File 5- Syntax

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

a component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expressions out of smaller expressions. Also a name for the subfield of linguistics which studies how expressions can combine to form longer expressions.

Question 2

Linguistic Expression

Answer 2

a piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties

Question 3

Grammatical

Answer 3

a term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules OR syntactically well-formed

Question 4

Ungrammatical

Answer 4

not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules OR syntactically ill-formed

Question 5

Grammaticality Judgement

Answer 5

an instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language

Question 6

Principal of Compositionality

Answer 6

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

Question 7

Lexical Expressions

Answer 7

a piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties

Question 8

Syntactic Properties

Answer 8

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurrence properties

Question 9

Word Order

Answer 9

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression. Also, the set of syntactic properties of expressions that dictates how they can be ordered with respect to other expressions

Question 10

Topicalized

Answer 10

(topicalization) a syntactic process by which (in English) a syntactic constituent occurs in the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion

Question 11

Argument

Answer 11

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well. If the occurrence of expression X in a sentence requires the occurrence of expression Y in that sentence, we say that Y is an argument of X

Question 12

Complement

Answer 12

a non-subject argument of some expression

Question 13

Co-Occurence

Answer 13

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expression in a sentence

Question 14

Syntactic Constituent

Answer 14

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression; the smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance with the phrasal structure rules

Question 15

Cleft

Answer 15

a type of sentence that has the general for it is/was X that Y,

Question 16

Syntactic Categories

Answer 16

a group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. All expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

Question 17

Syntactic Distribution

Answer 17

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur.

Question 18

Sentence

Answer 18

a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur in “Sally thinks that____.”

Question 19

Noun Phrases

Answer 19

the name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

Question 20

Determiners

Answer 20

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase

Question 21

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 21

the name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

Question 22

Verb Phrase

Answer 22

the name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions of syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence

Question 23

Ditransitive Verb

Answer 23

the syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase. A verb that needs two noun phrase complements

Question 24

Transitive Verb

Answer 24

the name of a syntactical category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 25

Noun

Answer 25

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically consists of two words to which the plural suffix -s or the suffix -like can be added. Syntactically, consists of expressions that can combine with determiners to their left, the resulting expression being of category noun phrase

Question 26

Adjective

Answer 26

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which the comparative suffix -er or the suffix -ness can be added. Syntactically, the category of those expressions that can be noun adjuncts or occur in between a determiner and a noun.

Question 27

Preposition

Answer 27

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expression such as of, in, for, with, etc. Syntactically, this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in an expression of category prepositional phrase

Question 28

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 28

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contains preposition and a noun phrase. Can be verb phrase adjunct or noun adjunct.

Question 29

Phrase Structure Rules

Answer 29

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories. Along with the lexicon, phrase structure rules are a part go a descriptive grammar of some language.

Question 30

Lexical Ambiguity

Answer 30

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties

Question 31

Structural Ambiguity

Answer 31

the phenomenon where a single string of words is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression.

Question 32

Lexical Entry

Answer 32

a representation of a lexical and its linguistics properties within a descriptive grammar of some language. A collection of lexical entries constitutes lexicon.

Question 33

Verb Phrase Adjunct

Answer 33

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase

Question 34

Noun Adjunct

Answer 34

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulting expression also being of category noun

Question 35

Morphosyntax

Answer 35

the name for suntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

Question 36

Adjunct

Answer 36

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifier

Question 37

Agreement

Answer 37

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence (e.g. a verb and its subject) must by inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

Question 38

Phrasal Expression

Answer 38

a linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions. A multi-word linguistic expression. A sentence is special kind of phrasal expression.

Question 39

Sentential Complement Verbs

Answer 39

the name of a syntactical category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to the right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a sentence as its complement

Question 40

Adverb

Answer 40

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quirky, well, furiously, etc. Syntactically, adverbs can be verb phrases adjuncts.