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Eq Special Topics > Field Anesthesia > Flashcards

Field Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

IV anesthesia can be safely used for up to _______

A

1 hours; any longer and ideally they would be in hospital under GA with intense monitoring

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2
Q

Why do horses have a higher mortality under anesthesia than other species?

A

Age - Foals <10d, very old patients
Duration of surgery
Drugs for sedation
Inhalants

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3
Q

When doing field anesthesia, what is the first factor to consider?

A

Location

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4
Q

T/F: You’ve given a horse your normal dose of xylazine, but it is still quite excited. The next best step is to proceed with anesthesia.

A

False - never anesthetize an excited horse

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5
Q

Fasting protocol for anesthesia

A

4-6h okay
Some surgeries requires 24-48h

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6
Q

What are the three commonly used sedation/premed drugs?

A

Alpha-2 agonists
Phenothiazines
Opioids

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7
Q

What are the two alpha-2 agonists we commonly use?

A

Xylazine
Detomidine

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8
Q

How do you know when a horse is adequately sedated?

A

“5 point stance”
Head down, droopy eyelids and lips

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9
Q

How can xylazine and detomidine be administered?

A

PO, IM, IV

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10
Q

Effects of alpha-2 agonists

A

Sedation
Muscle relaxation
Analgesia

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11
Q

Peak effect for alpha-2 given IV? IM?

A

3-5 min
15 min

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12
Q

Which is more potent - detomidine or xylazine?

A

Detomidine - but both provide comparable sedation

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13
Q

Side effects of alpha-2 agonists

A

Decreased GI motility
Increased urination d/t transient hyperglycemia (osmotic diuresis)

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14
Q

Can detomidine and xylazine be reversed?

A

Yes - yohimbine, atipamazole, tolazoline

Not common to reverse - often better to allow them to come out on their own

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15
Q

How are phenothiazines given?

A

PO, IV, IM

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16
Q

Effects of phenothiazines

A

Calm, relaxed horse
Potential for hypotension

17
Q

Acepromazine is a _________

A

Phenothiazine

18
Q

Onset of action and duration of action for acepromazine

A

Onset: 15-30min (even when given IV)
Duration: 6-10h

19
Q

T/F: Acepromazine provides significant analgesia

A

False - none!

20
Q

What opiods do we commonly use?

A

Butorphanol (better analgesia in horses than in cats and dogs)
Morphine (good for painful procedures)
Transdermal fentanyl (not common in sedation protocols)

21
Q

What is the mainstay for induction in horses?

A

Dissociatives

22
Q

Duration of ketamine-alpha 2 anesthesia

A

15-20 minutes

23
Q

T/F: it is best to give ketamine and xylazine together to speed up time to induction

A

False - give your xylazine and allow them to become sedate, then induce with ketamine

24
Q

Ketamine should be given _____

A

IV

25
Q

What can you add to your induction protocol to smooth induction and increase muscle relaxation?

A

Diazepam

26
Q

TKD?

A

Telazol (Tiletamine and zolazepam) + Ketamine + Detomidine

27
Q

T/F: TKD is appropriate for surgical anesthesia

A

False - mostly just used to quick anesthesia to get them in an ambulance or hoist them on a table to hook up to anesthesia machine, not used for surgical procedures

28
Q

Guaifenesin’s greatest effect is

A

Muscle relaxation

29
Q

Signs of GG overdose?

A

Extension of forelimbs
Labored breathing
Respiratory and cardiac arrest

30
Q

Effect of benzodiazepines in foals <1mo?

A

Sedation

In others, provides additional muscle relaxation

31
Q

How can we prolong xylazine/ketamine anesthesia?

A

Give another bolus
Add GG/ketamine or GKX
Detomidine instead of xylazine
Give 1/4-1/2 ketamine and Valium

32
Q

What is triple drip?

A

GKX

1L 5% GG + 500mg + 1-2g ketamine

33
Q

What is the best way to assess plane of anesthesia in horses?

A

Respiratory rate becomes more rapid and forceful as horse gets lighter

If in hospital and are monitoring BP, that will also increase

34
Q

When do most injuries occur?

A

Induction and recovery

Must warn owners of risk of catastrophic injury

Eq Special Topics (3 decks)

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