File 3

Question 1

Phonology (108)

Answer 1

The study of how sounds are organized within language and how they interact with each other.

Question 2

Sound Substitution (113)

Answer 2

Speakers use sounds of their native language to replace non-native sounds when pronouncing the words of a foreign language.

Question 3

Phoneme (117)

Answer 3

A set of speech sounds that are perceived to be variants of the same sound.

Question 4

Allophone (117)

Answer 4

Each member of a particular phoneme set.

Question 5

Constrastive Distribution (118)

Answer 5

Two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment.

Question 6

Overlapping Distribution (121)

Answer 6

Sounds that are in constrastive distribution and sounds that are in free variation.

Question 7

Maximally Distinct (133)

Answer 7

Consonants have very few qualities in common with the vowels, and the vowels are likewise very different from the consonants.

Question 8

Obligatory English (129)

Answer 8

Include aspiration, vowel nasalization, vowel lengthening, and liquid and glide devoicing.

Question 9

Flapping (128)

Answer 9

An alveolar stop is realized as when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel.

Question 10

Weakening (128)

Answer 10

Rules: cause sounds to become weaker

Question 11

Palatalization (126)

Answer 11

A special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal.

Question 12

Natural Class (124)

Answer 12

A group of sounds to be a natural class, must include all sounds that share a particular property or set of properties, and not include any sounds that don’t.

Question 13

Dissimilation

Answer 13

Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature.

Question 14

Basic Allophone

Answer 14

The allophone of phoneme that is used when none of the change inducing conditions are fulfilled.

Question 15

Assimilation

Answer 15

A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features.

Question 16

Complementary Distribution

Answer 16

The occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment.

Question 17

Conditioning Environment

Answer 17

Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change.

Question 18

Constrastive

Answer 18

A term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language.

Question 19

Distribution

Answer 19

The set of phonetic environments in which a sound occurs.

Question 20

Free Variation

Answer 20

Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words.

Question 21

Implicational Law

Answer 21

Observation about language universals that takes the form of an implication.

Question 22

Insertion

Answer 22

Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic form is added in the phonetic form.

Question 23

Minimal Pair

Answer 23

Two words that differ only by a single sound in the same position and that have different meanings.

Question 24

Nonconstrastive

Answer 24

A term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language.

Question 25

Obstruent

Answer 25

A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off.