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Advanced higher biology > fieldwork > Flashcards

fieldwork Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 main hazards that should be considered when carrying out fieldwork?

A

Terrain
Weather conditions
Isolation
Contact with harmful organisms

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2
Q

What risks are associated with terrain and what can be done to help minimise these risks?

A

Slipping and tripping- wearing appropriate footwear
Cliffs- wearing a harness
Deep water- life jackets

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3
Q

What risks are associated with weather conditions and what can be done to minimise these risks?

A

Severe weather such as strong winds, ice, heavy rain- check the weather forecast to see if it is appropriate to conduct research and wear appropriate clothing such as a raincoat

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4
Q

What risks are associated with isolation and what can be done to minimise these risks?

A

Being a far distance from medical help and transport links- consider evacuation procedures before going, tell people where you are going and bring radios to be able to communicate with others

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5
Q

What should be included in a risk assessment?

A

Identification of hazards associated with the fieldwork and location
Evaluation of the risks
Evaluation of the severity of hazards
Identification of appropriate ways to reduce the risk level of the hazard
Records of the safe working practices

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6
Q

What is important to be considered when coming up with techniques for fieldwork?

A

The impact on the ecosystem

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7
Q

What is a point count?

A

Observation of organisms from a fixed location- This is often used for determining species abundance

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8
Q

What is a transect?

A

A way of determining changes in a community across and environment gradient

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9
Q

What will have an impact of the width of a transect?

A

Variation in the community- the wider the band the higher the variation is. The width changes to make sure data is representative

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10
Q

What is remote detection?

A

Using sensors such as satellites to survey global vegetation and gathering data in areas that are difficult to access

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11
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A standard sized area that is being sampled each time a measurement is made. This is done in areas where it is unrealistic to survey the entire area and will help to reduce bias and increase reliability

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12
Q

What is important to be considered when using capture techniques?

A

That the animal is released unharmed

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13
Q

What is an example of a capture technique for birds?

A

A mist net

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14
Q

What is an elusive species?

A

Animals that are very difficult to sample through normal observation

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15
Q

How can an elusive species be monitored?

A

Through camera traps and scat sampling

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16
Q

Why might a species be elusive?

A

They could be very rare or live in a densely vegetated habitat or have a behaviour that makes them difficult to see

17
Q

What is the name for the study of evolutionary history and relationships among individuals using DNA sequences and protein structure called?

A

Phylogenetics

18
Q

What characteristics fit into the arthropoda classification?

A

invertebrates with jointed legs and a segmented body

19
Q

What characteristics fit into the nematoda classification?

A

round worms

20
Q

What characteristics fit into the chordata classification?

A

vertebrates and others with a dorsal or spinal notochord

21
Q

What is a model species used for?

A

To obtain information that can be applied to a species that are hard to study and are within the same taxonomic group as the model organism

22
Q

What are the benefits of a model organism?

A

They can easily be kept and studied in captivity

23
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

A species that’s abundance, presence and absence can give information on environmental conditions

24
Q

What are 5 methods of marking?

A

Banding
Tagging
Surgical implantation- such as a microchip
Painting
Hair clipping

25
Q

What is latency?

A

The time between the stimulus occurring and response behaviour

26
Q

What is duration?

A

The length of time each individual behaviour occurs

27
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of times a behaviour occurs over a set period of time

28
Q

What is a time budget?

A

The amount or proportion of time animals spend conducting each different behaviour

29
Q

What is an ethogram?

A

A diagram that shows behaviours of a species in a wild context and the time each of these is carried out for

30
Q

What is anthropomorphism?

A

Giving wild animals human characteristics/emotions

31
Q

Why should anthropomorphism be avoided?

A

It can lead to behaviours being misinterpreted and conclusions reached to be invalid

Advanced higher biology (2 decks)

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