fibre and prebiotics

Question 1

forms of dietary fibre

where are they processed?

Answer 1

non-digestible carbohydrate ex oligo-saccharides (FOS and GOS) and resistant starches
fermented in the colon, producing short chain fatty acids
there are soluble and insoluble fibres

Question 2

what is a prebiotic?

Answer 2

fermentable fibre that confers helath benefits by stimulating growth of beneficial intestinal microbiotia
most studies ones are inulin, FOS and GOS

Question 3

physiologic effects of viscous soluble fibres

Answer 3

slow gastric emptying, prolong small intestine transit, soften stool

Question 4

soluble fibre effectss

Answer 4

hypocholesterolemic effects, reduce postprandial glycemia dn insulinemia.

Question 5

insoluble fibre effects

Answer 5

increase stool bulk, shorten intestinal transit, promote laxation

Question 6

helath benefits mediated by production of SCFA in colon by fibre fermentation

Answer 6

healthier intestinal microbiome, increasing bifido and lactobacilli
inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria
reduced fecal pH
influence immune system and enhance intestinal barrier
produce anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic effects

Question 7

laxative benefits of fibre

Answer 7

stool regularity/softening

Question 8

metabolic benefits of fibre

Answer 8

lower LDL and total cholesterol
reduce glycemic index
increase satiety

Question 9

fermentation benefits

Answer 9

colonic carb energy salvage
positive microbiota modulation
improved intestinal barrier function
anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties
increasd colonic calcium
colonic Na dependent fluid absorption

Question 10

fibre requirements by age
1-3
4-9
9-13
14-18
19-30

Answer 10

1-3 19 g/d
4-9 25 g/d
9-13 m 31 g/day f 26 g/day
14-18 , 38 g/day f 25 g/day
19-30 m 38 g/day f 25 g/d

Question 11

how much is considered high fibre and very high fibre

Answer 11

4g/serving is high

6 g/serving is very high

Question 12

what to counsel families about fibre

Answer 12

fibre rich foods ensure nutrient dense diet
varied, high fibre diet confers broad physiologic benefits, bowel regularity, healthy microbiome,lower glycemia, displacing high energy low nutrient foods
recommend eating fresh and frozen fruits and veggies, fresh, dried or canned legumes, and whole grains
families meals that are high in fibre to model desirable patterns for life
increase fibre gradually to better adaptation
emphasize fluid intake with water