FIELDWORK Flashcards
What are the two types of data?
Quantitative and Qualitative
What is quantitative data?
Numerical data
What is qualitative data?
non - numerical data
What is the other type of data?
Primary and secondary data
What is primary data?
Data that is personally conducted and is reliable but time consuming
What is secondary data?
Information that has already been collected. This data is easily available but can be out of data and unreliable
What is a sample?
A small survey of a number of sites or people to gain an understanding of the characteristics of a larger area.
sample method - random
This is where data is going to be collected are selected at random . It avoids bias but data can be not evenly distributed and not easy to access..
sample method - systematic
the sample is agreed upon using a specific rule when out in the field. The data is evenly distributed and is ensures good coverage of the area. However, it may be bias and may not be representative.
Sample method - Stratified
A sample frame made up of sub-sets is used to choose the sites it needs to be representative and proportional to the total area. You have to conduct research and bias is introduced.
EQI (Environmental quality index)
Use opposite adjectives or opposite descriptors to assess the quality of the environment. These opposite statements can be used to capture the viewpoints of the students themselves or the member of the public.
limitations of EQI
- subjective - less accurate
- scale - when in the middle is useless
likert survey
Asses the strength of response to an issue. They can be used to investigate whether different groups of people hold similar or different opinions. They are useful in fieldwork that investigates opinions about concepts such as place, sustainability or risk.
advantage and disadvantage of likert survey
Advantage
- collect a lot of data fairly quick
disadvantage
- scale - people can put neither agree and disagree.
river measurement -risks
slipping on rocks and falling into the river
river measurement-factors that could affect the accuracy
rocks
bar graph advantage and disadvantage
advan
- very quick and easy to draw.
- easy to understand and make comparisons
disadvan:
- can be difficult to read accurately
- data could be over-simplified
line graphs advantage and disadvantages
advan:
- they are quick and easy to plot, simple to read
- multiple sets of data can be shown using different colours making it easy to compare
Disadvan:
- can only be used for continuous sets of data
pie charts advantages and disadvantages
advan:
-They are visually effective as it is easy to compare relative proportions of each segment
disadvan:
- Can over emphasise large values and therefore smaller values are not clear
- hard to read when they is a lot of categories
- need to calculate to plot them
Histogram advantages and disadvantages
advan:
- you can accurately plot large data sets
- simple plot and read and understand
- shows change over time
disadvan:
- can only be used for continuous sets of data
scatter graphs advantages and disadvantages
advan:
- can compare two sets of data
disadvan:
- the line of best fit can be hard to plot
compound line graph advantages and disadvantages
advan:
- easy to see which value takes up the biggest share or has changed most over time
disadvantage:
- not easy to read
accurately
radar graphs advantages and disadvantages
Advan:
- lots of data can be shown on one graph
- easy to compare multiple data sets and individual variables
Disadvan:
- can be difficult to draw the axis and scale.
Pictograms advantage and disadvantage
Advan:
- they are visually effective way of representing data
- easy to read and compare
disadvan:
- the images can be confusing if not carefully selected
- hard to get the scale right
