FILM QUESTIONS 3-4

Question 1

What was thought to be the only birthplace of Chinese culture?

Answer 1

Shang Dynasty

Question 2

What might Shu people have done at the Jinsha site in Chengdu?

Answer 2

human sacrifice

Question 3

What critical clue is uncovered at Jinsha that is considered the face of human sacrifice?

Answer 3

12 stone statues depiciting a person in despair on their knees and hands tied behind their back

Question 4

Who might the stone statues represent?

Answer 4

• 1. might be people of lower caste because they’re kneeling
• 2. could be a shaman who tied his hands and cut his hair to pray for rain during drought season

Question 5

What does the chariot bural at Anyang suggest about who accompanied the master to the afterlife?

Answer 5

suggests that slaves were buried to accompany their master into the afterlife

Question 6

What do the human remains from the Jinsha burial sites tell us about the Shu people?

Answer 6

• buried with miliatry weapons suggesting their deaths were related to warfare
• people buried facing down with hands behind their backs which could be prisoners of war or sacrifices related to worship practice

Question 7

What distinguishes high status burials?

Answer 7

• people of high status were bruied with jade and stone artifacts
• buried with human slaves that were owned

Question 8

What is significant about the sun bird artifact?

Answer 8

showed that they worshipped the sun as a god and it was an important figure
- sun in the center surrounded by four bids and light rays

Question 9

Why is the Banyan tree special?

Answer 9

• found in a worship area near rivers and seen as a divine tree
• decorated with bronze bells so when the wind blew the bells would shake to make music of the heavens

Question 10

What does the Divine tree of Sanxingdui represent?

Answer 10

• connection between humans,gods, heaven and earth
• icon of worship as people believed trees were the origin of life and where people could communicate to gods by resting their wishes on the trees

Question 11

What were the large Sanxingdui bronze masks used for?

Answer 11

hung on a huge tree or building. likely used as sacrificial items

Question 12

Who does the giant bronze statue at Sanxingdui represent?

Answer 12

shaman king with divine powers and a connection to the heavens

Question 13

What was the significance of the gold mask found at Jinsha?

Answer 13

• could only be afforded by the rich and powerful
• shu king wore the mask to communicate with the heavens and became god when he put the mask on

Question 14

What led to the demise of the Shu people

Answer 14

destroyed by a flood from the minjiang river and the people were forced to migrate

Question 15

How long have people lived in the town of Arica?

Answer 15

9,000 years

Question 16

Why haven’t the Chinchorros received a lot of attention archaeologically?

Answer 16

• they didnt leave behind many cultural materials like large buildings or pottery and put a lot of focus into their dead and body preservation

Question 17

What was the frusturating part of discovering the oldest mummies in the world at Arica?

Answer 17

• 96 bodies recovered but there was a problem of preserving them in a timely manner becuase they were afraid of not having the right conditions.

Question 18

What was the process of Egyptian mummification? (5 points)

Answer 18

• body was taken to embalmers to be washed
• disembowled except for the heart. brain also removed
• left to dry for 40 days
• washed again and anointed with oils and resins to seal the surface of the skin
• wrapped in bandages of fine strips of linen and returned to families in a coffin

Question 19

What type of mummification preserved the body found by Dr Joann Fletcher?

Answer 19

natural mummification from the desert

Question 20

How do you define a mummy?

Answer 20

body treated or embalmed to be preserved for burial

Question 21

How was the Chinchorro mummification technique unique?

Answer 21

• bodies could not be divorced from the wrappings
• bodies were filled with grass ashes and animal hairs
• reinforced the skeletons by tying sticks to the bones, arms and legs were also reinforced (designed to be moved around)
• wrapped in a reed matting and covered with a white ash paste and staned with black manganese and had a wig attached

Question 22

Why did the Chinchorror mummify their dead?

Answer 22

to keep their dead with them in a way as the mummies were designed to be moved around

Question 23

How did the male Chinchorros develop auditory exostosis?

Answer 23

lifestyle of diving into cold water to hunt and gather their food

Question 24

What evidence is there for interpersonal violence towards the Chinchorrs?

Answer 24

blows to the head and fractures found in a skull suggesting violence was common

Question 25

Who are the vast majority of Chinchorro mummies

Answer 25

children

Question 26

Where did the chinchorro people come from?

Answer 26

• shark tooth found in the andes suggests the peole came from the highlands

Question 27

why did the andean people move to the coast?

Answer 27

huge drought in the environment caused people to move down to the coast

Question 28

What kinds of things will the x-ray be able to determine?

Answer 28

• relative age
• presence/absence of pathology
• any abnormalities with the bone
• something that contributed to the cause of death

Question 29

Why were the longitudinal cuts made to the 18 year old female mummy’s legs?

Answer 29

split cutting into the bone to open it up to remove or access the marrow
- suggest cannibalism

Question 30

Were unborn fetuses mummified?

Answer 30

yes
- small bone found surrounding the eye of small figures which shows that it was an unborn fetus turned into a mummy.