-12 articulate?

A

Unifacets that articulate with corresponding vertebrae only

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40
Q

Where does rib 1 attach ant and post?

A

Ant: inferior to clavicle

Post: cephalad to border of scapula

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41
Q

Where does rib 2 articulate?

A

Ant with manubrium and body of sternum

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42
Q

Where does rib 3 articulate?

A

Post. At level of scapular spine

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43
Q

Where does rib 7 articulate ant and post?

A

Ant - xiphosternal junction

Post - level of inf. Angle of scapula

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44
Q

Where does rib 10 articulate?

A

Cartilage at lowest part of thoracic cage at midclavicular line

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45
Q

Which ribs have no neck or tubercles?

A

Ribs 11 and 12

46
Q

What ligaments does the costovertebral joint have?

A

Radiate

Interosseous

47
Q

What connects the transverse process to next lower rib of the costotransverse joint?

A

Sup. Ligament

48
Q

What muscles are responsible for inhalation?

A

Intercostals (externals) and diaphragm

49
Q

Where do the crura of the diaphragm anchor?

A

L1, 2, 3

50
Q

What muscles responsible for exhalation?

A

Rectus abdominus, internal and external oblique, transverse abdominus

51
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inhalation?

Exhalation?

A

SCM, scalene so

Passive recoil, ab muscles

52
Q

When was Louisa burns the AT still research director?

A

1917-1935

53
Q

What motion is pump handle analogous to?

Increase what?

A

Flexion/extension

A/P Diameter

54
Q

Which ribs have pump handle?

A

Rib 1 50%

2-6 mostly pump

55
Q

What is bucket handle motion analogous to?

Increase what?

A

Abduction/Adduction

Transverse diameter (ribs move laterally)

56
Q

What ribs are bucket

A

Rib 1 50%

7-10 predom

57
Q

What is caliper motion analogous to?

What ribs use it?

A

Internal/external rotation

11 and 12

58
Q

Who found an INC in TV and RR after Tx?

They also found an INC in lung perfusion after Tx

A

A.J. Murphy

Think pulmonary fx

59
Q

Who looked at respiratory function and lumbar lordosis?

What were their findings?

A

Doran

Tx DEC lordosis and INC TV
Found INC of abdominal component to respiration after Tx

60
Q

What kind of injury can trauma cause in the thorax?

A 
Chest wall contusions
Rib fractures (don't wear rib belts)
61
Q

What is costochondritis?

How do you treat?

A

Inflammation of costochondral junction

NSAIDS and OMM

62
Q

What reflex is involved with pneumonia?
What does it cause?
How can you treat?

A

V-S reflex to T2-4
Cough w/rib dysfunction, lumbar or thoracic dysfunction
Tx: Lymphatics to Area 1

63
Q

What muscle is functionally an extension of the diaphragm?

What can happen here?

A

Quadratus lumborum

DEC lymph pumping action

64
Q

What are some Iatrogenic causes?

A

Thoracotomy (lobectomy)

Sternotomy (coronary bypass grafting)

65
Q

What are common sites for metastasis?

A

Breast, prostate, lung

BPL

66
Q

What % of the general population will have LBP?

What % of back pain in adults is due to MSK strains?

A

85

27

67
Q

Who is more prone to recurrence of LBP?

A

Women 33%

Men 26%

68
Q

How much does LBP cost per year?

What % of cost is attributed to what % of population?

A

100 billion

75% total cost attributed to 5% of patients

69
Q

What is the majority of pain due to?

A

Mechanical dysfunction

70
Q

What is the lumbar spine a frequent site of?

A

Strain
Pain
Disability

71
Q

What motion mostly in lumbar spine?

Thoracic?

A

Flexion/extension

Rotation

72
Q

What are the red flags in LBP?

A

Major trauma
Cancer
Cauda equine symptoms
Constitutional symptoms - fever, chills, IV drug abuse, etc

73
Q

What does folic acid prevent?

