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Physics A-Level > Fields, Particles and Frontiers of Physics > Flashcards

Fields, Particles and Frontiers of Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Activity

A

The number of radioactive decays per unit time. Measured in Becquerels (Bq)

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2
Q

Electric Field Strength

A

Force per unit positive charge

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3
Q

Magnetic Flux Density

A

A measure of the strength of the magnetic field as given by B= F/ILSin(x)

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4
Q

Magnetic Field

A

A region in space where a magentic pole experiences a force. It goes from N to S

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5
Q

Magnetic Field Strength

A

Another name for Magnetic Flux Density

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6
Q

Magnetic Flux Linkage

A

The product of the magnetic flux and the number of turns on the coil it passes through. Given by N x Magnetic Flux.

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7
Q

Unit of Magnetic Flux Linkage

A

Weber Turns

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8
Q

Unit of Magnetic Flux Density

A

Tesla

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9
Q

Unit of Magnetic Flux

A

Weber

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10
Q

Tesla

A

1T is the magentic flux density that will produce a force of 1N on 1m of wire carrying a current of 1A perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.

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11
Q

Lenz’s Law

A

The direction of any induced current is in the direction that opposes the flux change that causes it.

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12
Q

Faraday’s Law

A

The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage

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13
Q

What is Flemings Left Hand rule used for?

A

Electric Motors

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14
Q

What is Flemings Right Hand rule used for?

A

Generators and electromagnetic induction.

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15
Q

Capacitance

A

The charge stored per unit potential difference, as given by C = Q/V

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16
Q

Farad

A

1F is 1C of charge stored per volt

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17
Q

Unit of Capacitance

A

Farad

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18
Q

Time Constant

A

The time taken for the charge remaining on a capacitor to fall to 1/e of its original value. Found by CR, measured in seconds.

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19
Q

Proton Number

A

The number of protons inside a certain nucleus. Also known as the atomic number.

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20
Q

Nucleon Number

A

The number of neutrons added to the number of protons inside a certain nucleus. An alternative name for mass number.

21
Q

What are Pions and Kaons? (Family Tree)

A

Meson

22
Q

What is a Proton? (Family Tree)

A

Baryon

23
Q

What is a Neutron? (Family Tree)

A

Baryon

24
Q

What is an Electron? (Family Tree)

A

Lepton

25
Q

Charge of an Up Quark

A

+2/3

26
Q

Charge of a Down Quark

A

-1/3

27
Q

Baryon number of a Quark

A

+1/3

28
Q

Quark Structure of a Proton

A

uud

29
Q

Quark Structure of a Neutron

A

udd

30
Q

Fundamental Particle

A

A particle that cannot be broken down into smaller components (e.g Leptons)

31
Q

Isotopes

A

Nuclides with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

32
Q

B+ decay in terms of quarks

A

uud -> udd

33
Q

B- decay in terms of quarks

A

udd -> uud

34
Q

B+ decay produces which particles?

A

Electron-neutrino and positron

35
Q

B- decay produces which particles?

A

Electro-antineutrino and electron

36
Q

Decay Constant

A

The probability of radioactive decay given by lambda = A/N

37
Q

Unit of Decay Constant

A

s-1

38
Q

Half-life

A

The average time taken for the activity of a radioactive source to decrease to one half of its original value.

39
Q

Binding Energy

A

The energy required to separate an atom into its component parts

40
Q

Binding Energy per nucleon

A

The average energy required to remove a nucleon from the nucleus.

41
Q

Intensity

A

Power per unit cross sectional area.

42
Q

Compton Effect

A

The effect whereby X-rays are deflected off particles have a longer wavelength than their initial wavelength.

43
Q

Doppler effect

A

The change in wavelength caused by the relative motion between the wave source and an observer

44
Q

Piezoelectric effect

A

The change in volume of certain crystals when a p.d. is applied across them. Alternatively an emf is produced when certain crystals are placed under stress.

45
Q

Olbers Paradox

A

With an infinite amount of stars in an infinite universe, no matter what direction you look, you will always see a star along your line of sight. Therefore the night sky will be as bright as the day sky.

46
Q

Critical Density

A

The average density of the universe for which the universe will expand towards a finite limit which will result in a flat universe.

47
Q

Two assumptions of Olbers Paradox.

A

1) Universe is homogenous, 2) Universe is infinite

48
Q

Hubble’s Law

A

The speed of recession of a galaxy is proportional to its

distance from Earth.

Physics A-Level (2 decks)

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