Files CH2

Question 1

Phonetics

Answer 1

study of the minimal units that make up language

Question 2

articulatory phonetics

Answer 2

the study of the production of speech sounds

Question 3

acoustic phonetics

Answer 3

the study of the transmission and the physical properties of speech sounds

Question 4

auditory phonetics

Answer 4

the study of the perception of speech sounds

Question 5

X-Ray Photography

Answer 5

X-rays used in conjunction with sound film

Question 6

palatography

Answer 6

to observe contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth, and instruments to measure airflow and air pressure during speech. Ultrasound is also used and is particularly useful for imaging the full tongue during articulation.

Question 7

sound spectrograph.

Answer 7

To study acoustic phonetics, phoneticians use pictures of the sounds. These pictures help acoustic phoneticians explore the physical properties of sounds.

Question 8

impressionistic phonetic transcription

Answer 8

simplest and most basic method of phonetic analysis. a method of writing down speech sounds in order to capture what is said and how it is pronounced.

Question 9

co-articulation

Answer 9

influence of one sound on a neighboring sound

Question 10

speech stream into two main categories:

Answer 10

segments and suprasegmentals.

Question 11

Segments

Answer 11

the discrete units of the speech stream and can be further subdivided into the categories consonants (File 2.2) and vowels (File 2.3). These sounds are transcribed easily using discrete symbols like [p] and [i].

Question 12

Suprasegmentals

Answer 12

can be said to “ride on top of” segments in that they often apply to entire strings of consonants and vowels—these are properties such as stress, tone, and intonation (File 2.5). These properties are somewhat more difficult to represent using an alphabetic-like transcription system, and there are many different ways they can be transcribed.

Question 13

consonants

Answer 13

distinguished from vowels in that consonants are produced with a constriction somewhere in the vocal tract that impedes airflow

Question 14

vowels

Answer 14

have at most only a slight narrowing and allow air to flow freely through the oral cavity.

Question 15

monosyllabic

Answer 15

may contain only a single sound

Question 16

syllable

Answer 16

a unit of speech—every utterance contains at least one syllable. A syllable can be broken down into an onset and a rhyme.

Question 17

Onset

Answer 17

In a syllable, any consonant(s) that occurs before the rhyme.

Question 18

rhyme

Answer 18

In a syllable, the vowel and any consonants that follow it.

Question 19

Parts of a rhyme:

Answer 19

nucleus, the vocalic part of rhyme, and the coda, which consists of any final consonants.

Question 20

Vowels have 2 categories

Answer 20

monophthongs and diphthongs

Question 21

monophthongs

Answer 21

simple vowels, composed of a single configuration of the vocal tract,

Question 22

diphthongs

Answer 22

complex vowels, composed of a sequence of two different configurations.

Question 23

Running/continuous speech

Answer 23

The usual form of spoken language, with all the words and phrases run together, without pauses in between them.