A

Neural tube defects aka spina bifida

74
Q

Where spina bifida occulta occur?

A

L5-S1

75
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

A

L1-2

76
Q

What symptoms are seen in Cauda Equina Syndrome?

A

Pain, numbness, weakness, paralysis of lower extremities, bladder and bowel incontinence

77
Q

A pathological barrier is a decrease in what normal barrier?

A

Physiological (active ROM) barrier

78
Q

What are the spinal mechanics of a the lumbar spine?

A

Type 1 in neutral

Type 2 in non-neutral

79
Q

What muscles maintain the lumbar spine?

A

Intertransversarii
Multifidus
Rototores

80
Q

In type 1 mechanics of lumbar spine what occurs first?

Type 2?

A

Sidebending

Rotation

81
Q

How do the sacrum and lumbar spine move?

A

Opposite directions

82
Q

What are Chapman’s reflexes?

A

Tender point clues used for dx of visceral dysfunction

Ant. And post. Points

83
Q

What are the ant points of champan’s reflexes?

A

Peri umbilical: adrenal, kidney, bladder

5th ICS: stomach, liver
6th ICS: stomach, liver/gall bladder
7th ICS: spleen, pancreas

84
Q

What are the posterior Chapman points?

A 
BUCK UP
Bladder
Urethra
Colon
Kidney
Uterus
Pelvic organs
85
Q

What V-S reflex organs are on the level of T10-L1?

A

Kidney
Ureter
Ovaries/testes
Adrenals

86
Q

What level is the pancreas located at?

A

T6-9

87
Q

What level is the colon at?

A

T8-L2

88
Q

What spinal level is the urinary bladder and prostate at?

A

L1-2

89
Q

Appendix level?

A

T11-L2

90
Q

Uterus level?

A

T10-L2

91
Q

Rectum/anus level?

A

L1-2

92
Q

L4 nerve root corresponds to which action?

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

93
Q

L5 Nerve root corresponds to which action?

A

Great toe dorsiflexion

94
Q

S1 nerve root corresponds to which action?

A

Ankle plantar flexion

95
Q

What does the straight leg raise test (Lesegue Test) assess?

When is a positive test found?

A

Sciatic nerve irritation

Pain below 30 degrees or above 70 (nerve root irritation)

96
Q

What is the lateral lumbar flexion (hip drop test)?

A

Stand on 1 leg, normal side bending is 25-30 degrees

A positive test would be less than 25 degree Sidebending

97
Q

Where does the physician position himself for Spurling’s Maneuver?

What are the 3 steps?

A

Standing behind seated patient

Compress the head in neutral
Compress head in extension
Sidebend away from the affected side and then toward the affected side and compress

98
Q

What is the carrying angle for cubitus varus?

A

Less than 5 degrees

Gunstock

99
Q

What is the carrying angle for cubitus valgus

A

More than 15 degrees

100
Q

How does the radial head glide with pronation and extension?

A

Posteriorly

101
Q

Dorsal carpal glide occurs with what?

A

Flexion

102
Q

Ventral carpal glide occurs with what?

A

Extension

103
Q

Wrist adduction results in what kind of ulnar movement?

A

ABduction

104
Q

What muscles do flexion?

A

Biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis

105
Q

What muscles do extension?

A

Triceps

106
Q

What muscles do supination?

A

Supinator, biceps

107
Q

How is a positive Spurling’s Maneuver indicated?

A

Pain down the arm in distribution of the nerve root indicating nerve root compression

108
Q

What are the lumbar spine mechanics?

A

Type 1 in neutral

Type 2 in non-neutral

109
Q

Lumbar spine ROM:

Flexion?
Extension?

A

105

60

110
Q

Lumbar spine ROM:

SB?
Rotation?

A

40

90

111
Q

Thoracic spinal mechanics?

A

In neutral type 1

Flexion/extension improvement is type 2

OS Final (1 decks)

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