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Eng 211: Linguistics > File 5: Syntax Vocabulary > Flashcards

File 5: Syntax Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

linguistic expression

A

a certain form, certain meaning, and some syantic properties

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2
Q

grammaticality judgment

A

a reflection of speaker’s mental grammar, and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules

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3
Q

syntax

A

how sentences and other phrases can be constructed out of smaller phrases and words

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4
Q

principle of compositionalit

A

The fact that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meaning of the expressions it contains and on the way t hey are syntactically combined

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5
Q

lexical expressions

A

words

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6
Q

syntactic properties

A

expressions that determine behavior

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7
Q

word order

A

how expressions are allowed to be ordered with respect to one another

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8
Q

Co- Occurrence

A

the set of syntactic properties taht determine which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

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9
Q

arguments

A

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well.

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10
Q

complements

A

a non-subject argument of some expression

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11
Q

modifiers

A

adjuncts are sometimes called

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12
Q

agreement

A

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a setence must be infectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

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13
Q

syntactic constituent

A

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression; the smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure rules

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14
Q

morphosyntax

A

the name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

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15
Q

cleft

A

a kind of sentence in which some constituent is displaced (or moved) to the left

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16
Q

substitution

A

a constituency test that involves replacing a constituent with a single word (or simple phrase), such as a pro-form

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17
Q

pro-forms

A

a word that can replace a syntactic constituent

18
Q

syntactic categories

A

consists of a set of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties; that is, they have approximately teh same word order and co-occurrence requirements

19
Q

syntactic distribution

A

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur. if two expressions are interchangeable in all syntactic environments, we say that they have the same syntactic distribution and therefore belong to the same syntactic category

20
Q

noun phrases

A

(NP); the name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

21
Q

nouns

A

(N); consists of words to which the plural suffix -s or suffix -like can be added

22
Q

determiners

A

(Det); the name of a lexical and syntactic category taht consists of expressions such as; the, a, this, all, etc. consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase.

23
Q

count nouns

A

a noun that can be counted and pluralized

24
Q

mass nouns

A

a noun that cannot be counted and cannot be pluralized

25
Q

adjectives

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. the category consists of those expressions that can be noun adjuncts or occur in between a determiner and a noun

26
Q

verb phrase

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions that, if combined with a noun phrase to their left, result in a sentence

27
Q

intransitive verbs

A

the name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

28
Q

ditransitive verbs

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.

29
Q

transitive verbs

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a noun phrase complement,

30
Q

sentential complement verbs

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a sentence as its complement

31
Q

adverb

A

many expressions that can occur in a verb phrase as adjuncts

32
Q

Verb Phrase adjuncts

A

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also begin of category verb phrase

33
Q

Noun adjuncts

A

a kind of adjunct that comobines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulitng expression also being of category noun

34
Q

prepositional phrase

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase

35
Q

lexicon

A

a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their syntactic properties

36
Q

lexical entries

A

a representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language

37
Q

ambiguity

A

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

38
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties

39
Q

syntactic category

A

a group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. all expressions that belong to teh same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

40
Q

lexical expression

A

a linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon

Eng 211: Linguistics (1 decks)

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