File 5 Vocab Flashcards
Syntax
the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
grammar
the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics.
constituents
a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure.
phrases
any group of words, often carrying a special idiomatic meaning; in this sense it is synonymous with expression.
pronominalisation
a phrase that functions as a pronoun. pronominal phrase.
pro-form
a word or lexical unit that is dependent for its meaning on reference to some other part of the context or sentence in which it occurs
wh-pronoun
The pronouns who, whose, which, and what can be the subject or object of a verb.
gapping
the omission of a verb in the second of two coordinate clauses
prepositional
a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do it for ?”.
phrases
a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
adjective phrases
a phrase the head word of which is an adjective
verb phrases
the part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.
adverb phrases
is a multi-word expression operating adverbially
word-classes
a category of words of similar form or function; a part of speech.
syntactic categories
a type of syntactic unit that theories of syntax assume.
parts-of-speech
a category of words that have similar grammatical properties.
lexical categories
classes of words (e.g., noun, verb, preposition), which differ in how other words can be constructed out of them.
determiners
a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context.
phrase structure rules
a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language’s syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957.
subordinate clauses
a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause
subject-verb agreement
the subject and verb must agree in number.
transitive verb
a verb that accepts one or more objects.
intransitive verb
does not allow a direct object. This is a distinctive from a transitive verb, which takes one or more objects.
di-transitive
a verb which takes a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient.
direct object
a noun phrase denoting a person or thing that is the recipient of the action of a transitive verb
indirect object
a noun phrase referring to someone or something that is affected by the action of a transitive verb (typically as a recipient)
adverbial
a word or phrase functioning like an adverb.
complement
a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression.
predicative complement
follows a linking Verb ; it is normally an adjective or a noun that renames or defines in some way the subject.Jun
internal structure
words and forms a core part of linguistic study today.
schema
describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.
building block
a basic unit from which something is built up.
substitution
the replacement of a word or phrase with a “filler” word (such as one, so, or do) to avoid repetition.
