File 5 Vocab

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Question 2

grammar

Answer 2

the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics.

Question 3

constituents

Answer 3

a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure.

Question 4

phrases

Answer 4

any group of words, often carrying a special idiomatic meaning; in this sense it is synonymous with expression.

Question 5

pronominalisation

Answer 5

a phrase that functions as a pronoun. pronominal phrase.

Question 6

pro-form

Answer 6

a word or lexical unit that is dependent for its meaning on reference to some other part of the context or sentence in which it occurs

Question 7

wh-pronoun

Answer 7

The pronouns who, whose, which, and what can be the subject or object of a verb.

Question 8

gapping

Answer 8

the omission of a verb in the second of two coordinate clauses

Question 9

prepositional

Answer 9

a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do it for ?”.

Question 10

phrases

Answer 10

a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.

Question 11

adjective phrases

Answer 11

a phrase the head word of which is an adjective

Question 12

verb phrases

Answer 12

the part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.

Question 13

adverb phrases

Answer 13

is a multi-word expression operating adverbially

Question 14

word-classes

Answer 14

a category of words of similar form or function; a part of speech.

Question 15

syntactic categories

Answer 15

a type of syntactic unit that theories of syntax assume.

Question 16

parts-of-speech

Answer 16

a category of words that have similar grammatical properties.

Question 17

lexical categories

Answer 17

classes of words (e.g., noun, verb, preposition), which differ in how other words can be constructed out of them.

Question 18

determiners

Answer 18

a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context.

Question 19

phrase structure rules

Answer 19

a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language’s syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957.

Question 20

subordinate clauses

Answer 20

a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause

Question 21

subject-verb agreement

Answer 21

the subject and verb must agree in number.

Question 22

transitive verb

Answer 22

a verb that accepts one or more objects.

Question 23

intransitive verb

Answer 23

does not allow a direct object. This is a distinctive from a transitive verb, which takes one or more objects.

Question 24

di-transitive

Answer 24

a verb which takes a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient.

Question 25

direct object

Answer 25

a noun phrase denoting a person or thing that is the recipient of the action of a transitive verb

Question 26

indirect object

Answer 26

a noun phrase referring to someone or something that is affected by the action of a transitive verb (typically as a recipient)

Question 27

adverbial

Answer 27

a word or phrase functioning like an adverb.

Question 28

complement

Answer 28

a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression.

Question 29

predicative complement

Answer 29

follows a linking Verb ; it is normally an adjective or a noun that renames or defines in some way the subject.Jun

Question 30

internal structure

Answer 30

words and forms a core part of linguistic study today.

Question 31

schema

Answer 31

describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.

Question 32

building block

Answer 32

a basic unit from which something is built up.

Question 33

substitution

Answer 33

the replacement of a word or phrase with a “filler” word (such as one, so, or do) to avoid repetition.