Film Art Final 051419 Flashcards
Before the invention of ____________ came about in the 1930s, actors and _____________ like _____________ and _____________ had to devise other means to achieve their goals. A world of painstaking planning, immense courage, and physical skill were often required.
Rear projection
Stunt performers
Buster Keaton
Charlie Chaplin
The derogatory representation of black people in _____________’s THE BIRTH OF A NATION (1915) galvanized African American filmmakers like _____________ to use film as a vehicle to promote self-empowerment.
D.W. Griffith
Oscar Micheaux
_____________: the prolongnation of one image on the retina even while the eye is taking in another.
Persistence of vision
One of the radical feminists of her day, avant-garde director _____________ got her start as a journalist. Her film _____________ (1928) is considered the first _____________ film, and is known for creating a dream-like effect, an impression of something illogical.
Germaine Dulac
THE SEASHELL AND THE CLERGYMAN
Surrealist
In The Republic (360 BC), _____________ described a group of people in a cave watching flickering shadows cast on a wall as voices reverberated.
Plato
_____________ were self-contained mobile centers used in Russia, Siberia, and the Ukraine. They were used to disseminate communist _____________ to a scattered, isolated, and illiterate peasantry.
Agit-trains
Propaganda
_____________: a thin, flexible material coated in light-sensitive emulsion that retains an image after it’s exposed to light. It’s also the end product of the photochemical process.
Film
_____________ is a direct reaction against realism. Its practitioners used extreme distortions in expression to show an inner emotional reality rather than what is on the surface. This art style’s ideology was heavily influenced by the psychoanalytical theories of _____________.
German Expressionism
Sigmund Freud
_____________ reinforces the psychological meaning by way of editing decisions that are made to establish the emotional character of a scene (e.g. two rams butting heads + a fist + people rioting = conflict).
Tonal Editing
In 1880, _____________ invented a device called a _____________, which projected images from rotating glass disks in rapid succession to give the impression of motion.
Eadweard Muybridge
Zoopraxiscope
_____________ became the most expensive silent film ever made, with a budget of $3.9 million.
BEN HUR: A TALE OF THE CHRIST
Working for _____________, Scottish inventor _____________ designed and built a camera ( the _____________) and viewer for watching the films that the camera recorded ( the _____________). He also built the _____________ - a rotating studio where early films were photographed that used the sun as the light source.
Thomas Edison W.K.L. Dickson Kinetograph Kinetoscope Black Maria
The first woman director was _____________.
Alice Guy-Blache
Nickelodeons transformed American urban life. The first audiences were primarily _____________. _____________ (1903) is seen as the first narrative film to achieve _____________, and is also credited for fueling the Nickelodeon boom.
Working class
THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY
Continuity of action
Supporters of _____________ turned a cold eye on the new Germany: its desperate prostitutes, crippled war veterans, and alienated urban landscapes. In cinema, this new style depicted the grim social realism of the “streets,” as seen in the 1929 film _____________ (directed by _____________ and starring American actress Louis Brooks).
New Objectivity
PANDORA’S BOX
GW Pabst
Ancient form of storytelling that used articulated figures manipulated in front of an illuminated
backdrop to create the illusion of moving images. The stories were structured on communal myths or
morality tales.
Shadow puppets
An optical device used in drawing, this ancestor to photography made Plato’s cave come to
life. From the Latin meaning “dark chamber,” a ________ is essentially a box, tent, or
room with a lens or pinhole in one end, and a reflective surface like a mirror at the other.
Light travels through the hole and displays an inverted image on a mirror. The ________ became a tool to help artists to study or trace.
The Camera Obscura
Object: Images were projected in planned sequences in order
to tell tales; operators were able to create the illusion
of movement by using multiple slides or transitions.
Magic Lanterns
Invented in France in the 1750s, this variation on the magic lantern was
a mobile device that was used to project images of ghosts, skeletons,
and demons on to screens, smoke, or walls, creating a frightening
display; a precursor to the horror film.
The Phantasmagoria
Plato’s theory of ___________ (relating to the prolongation of one image on the retina even while the eye is taking in another)
Persistence of Vision: The Illusion of Movement
A frame rate below _______ causes the mind to see flashing images
16 frames/s
Most 19th century ________ had 13 slots and
consisted of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in
the sides. As the cylinder spins the user looks
through the slits at the pictures on the opposite
side of the cylinder’s interior.
Zoetropes
The first camera was called the __________. It was invented in _________ by ___________.
Daguerrotype
1839
Louis Daguerre
Who used trip wires to set of 12 equally spaced cameras to demonstrate that at some time all four hooves of a galloping horse leave the ground at once?
Eadweard Muybridge
__________ started Kodak in ___________, which began mass producing _____________.
George Eastman
1888
Plastic roll film
The first true motion picture camera was the:
Kinetograph
was a hand-cranked device that allowed a viewer to look through a lens to see a series of lighted photographic flip cards. Debuting in 1894, the presentation lasted longer than a Kinetoscope film.
The Mutoscope
French brothers __________ and __________ __________ built a combination camera and projector known as the ____________.
Louis and Auguste Lumiere
Cinematographe
The first films of the Lumiere Brothers were called _________. Examples include WORKERS LEAVING THE LUMIERE FACTORY, ARRIVAL OF A TRAIN AT A STATION, and BABY’S LUNCH.
Actualities
The Edison Company’s first device for projecting motion pictures
The Vitascope
Who is the ‘forefather’ of animation?
J. Stuart Blackton
The owner and operator of the Theatre Robert Houdin. He bought his first
camera from the Lumières, and began showing the “trick”
films he produced in his own
theater in 1897.
George Melies
Who is considered cinema’s first narative artist?
George Melies
Widely illegally copied, ____________’s film ___________ (1902) is considered to be one of the first science fiction films.
George Melies
A TRIP TO THE MOON
What was cinema’s first Western?
THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY
Director of THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY:
Edwin S. Porter
A technique of cutting back and forth between action occurring in two different locations
Cross-cutting / Parallel editing
This film was the film industry’s first spectacular box-office success:
THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY
Director of A CORNER IN WHEAT:
D. W. Griffith
What was a nickelodeon?
a Movie theater
The first woman director:
Alice Guy-Blache
The first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition
The Biograph Company
Who founded Biograph?
W. K. L. Dickson
Did the first production facilities mainly start in New York or Los Angeles?
New York
___________ (also known as the Trust) was led by
Thomas Edison and included patent-holders and
prominent producers who hoped to take control of
the industry by licensing equipment and film stock
only to its members and other licensees.
The MPPC
The first producer to shoot scenes of a film in Los Angeles:
The Selig Polyscope Company
The first real publicized celebrity in LA:
Florence Lawrence
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ joined Keystone in 1912 and soon moved to its new Los Angeles studio. He was the most successful producer of comedy shorts in the silent era. The studio’s roster of stars
Mack Sennett
The first female star to earn a yearly salary of more than $1 million.
Mary Pickford
Director of INTOLERANCE:
D. W. Griffith
Director of THE BIRTH OF A NATION:
D. W. Griffith
What were the years for WWI?
1914-1918
When did women get the right to vote?
1920
In 1917, the German general Erich Ludendorff ordered the merger of the main German production, distribution, and exhibition companies into the government-subsidized conglomerate __________.
UFA
THE CABINET OF DR. CALIGARI is a prime example of:
German Expressionism
Director of METROPOLIS:
Fritz Lang
Director of NOSFERATU:
F. W. Murnau
Who was the master of New Objectivity?
G. W. Pabst
Cutting from a shot of a character’s glance to one of what the character sees
Cutting on action
A shot in a sequence that is taken from the reverse angle of the shot previous to it
Reverse angle shot
Director of PANDORA’S BOX:
G. W. Pabst
Director of M:
Fritz Lang
When did the Weimar Era end?
In 1933 when Hitler came to power
A style or movement in the arts that aims to break with classical and traditional forms
Modernism
___________was based on Dadaism - art that bases creativity on randomness and imagination
Surrealism
One of the leading radical feminists of her day, French journalist and avant-garde director
Germaine Dulac
Director of THE SEASHELL AND THE CLERGYMAN:
Germaine Dulac
Director of UN CHIEN ANDALOU:
Luis Bunuel
When did Avant-Garde films end?
With the advent of sound in motion pictures in 1920s
_____________ showed that viewers thought they
saw different emotions (i.e. hunger, joy, sorrow) on his face
even though his expression never changed.
The Kuleshov Effect
Director of STRIKE:
Sergei Eisenstein
Director of BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN:
Sergei Eisenstein
Director of THE MAN WITH THE MOVIE CAMERA:
Dziga Vertov
