File 2 - Phonetics

Question 1

Palatography

Answer 1

Experimental method that shows the contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth.

Question 2

Sound Spectrograph

Answer 2

Equipment that generates spectrograms from speech input.

Question 3

Diphthongs

Answer 3

A complex vowel, composed of a sequence of two different configurations of the vocal organs.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

The core element of a syllable, carrying stress, length, and pitch. It usually consists of a vowel or syllabic consonant.

Question 5

Coda

Answer 5

In a syllable, any consonants that occur in rhyme after the nucleus.

Question 6

Subglottal System

Answer 6

The part of the respiratory system located below the larynx.

Question 7

Segmental Features

Answer 7

Phonetic characteristics of speech sounds, such as voicing, place of articulation, rounding, etc.

Question 8

Voicing

Answer 8

Vibration of the approximated vocal folds caused by air passing through them. When the vocal folds vibrate, a voiced sound is produced; when the vocal folds do not vibrate, a voiceless sound is produced.

Question 9

Spectogram

Answer 9

A three-dimensional representation of sound in which the vertical axis represents frequency, the horizontal axis represents time, and the darkness of shading represents amplitude.

Question 10

Voicing Bar

Answer 10

The dark band at the bottom of a spectogram that indicates that a sound is voiced.

Question 11

Co-articulation

Answer 11

The adjustment of articulation of a segment o accommodate the phonetic environment it is produced in.

Question 12

Rounding

Answer 12

A property of the production of vowels having to do with whether the lips are rounded or not.

Question 13

Vowel Space

Answer 13

Range of possible vowel sounds of a language from the high front vowel to the high back vowel. Languages and dialects choose a subset of possibilities in the vowel space but do not exploit all possibilities.

Question 14

Palatalized

Answer 14

A term used to describe the articulation of a sound which involves the tongue moving toward the hard palate.

Question 15

Segments

Answer 15

The individual units of the speech stream; segments can be further subdivided into consonants and vowels.

Question 16

Ejectives

Answer 16

Consonant sound produced by compressing air in the mouth or pharynx while the glottis remains closed, and the releasing. It is also called glottalic or glottalized sound, transcribed with a superscripted glottal stop following the segment involved.

Question 17

Edge Tones

Answer 17

A change in fundamental frequency at the end of a phrase, for example, to indicate a question or statement.

Question 18

Periodic Wave

Answer 18

Sound wave that repeats itself at regular intervals.

Question 19

Harmonics

Answer 19

Overtones of the fundamental frequency of the vocal tract; multiple of the fundamental frequency.

Question 20

Primes

Answer 20

With regard to visual-gestural languages, a fundamental element, equivalent in many ways to a phoneme in an auditory-vocal language, with the exception that primes are produced simultaneously, whereas phonemes can be produced only sequentially. In language processing, the stimulus presented in a priming task right before the stimulus of interest.