Figure 1 - Tourism + Development

Question 1

How does tourism have a direct impact on countries?

Answer 1

Directly - by people working in hotels + tourist related activities.

Question 2

Where do tourists often visit?

Answer 2

Often tourists visit places with limited industrial development where job opportunities are limited + local incomes are low.

Question 3

How much of the world’s economy does tourism account for?

Answer 3

The tourism sector often accounts for 13.6% of the world’s economy.

Question 4

Which destination is most reliant on tourism for their income?

Answer 4

Maldives

Question 5

What is the difference in percent between the most reliant destination in tourism + the 20th?

Answer 5

28.6%

Question 6

What is the world’s most popular cruise destination?

Answer 6

The Caribbean

Question 7

How many cruise passengers were there in 2018?

Answer 7

28

Question 8

How much money was generated by the cruise industry in 2019?

Answer 8

Over $130 billion was generated by the global cruise industry.

Question 9

How many ships will be built by 2025?

Answer 9

50 new ocean-going cruise ships have been commissioned to be built by 2025.

Question 10

What is the economic impact of tourism in the Caribbean?

Answer 10

Every hotel room creates at least one job.

Question 11

Describe the multiplier effect of tourism in the Caribbean

Answer 11

For every $100,000 invested in the tourism industry, 50 jobs are created.
* Money is injected into an area→ More jobs are created→ People can afford to buy more→ Local businesses benefit from increased custom→ Area improves through increased wealth→ Wealthier people move into an area.

Question 12

How much money from tourism in the Caribbean goes back into the local economy?

Answer 12

Tourism revenue going back into the local economy:
- Ecotourism 95%.
- All-inclusive package tours 20%.

Question 13

Name an environmental impact of tourism in the Caribbean

Answer 13

Cruise ships in the Caribbean are estimated to produce more than 70 000 tonnes of wastewater per year.

Question 14

Explain the benefits of tourism on the countries most reliant on tourism for their income ( 4 marks )

Answer 14

Tourism means that more jobs need to be done. This can help to regenerate areas by producing more income via jobs. Tourism itself generates income without the increase in jobs. This can be used to improve the quality of live by improving living standards.

Question 15

Positive impacts of tourism in the Caribbean

Answer 15

• can improve facillities for local people (SOCIAL)
• taxes paid by visitors can be spent in improving conditions (SOCIAL + ECONOMIC)
• For every one dollar of visitor spending, an additional $1.6 is generated by long-stay visitors + $1.2 by cruise ship visitors (ECONOMIC)
• every hotel room creates atleast one job (ECONOMIC)
• the marine industry generates 200 million jobs (ECONOMIC)

Question 16

Negative impacts of tourism in the Caribbean

Answer 16

• have to spend money in facillities (ECONOMIC)
• cruise ships in the Caribbean are estimated to produce more than 70 000 tonnes of wastewater per year (ENVIRONMENTAL)

Question 17

What is tourism?

Answer 17

Tourism is when a person travels to another destination for more than 24hrs but less than 1 year.

Question 18

What are the 2 types of tourism?

Answer 18

Tourism can be split into:
* Domestic - staying in your own country.
* International - travelling to another country.

Question 19

What has happened over the last 50 years?

Answer 19

Over the last 50 years mass tourism has expanded into a major global industry, which is still growing.

Question 20

Around how many people become international tourists every year? (pre-pandemic)

Answer 20

An estimated 900 million people become international tourists every year.

Question 21

What is most tourism for?

Answer 21

Most tourism is for leisure(holiday); visiting friends + relatives is second.

Question 22

Main reasons for the rise in tourism can be linked to:

Answer 22

• Transport is faster + cheaper than in the past.
• Booking is easier than ever with internet based travel agents.
• Many governments have invested heavily to encourage tourism (easier to cross borders) or backed international events - Olympics.
• Improved pay, disposable incomes + leave allowances - most households have both partners working less than 40 hourss a week with paid annual leave.
• Attractions such as music festivals, sporting events etc, and increases in ‘built attractions’ such as theme + water parks.

Question 23

What is the largest employer across the globe?

Answer 23

Travel + tourism is the largest employer across the globe + represent 7% of the world’s exports in goods + services.

Question 24

What does the graph ‘international tourist arrivals by world region’ show?

Answer 24

This graph shows the amount of international tourist arrivals by world region in certain years.

Question 25

Describe the graph for 'International tourist arrival by world region' using PAD

Answer 25

* Overall the international tourist arrivals by world region increases between 1950 and 2018. * The increase is quite slow from 1950 to 1980. This increases after 1980. * Between 1980 + 2010 there is a noticeable amount of fluctuations.

Question 26

Which regions has the most increased amount in tourism + how do we know this?

Answer 26

The region which has increased in tourism the most is Europe; it has the largest area under it's graph.

Question 27

What three important development goals does tourism contribute to?

Answer 27

Tourism contributes to three important development goals: * It creates job opportunities → can help to regenerate areas + improve the quality of life by raising living standards. * It generates income. * It has a positive effect on balance of trade → foreign exchange + government revenue generation improves a country's balance of trade.

Question 28

Other benefits of tourism:

Answer 28

* Environmental enhancement - money from tourism can be used to protect + repair the environment. * Infrastructure development - better water supplies. * Social interaction - develops foreign language skills + cultural tourism involves people's heritage.

Question 29

What happens as a consequence of tourism contributing to the three development goals?

Answer 29

Consequently, for many countries the tourism sector plays an important role in development + improves the quality of life for local people.

Question 30

How is the economic effect felt?

Answer 30

The economic effect is felt directly + indirectly, through the multiplier effect, by creating demand for other economic activities.

Question 31

How is the effect felt directly?

Answer 31

- Tourism as a service industry needs staff for hotels, planes, buses, restaurants, lifeguards etc.

Question 32

What industries are impacted by the direct effect + how are they impacted?

Answer 32

* Quaternary - research + development to improve facillities for tourists or management etc. * Provides opportunities + employment in poorer areas of the country.

Question 33

What industries are affected by the indirect effects + how are they impacted?

Answer 33

* Primary - agriculture + providing food or mining of materials to build hotels. * Secondary - for manufacturing of goods - chairs, beds, towels, gifts etc. * Creates openings for small buisnesses + support jobs in the informal sector.

Question 34

What can tourism do?

Answer 34

Tourism can create economic opportunities + increase living standards in some of the poorest parts of a country.

Question 35

How many jobs does the tourim sector account for?

Answer 35

The tourism sector accounts for 9.9% of all jobs.

Question 36

How much income does the tourism sector account for?

Answer 36

The figure for LICs/NEEs is much higher. Tourism ,here, can account for over 20% of the total income. In comparison, tourism accounts for 3.7% of income in the UK, while in the USA the figure is even lower, at 2.6%.

Question 37

How to read a compund line graph( stacked area graph)?

Answer 37

There is a way of extracting information: * Remember it is a line graph. * Only calculate the value of the shaded area you need data for.

Question 38

What does the line graph for Europe show?

Answer 38

* Europe in 1950 had approximately 16.8 million tourist arrivals. * By 1990 this had increased to 265.6 million tourist arrivals. * It continue to increase to 713 million by 2018.