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Textiles > Fibres & fabrics > Flashcards

Fibres & fabrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three groups of fibres called?

A

natural, synthetic & regenerated

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2
Q

What are the two things that natural fibres can come from?

A

animals & plants

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3
Q

What are the types of animal fibres?

A

wool, silk, alpaca, angora, camel hair, cashmere, mohair & vicuna

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4
Q

What are the type of plant fibres?

A

cotton, jute, linen, hemp & ramie

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5
Q

Name types of synthetic fibres

A

elastomeric, acrylic, polyester, nylon & tactel

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6
Q

How are regenerated fibres made?

A

they are made from a combination of chemicals and cellulose waste (plant or recycled natural fibres)

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7
Q

Name some regenerated fibres

A

viscose, lyocell, acetate, cupro, modal, tencel

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8
Q

What is the main property of knitted fabrics?

A

They are stretchy (elastic)

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9
Q

What are the properties of woven fabric?

A

they fray easily when cut,
the are strongest along the straight of the grain
Are not elastic

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10
Q

How are non-woven (bonded) fabrics made?

A

using chemicals to mat the fibres together
using heat to bond the fibres together
stitching the fibre together in layers

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11
Q

What are the properties of non-woven fabrics?

A

they have no grain
don’t stretch or fray easily
are not as strong or flexible as knitted or woven fabrics
are permeable

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12
Q

What is a blend and why do you blend fibres?

A

it is a mixture of fibres to combine the properties of both fibres

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13
Q

What is the most popular blended fabric?

A

polycotton (polyester & cotton)

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14
Q

What are the properties of cotton?

A

It is strong, hardwearing, absorbent, creases easily & does not burn easily.

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15
Q

Why are finishes added to fabrics or yarns?

A 
Protect the fabric or design features
Change the feel of the fabric
Improve resilience and durability
Improve the appearance of the fabric
Add value to the product
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16
Q

What are the three types of fabric finishes?

A

Physical, Biological & chemical

17
Q

What is an example of a physical fabric finish?

A

brushing, calendaring or laminating

18
Q

What is an example of a biological finish?

A

biostoning or biopolishing

19
Q

what is an example of a chemical fabric finish?

A

mercerising, waterproofing or water repelling, flame-proofing, anti-static, anti-felting, bleaching, crease resistance & shrink resistance

20
Q

Name one method of industrial and one method of hand dyeing

A

Industrial - direct dyeing = only one colour once

Hand – dip dyeing

21
Q

What are the two methods of resist dyeing?

A

Batik & Tie dye

22
Q

name one hand and one industrial method of printing

A 
Industrial – digital printing = carried out by computer
Industrial - roller printing
Hand – block printing
Hand – stencilling
H/I – screen printing
H/I – heat transfer
H/I – transfer printing
23
Q

Name 5 methods of embellishment or decoration

A 
applique,
patchwork,
beads, buttons & mirrors,
3D paints
hand or sewing machine embroidery
CAD embroidery
transfers
pleats, tucks & gathering
quilting & trapunto
24
Q

What is the function of technical textiles?

A

Technical textiles are manufactured for function and technical performance (the appearance is not important).

25
Q

What is the description of smart materials?

A

Respond to external stimuli

Be activated by internal or external power sources.

26
Q

What are the 4 areas that smart textiles can be divided into?

A

Conductive, power assisted, communication & medical

27
Q

what is microencapsulation?

A

Where bubbles of chemicals are added to a fabric, friction causes the bubbles to burst releasing the chemical.

28
Q

What is an example of a conductive smart material?

A

electrical circuits incorporated into textiles e.g. temperature controlled clothing and soft interfaces (buttons on sleeves)

29
Q

What is an example of a communication smart material?

A

technological devices. e.g. sensors, transmitters, MP3’s or GPS

30
Q

Why is smart communication added to products?

A

To protect the user
communication with electronic devices
entertainment
health & safety

31
Q

What is an example of power assisted smart textiles?

A

incorporation of a power source. e.g. solar panels, flexible batteries, kinetic energy ( human force)

32
Q

What is an example of medical smart textiles?

A

to aid healing or monitor health
microencapsulation
sensors to monitor body temperature, moisture level or pulse rate
sanitised fabrics = no allergens or bacteria

33
Q

What does thermochromic mean?

A

changes with temperature

34
Q

What is an application of thermochromic in a garment or product?

A

medical indications for fever

for show if babies are over heated

35
Q

What does photochromic mean?

A

changes colour with light

36
Q

What is an application of photochromic in a garment or product?

A

an indicator to show when young child have been in the sun for a certain length of time.

Textiles (4 decks)

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