Figures For Agriculture Before Communes Flashcards
By the end of 1951, how many landlords had lost their land?
10 million
How much of the land had changed hands 1951?
40%
During redistribution of land, how many died?
700,000-3 million
When were MATs established and how many families encouraged to unite?
1951 and 10 or so
When were successful MATs encouraged to combine and form APCs (Agricultural Producers’ Co-operatives) and how many families?
1952 and 40-50 families
What did APCs allow?
More efficient cultivation
What made APCs attractive to families with larger holdings?
Still allowed to keep some land for personal use, while renting the rest to the APC
How was profit shared out APCs?
According to resources contributed and food produced
How many rural households were in APCs by March 1955?
Only 14%
What prompted Mao to call for a slowdown in the spring of 1953?
In a desire to respond to Mao’s wishes faster change, local officials rushed into creating APCs before properly planned so went into dept and had to borrow money to buy equip
Why did Mao renew the pressure to join APCs?
1954 peasants started buying and selling their land and food, just as they would under capitalism- rejecting revolutionary values
What did better-off peasants usually do when reluctantly joining APCs?
Slaughtered their animals and ate them
What happened in 1954 when the harvest was poor?
Govt requisitioned grain to feed cities but so much rural protests that in Jan 1955, called for halt to APC development for next 18 months
When did Mao make up his mind to go for all-out collectivisation and where did he announce this?
July 1955, to a Conference of Local Party Secretaries
How much did the amount of households in APCs change July 1955- Jan 1956?
17mil households- 75 million then at end if 1956, only 3% farming as individuals
What were the new APCS classed as and how many households did they consist of? The
HPCs and 200-300 households
How were profits shared out in HOCs?
According to work points earned by the labour comtributed
What did this mean (how profits were shared out in HPCs)?
Those who contributed the most land and other assets might find themselves receiving the same rewards for their labour as those who had surrendered the least
Why was collectivisation a tremendous success for Mao?
The state now owned the means of production of food, the land, on which 90% of the population worked
What did the actual process of carrying out the changes increase?
The control of the party exerted over local people at grass-roots level
How did the relationship between the peasants and the CCP change because of collectivisation?
Became servants of the Party, rather than loyal allies whose support had to be earned
How much had food production increased over the period of the First Five-Year Plan?
3.8% per annum- insufficient to sustain the growing industrial workforce
What was low and why?
Amount of cultivated land per head of the population due to low labour productivity
Why was labour productivity low?
Lack of state investment in agriculture
Demotivating as didn’t own own land so did not directly benefit from work they put in
