File 5 Syntax

Question 1

Grammar

Answer 1

refers to the complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic information and rules that speakers of a given language possess.

Question 2

Syntax

Answer 2

The structure of sentences and the core of a languages grammar.

Question 3

Constituents/Phrases

Answer 3

Syntactic units.

Question 4

pronominalisation

Answer 4

the substitution of a constituent by a

pronoun.

Question 5

Movement

Answer 5

a string of words can be moved to other sentential positions,

Question 6

Coordination test

Answer 6

the third kind of test, constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction and. This conjunction has the wonderful property of combining only constituents
of the same kind.

Question 7

Gapping

Answer 7

gapping behaviour is a fourth kind of test, which

works with certain types of phrases

Question 8

structural ambiguity

Answer 8

In which different interpretations arise through

different sentence structures assigned to the same strings of words.

Question 9

Head (Linguistic Definition)

Answer 9

The most important element of a phrase.

Question 10

Noun Phrases

Answer 10

Phrases headed by a noun.

Question 11

Adjective Phrases

Answer 11

Phrases headed by Adjectives.

Question 12

Verb Phrases

Answer 12

Phrases headed by Verbs.

Question 13

Projections

Answer 13

When the head projects its properties onto the phrases as a whole.

Question 14

word-classes

Answer 14

noun, a preposition, an adjective or a verb.

Question 15

determiners

Answer 15

When my, this and the, form a larger class

Question 16

phrase structure rules

Answer 16

Rules for phrase structure grammars to create sentences.

Question 17

subordinate clauses

Answer 17

Sentences inside other sentences.

Question 18

Clause

Answer 18

a syntactic unit that consists minimally of a verb phrase and its subject.

Question 19

Sentences

Answer 19

the largest syntactic units and they are made up of one or more clauses.

Question 20

matrix clause

Answer 20

a superordinate clause

Question 21

main clause

Answer 21

which refers to clauses that can stand on their own.

Question 22

Predicate

Answer 22

a predicate is that part of a sentence that says something about the subject.

Question 23

subject-verb agreement

Answer 23

a syntactic process which requires

subject and verb to share the same person and number features.

Question 24

Case Forms

Answer 24

forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases

in a sentence or phrase

Question 25

transitive verbs

Answer 25

Verbs that need an object.

Question 26

intransitive verbs

Answer 26

Verbs that cannot take an object.

Question 27

ditransitive

Answer 27

verbs that can take two objects, like give, or show.

Question 28

direct object

Answer 28

One of the objects denotes an entity that

undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb.

Question 29

Indirect object

Answer 29

The other object denotes the goal, the recipient

or the benificiary of the event denoted by the verb

Question 30

adverbial (or adjunct)

Answer 30

as constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subject and object(s).

Question 31

Complement

Answer 31

the term can also
be usefully applied to APs and PPs. Some adjectives like proud can take a complement PP, and prepositions standardly take NPs as their complements.

Question 32

predicative complements

Answer 32

There is
only one participant involved and the NPs that follow the verbs is and became
provide information about the subject.

Question 33

Pro-form

Answer 33

use it interchangeably with the established term pronoun, keeping in mind
that a ‘pro-noun’ is actually a pro-phrase.

Question 34

Wh-Pronoun

Answer 34

pronouns who, whose, which, and what, which can be the subject or object of a verb.

Question 35

syntactic categories

Answer 35

noun, a preposition, an adjective or a verb.

Question 36

lexical categories

Answer 36

noun, a preposition, an adjective or a verb.

Question 37

prepositional phrases

Answer 37

Phrases headed by prepositions.

Question 38

Form

Answer 38

a meaningful unit of speech (such as a morpheme, word, or sentence)

Question 39

Function

Answer 39

general uses of language

Question 40

parts-of-speech

Answer 40

noun, a preposition, an adjective or a verb.