Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 30 > Field Test / Diploma Review > Flashcards

Field Test / Diploma Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are examples of disturbing effects?

A

Forest fires, floods, volcanic eruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is succession?

A

Sequence of invasion and replacement of species in an ecosystem over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the kinds of succession?

A
  1. Primary (no soil)
  2. Secondary (disturbance that doesn’t fully take soil)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the communities found in succession?

A
  • Pioneer Community (lichen)
  • Climax community (animals or forests)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a community?

A

Interacting populations that inhabit a defined area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the types of competition?

A
  • Interspecific (between 2 or more populations for limited resources)
  • Intraspecific (between members of the same species for limited resources)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are symbiotic relationships?

A
  • Mutualism (both benefit)
  • Commensalism (one benefits and the others is unaffected)
  • Parasitism (one benefits the other is harmed)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the distribution patterns of populations?

A
  • Random
  • Clumped
  • Uniform
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the types of life strategies?

A

r selected

  • short life
  • early reproductive age
  • large # offspring
  • little paternal care

K selected

  • live close to carrying capacity
  • few offspring
  • parental care longer
  • larger bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

A change in allele frequencies due to chance events

  • Founder effect (small break off population that isn’t a true genetic representation of the parent population)
  • Bottleneck effect (Dramatic and temporary reduction in population size)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is gene flow?

A

The net movement of alleles from one population to another due to the migration of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms of the same species that live together in a defined area and time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a gene pool?

A

The sum of all alleles for all the genes in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is DNA composed of?

A
  • 5 carbon sugar
  • Phosphate
  • Nitrogen base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a gene and genome?

A
  • sub unit of DNA that directs production of proteins
  • All the DNA carried in each cell of an organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 characteristics crucial to gene expression?

A
  • Code is redundant
  • Code is continuous
  • Code is universal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the characteristics of RNA?

A
  • Contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar
  • U replaces T
  • Single and short strand
18
Q

Define Homeostasis:

A

State of relative stability within the body

19
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

The system that monitors/controls all body processes

20
Q

What are the cells of the nervous system?

A
  • Neurons (basic structural/functional unit and conducts electrochemical signal)
  • Glial cells (nourish, remove waste and protect neurons
21
Q

What are the 3 main types of neuron?

A
  • Sensory (gathers info from sensory receptors and signals CNS)
  • Interneurons (link sensory and motor neurons - process/integrates info)
  • Motor (transmits info from CNS to muscles, glands, and organs)
22
Q

What are the structures of neuron cell?

A
  • Dendrites (receive nerve impulses)
  • Cell body (processes input from dendrites and site of metabolic processes)
  • Axon (conducts impulse away from cell body)
  • Branching ends (releases chemical signal to neighboring cells)
  • Myelin sheath (protects neuron and speeds up nerve impulse)

-

23
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A
  • Body reacts rapidly in danger
  • Involuntary and unlearned
  • Signal skips brain processing
  • Few neurons involved
24
Q

What are the components of signal transmission?

A
  • Synapse (region between neurons)
  • Neuromuscular junction (synapse between a motor neuron and muscle cell)
  • Synaptic knob (end of axon - branches)
  • Presynaptic neuron (carries impulses to synapse)
  • Postsynaptic neuron (receives impulses away from synapse)
  • Neurotransmitter (chemical messenger that transmits signal from pre to postsynaptic neuron)
25
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A
  • Stored in the presynaptic neuron in synaptic vesicles
  • Most common acetylcholine or norepinephrine
  • Only present in synaptic bulbs
26
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A
  • Structural and functional center
  • Neural integration and processing
  • Brain + Spine
  • Protected by bones, meninges, and fluid
27
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain?

A
  • Forebrain
  • Midbrain
  • Hindbrain
28
Q

What are the 3 parts of the hindbrain?

A
  • Pons (bridge between left and right side of brain)
  • Medulla Oblongata (homeostatic functions)
  • Cerebellum (position, body movement, motor skills)
29
Q

What does the midbrain do?

A

Relays visual and audio info between the forebrain and hindbrain

30
Q

What are the 3 parts of the forebrain?

A
  • Cerebrum (coordination, consciousness, personality, reasoning, memory, intellect, and is divided into left and right hemispheres)
  • Thalamus (relays sensor info for interpretation)
  • Hypothalamus (regulates homeostasis)
31
Q

What are the lobes of the hemispheres?

A
  • Frontal (intellect + motor movement + skeletal muscle control)
  • Occipital (vision)
  • Parietal (sensory and position)
  • Temporal (audio)
32
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

thick band of fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain and transferring signals

33
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Senses physical/chemical stimuli and sends a message to the CNS

34
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

A
  • Somatic (voluntary motor output)
  • Autonomic (involuntary motor output)
35
Q

What are the 2 sub-systems of the Autonomic division?

A
  • Sympathetic (fight or flight)
  • Parasympathetic (rest and digest)
36
Q

What is sensation vs. perception?

A
  • signals sent to brain from receptors
  • brain interprets those signals
37
Q

What are the 4 categories of receptors?

A
  • Photoreceptors (rods + cones that detect brightness/color)
  • Chemoreceptors (stimulated by chemicals = tongue)
  • Mechanoreceptors (stimulated by mechanical energy = ear hair)
  • Thermoreceptors (stimulated by heat = skin)
38
Q

What are the 4 layers of the eye?

A
  • Sclera (main layer)
  • Choroid (blood vessels, nourishes eye and contains iris, lens, AH)
  • Retina (cones + rods)
  • Cornea (outermost layer in front of lens)
39
Q

What are the other parts of the eye?

A
  • Iris (muscles that protect from bright light)
  • Lens (camera + focuses light)
  • Aqueous humor (fluid between cornea and lens)
  • Vitreous humor (fluid between lens and retina)
  • Optic nerve (relays info to brain)
40
Q

What are the parts of the ear?

A
  • Pinna (focuses sound)
  • Auditory canal (passageway + amplifies)
  • Typanum (vibrates)
  • Ossicles (amplifies sound)
  • Eustachian tube (throat)
  • Semicircular canal (balance)
  • Cochlea (hearing)
  • Organ of corti (receptors + relay)
41
Q

What are the 2 types of gland?

A
  • Endocrine (inside body to target cells)
  • Exocrine (outside body)

Biology 30 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions