File 2 - Phonetics Flashcards
Palatography
Experimental method that shows the contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth.
Sound Spectrograph
Equipment that generates spectrograms from speech input.
Diphthongs
A complex vowel, composed of a sequence of two different configurations of the vocal organs.
Nucleus
The core element of a syllable, carrying stress, length, and pitch. It usually consists of a vowel or syllabic consonant.
Coda
In a syllable, any consonants that occur in rhyme after the nucleus.
Subglottal System
The part of the respiratory system located below the larynx.
Segmental Features
Phonetic characteristics of speech sounds, such as voicing, place of articulation, rounding, etc.
Voicing
Vibration of the approximated vocal folds caused by air passing through them. When the vocal folds vibrate, a voiced sound is produced; when the vocal folds do not vibrate, a voiceless sound is produced.
Spectogram
A three-dimensional representation of sound in which the vertical axis represents frequency, the horizontal axis represents time, and the darkness of shading represents amplitude.
Voicing Bar
The dark band at the bottom of a spectogram that indicates that a sound is voiced.
Co-articulation
The adjustment of articulation of a segment o accommodate the phonetic environment it is produced in.
Rounding
A property of the production of vowels having to do with whether the lips are rounded or not.
Vowel Space
Range of possible vowel sounds of a language from the high front vowel to the high back vowel. Languages and dialects choose a subset of possibilities in the vowel space but do not exploit all possibilities.
Palatalized
A term used to describe the articulation of a sound which involves the tongue moving toward the hard palate.
Segments
The individual units of the speech stream; segments can be further subdivided into consonants and vowels.
Ejectives
Consonant sound produced by compressing air in the mouth or pharynx while the glottis remains closed, and the releasing. It is also called glottalic or glottalized sound, transcribed with a superscripted glottal stop following the segment involved.
Edge Tones
A change in fundamental frequency at the end of a phrase, for example, to indicate a question or statement.
Periodic Wave
Sound wave that repeats itself at regular intervals.
Harmonics
Overtones of the fundamental frequency of the vocal tract; multiple of the fundamental frequency.
Primes
With regard to visual-gestural languages, a fundamental element, equivalent in many ways to a phoneme in an auditory-vocal language, with the exception that primes are produced simultaneously, whereas phonemes can be produced only sequentially. In language processing, the stimulus presented in a priming task right before the stimulus of interest.
