Fibres & fabrics Flashcards
What are the three groups of fibres called?
natural, synthetic & regenerated
What are the two things that natural fibres can come from?
animals & plants
What are the types of animal fibres?
wool, silk, alpaca, angora, camel hair, cashmere, mohair & vicuna
What are the type of plant fibres?
cotton, jute, linen, hemp & ramie
Name types of synthetic fibres
elastomeric, acrylic, polyester, nylon & tactel
How are regenerated fibres made?
they are made from a combination of chemicals and cellulose waste (plant or recycled natural fibres)
Name some regenerated fibres
viscose, lyocell, acetate, cupro, modal, tencel
What is the main property of knitted fabrics?
They are stretchy (elastic)
What are the properties of woven fabric?
they fray easily when cut,
the are strongest along the straight of the grain
Are not elastic
How are non-woven (bonded) fabrics made?
using chemicals to mat the fibres together
using heat to bond the fibres together
stitching the fibre together in layers
What are the properties of non-woven fabrics?
they have no grain
don’t stretch or fray easily
are not as strong or flexible as knitted or woven fabrics
are permeable
What is a blend and why do you blend fibres?
it is a mixture of fibres to combine the properties of both fibres
What is the most popular blended fabric?
polycotton (polyester & cotton)
What are the properties of cotton?
It is strong, hardwearing, absorbent, creases easily & does not burn easily.
Why are finishes added to fabrics or yarns?
Protect the fabric or design features Change the feel of the fabric Improve resilience and durability Improve the appearance of the fabric Add value to the product
What are the three types of fabric finishes?
Physical, Biological & chemical
What is an example of a physical fabric finish?
brushing, calendaring or laminating
What is an example of a biological finish?
biostoning or biopolishing
what is an example of a chemical fabric finish?
mercerising, waterproofing or water repelling, flame-proofing, anti-static, anti-felting, bleaching, crease resistance & shrink resistance
Name one method of industrial and one method of hand dyeing
Industrial - direct dyeing = only one colour once
Hand – dip dyeing
What are the two methods of resist dyeing?
Batik & Tie dye
name one hand and one industrial method of printing
Industrial – digital printing = carried out by computer Industrial - roller printing Hand – block printing Hand – stencilling H/I – screen printing H/I – heat transfer H/I – transfer printing
Name 5 methods of embellishment or decoration
applique, patchwork, beads, buttons & mirrors, 3D paints hand or sewing machine embroidery CAD embroidery transfers pleats, tucks & gathering quilting & trapunto
What is the function of technical textiles?
Technical textiles are manufactured for function and technical performance (the appearance is not important).
What is the description of smart materials?
Respond to external stimuli
Be activated by internal or external power sources.
What are the 4 areas that smart textiles can be divided into?
Conductive, power assisted, communication & medical
what is microencapsulation?
Where bubbles of chemicals are added to a fabric, friction causes the bubbles to burst releasing the chemical.
What is an example of a conductive smart material?
electrical circuits incorporated into textiles e.g. temperature controlled clothing and soft interfaces (buttons on sleeves)
What is an example of a communication smart material?
technological devices. e.g. sensors, transmitters, MP3’s or GPS
Why is smart communication added to products?
To protect the user
communication with electronic devices
entertainment
health & safety
What is an example of power assisted smart textiles?
incorporation of a power source. e.g. solar panels, flexible batteries, kinetic energy ( human force)
What is an example of medical smart textiles?
to aid healing or monitor health
microencapsulation
sensors to monitor body temperature, moisture level or pulse rate
sanitised fabrics = no allergens or bacteria
What does thermochromic mean?
changes with temperature
What is an application of thermochromic in a garment or product?
medical indications for fever
for show if babies are over heated
What does photochromic mean?
changes colour with light
What is an application of photochromic in a garment or product?
an indicator to show when young child have been in the sun for a certain length of time.
