File 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The study of Linguistic meaning.

Question 2

Lexical Semantics

Answer 2

Deals with the meaning of words. Subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.

Question 3

Compositional Semantics

Answer 3

Subfield of semantics that studies meanings of phrasal expressions and how those meanings arise given the meaning of lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 4

Sense

Answer 4

A mental representation of an expressions meaning.

Question 5

Reference

Answer 5

A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world. Collection of all Referents of an expression.

Question 6

Referents

Answer 6

An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.

Question 7

Mental Image

Answer 7

A conception of a world’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning.

Question 8

Usage Based Definition

Answer 8

A characterization of a word’s sense based on the way that the words is used by the speakers of a language.

Question 9

Hyponymy

Answer 9

A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some words X is included in the reference of some word Y. X is then said to be a hyponym of Y, and conversely, Y is said to be a Hypernym of X.

Question 10

Hywernym

Answer 10

X is then said to be a hyponym of Y, and conversely, Y is said to be a Hypernym of X.

Question 11

Sister Terms

Answer 11

Words that. in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy, i.e. have exactly the same hypernyms.

Question 12

Synonymy

Answer 12

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same. i.e. couch and sofa.

Question 13

Antonymy

Answer 13

A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite.

Question 14

Complimentary Antonym

Answer 14

Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word, or neither; and such that saying of something that is not a member of the set denoted by the first word implicated that it is in the set denoted by the second word.

Question 15

Gradable Antonyms

Answer 15

Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.

Question 16

Reverses

Answer 16

Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that “undoes” the movement suggested by the other.

Question 17

Converses

Answer 17

Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.

Question 18

Truth Value

Answer 18

Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.

Question 19

Truth conditions

Answer 19

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world on order for the preposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 20

Mutual Entailment

Answer 20

The relationship between two prepositions where they entail one another.

Question 21

Incompatible

Answer 21

The relationship between two prepositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 22

Principle of Compotionality

Answer 22

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from that meaning of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 23

Idioms

Answer 23

A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.

Question 24

Pure Intersection

Answer 24

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are both in the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.

Question 25

Intersective Adjectives

Answer 25

An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 26

Relative Intersection

Answer 26

Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative by the noun reference.

Question 27

Subsective Intersection

Answer 27

An adjective whose reference is included in the set of things that noun it modifies refers to.

Question 28

Non-Intersection

Answer 28

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things.

Question 29

Anti-Intersection Adjectives

Answer 29

An adjective whose referents are not in a set referred to by the noun it modifies.

Question 30

Preposition

Answer 30

Lexical Category and a syntactic category that consist of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc..