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Physics A-level Paper 2 > Fields > Flashcards

Fields Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a force field?

A

a region in which a body experiences a non-contact force

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2
Q

How is a force field represented?

A

as a vector

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3
Q

How is a force field created?

A

interaction of mass/ static charge between moving charges

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4
Q

What are the similarities between electrostatic and gravitational forces?

A

Both have inverse-square force laws that have
many characteristics in common,
eg use of field lines, use of potential concept, equipotential surfaces etc

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5
Q

What are the differences between electrostatic and gravitational forces?

A

gravitational always attractive but electrostatic charges can repel

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6
Q

What is gravity?

A

Universal attractive force acting between all matter

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7
Q

How do you calculate the magnitude of the force between two point masses?

A

F = GMm/(r^2)

Newton’s law of gravitation

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8
Q

What is G?

A

the gravitational constant, 5.57 x10^-11

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9
Q

What is field strength?

A

the force applied by the field onto an object within the field

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10
Q

How does mass affect the force of gravity?

A

the larger the mass, the larger the force of attraction

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11
Q

What is a gravitational field line?

A

a line which indicates the direction of the gravitational force that would act on a test mass placed in the field

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12
Q

What is a test mass?

A

a mass small enough not to affect the shape of the field with its own gravity

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13
Q

What is the value of the Earth’s gravitational field strength, g

A

9.81

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14
Q

How is gravitational potential energy calculated?

A

V = -GM/r

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15
Q

Why is potential energy negative?

A

because work must be done to move towards infinity (against the force of attraction)

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16
Q

What is work done in a gravitational field?

A

the GPE gained, W=mΔV

17
Q

What is a satellite?

A

something which orbits something else, eg moons, planets, stars etc

18
Q

Which way does an electric field travel?

A

positive to negative

19
Q

What is an electric field?

A

a region when a charged object will experience a force

20
Q

What is meant by charge?

A

1C of charge is transported by 1A of current in 1second

21
Q

What is static electricity?

A

a build up of electric charge on the surface of one object due to the removal or addition of electrons, usually caused by friction.

22
Q

What does it mean if field lines are closer together?

A

the field is stronger

23
Q

What is Coulomb’s law?

A

F = 1/4πε x QQ/r^2

24
Q

Are gravitational fields radial or uniform?

A

radial as they only noticeably occur in large masses (eg planets). the closer you get to the surface the more uniform they appear

25
Q

Are electric fields radial or uniform?

A

both

26
Q

How does the force experienced by a charge in a uniform electric field change?

A

it doesn’t

27
Q

How is electric potential calculated?

A 
V = E/Q
v = 1/4πε x Q/R
28
Q

At which point from an electric field is there 0 potential energy?

A

infinity

29
Q

At which point from a gravitational field is there 0 potential energy?

A

infinity

30
Q

on a graph of gravitational field strength, g, against radius, r, what is given by the area under the graph?

A

Change in gravitational potential, ΔV

31
Q

What is Kepler’s 3rd Law?

A

T^2 ∝ r^3

32
Q

Define escape velocity.

A

the lowest velocity which a body must have in order to escape the gravitational attraction of a particular planet or other object

33
Q

What is a geosynchronous orbit?

A

when an object is in a geosynchronous orbit around another, it appears to remain in a fixed point above one location on the surface. its orbit has the same time period as the planet in which it is orbiting, and so has a greater velocity as it must travel further (larger r from centre of earth than point on surface of earth)

34
Q

On a graph of E against r, what does the area under the curve represent?

A

ΔV

Physics A-level Paper 2 (3 decks)

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