File 5

Question 1

linguistic expressions

Answer 1

a piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties.

Question 2

grammaticality judgment

Answer 2

an instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language

Question 3

principle of compositionality

Answer 3

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

Question 4

lexical expressions

Answer 4

a linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon

Question 5

phrasal expressions

Answer 5

a linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions. a multi-word linguistic expression. a sentence is a special kind of phrasal expression

Question 6

subject

Answer 6

an expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in an English sentence

Question 7

object

Answer 7

a noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English. a noun phrase is a complement

Question 8

syntactic properties

Answer 8

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurrence properties

Question 9

word order

Answer 9

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression. also, the set of syntactic properties of expressions that dictates how they can be ordered with respect to other expressions

Question 10

co-occurrence

Answer 10

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

Question 11

argument

Answer 11

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well. if the occurrence of an expression X in a sentence requires the occurrence of an expression Y in that sentence, we say that Y is an argument

Question 12

complements

Answer 12

a non subject argument of some expression

Question 13

adjuncts

Answer 13

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional, also called modifier

Question 14

modifiers

Answer 14

See adjunct

Question 15

agreement

Answer 15

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc

Question 16

syntactic constituent

Answer 16

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression; the smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure rules

Question 17

cleft

Answer 17

a type of sentence that has the general form it is/was X that Y, e.g. it was sally that I wanted to meet. can be used as a constituency test

Question 18

substitution

Answer 18

in syntax, a constituency test that involves replacing a constituent with a single word, such as a pro-form. in language processing, a production error in which one unit is replaced with another

Question 19

pro-forms

Answer 19

a word that can replace a syntactic constituent

Question 20

syntactic categories

Answer 20

a group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. all expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

Question 21

syntactic distribution

Answer 21

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur. if two expressions are interchangeable in all syntactic environments, we sat that they have the same syntactic distribution and therefore belong to the same syntactic category

Question 22

adjectives

Answer 22

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. morphologically, consists of words to which the comparative suffix -er or the suffix -ness can be added. syntactically, the category consists of those expressions that can be noun adjuncts or occur in between a determiner and a noun

Question 23

noun phrases

Answer 23

the name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

Question 24

determiners

Answer 24

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc. syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase

Question 25

mass nouns

Answer 25

in simple terms, a noun that cannot be counted and cannot be pluralized

Question 26

adverb

Answer 26

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc. syntactically adverbs can be verb phrase adjuncts

Question 27

ditransitive verbs

Answer 27

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase. a verb that needs to noun phrase complements

Question 28

sentential complement verbs

Answer 28

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a sentence as its complement

Question 29

intransitive verbs

Answer 29

the name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

Question 30

verb phrase

Answer 30

the name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions that, if combined with a noun phrase to their left, result in a sentence

Question 31

prepositional phrase

Answer 31

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase. can be verb phrase adjuncts or noun adjuncts

Question 32

VP adjuncts

Answer 32

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase

Question 33

N Adjuncts

Answer 33

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulting expression also being of category noun

Question 34

phrase structure rules

Answer 34

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories. along with the lexicon, phrase structure rules are a part of a descriptive grammar of some language

Question 35

lexical entries

Answer 35

a representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language.

Question 36

lexical ambiguity

Answer 36

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties

Question 37

homophony

Answer 37

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form

Question 38

structural ambiguity

Answer 38

the phenomenon where a single string of words is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression

Question 39

ambiguity

Answer 39

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

Question 40

lexicon

Answer 40

a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties