Fibers Flashcards
1
Q
What are the four prominent types of cotton being grown commercially and around the world?
A
- Egyptian
- Sea Island
- American Pima
- Upland
2
Q
What are the properties common to cellulose fibers?
A
- high absorbancy
- low flame resistance
- high moth reistance
- low resiliency
- low mildew resistence
- high electrical conduction (no static buildup)
- stronger when wet
3
Q
Which states produce American Pima Cotton? ELS
A
Arizona
California
New Mexico
Texas
4
Q
Which states produce Sea Island Cotton? ELS
A
South Carolina
Georgia
5
Q
Which cotton has one of the longest and most expensive staples?
A
Egyptian Cotton ELS
6
Q
Which cotton is the most produced in the US and the world?
A
Upland Cotton - and has a short staple
7
Q
Which states in the US produce Upland Cotton?
A
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Georgia
Lousianna
Mississippi
Missouri
Noth Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
8
Q
Who are the major world producers of cotton?
A
US
China
India
Pakistan
Turkey
Brazil
9
Q
Who developed and patented FoxFibre?
A
Sally Fox - although she did not invent it.
10
Q
What is FoxFibre?
A
Organically grown, natural colored cotton in hues of brown, green, and a new redwood color.
11
Q
From what plant do we get linen?
A
Flax
12
Q
Who are the major producers of flax? And who produces the most?
A
Belgium - most
France
the Netherlands
Ireland
Italy
Germany
(Import to US which is why it is expensive here)
13
Q
What are some properties of flax?
A
luxury fiber
burns easily
highly resistant to UV damage (won’t fade as quickly as cotton) and insects
more resistant to mildew than cotton because it does not absorb well
14
Q
Which natural fiber is a bast fiber similar to flax, jute and ramie and is a cousin to the marijuana plan?
A
Hemp
15
Q
True or False?
Hemp is more absorbant than flax but less than cotton?
A
True
16
Q
Which US agency has to approve the production of Hemp?
A
DEA
Drug Enforcement Agency
The hemp plant looks very much like marijuana; however the TCH level in hemp is only .3% whereas marijuana is 5-30%.
17
Q
Does Hemp have long or short staples?
A
Long because they are produced from the stem.
18
Q
Where is hemp produced?
A
US - Hawaii, Minnesota and North Dekota
China
Hungary
Romania
El Salvador
Chile
19
Q
Which natural fiber was used in the Betsy Ross flag and the printed US Constitution?
A
Hemp
Also, Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
20
Q
Which bast fiber is one of the most popular in the world, least expensive and primarily grown in wet regions?
A
Jute
21
Q
Where is jute produced?
A
Bangledesh
China
Pakistan
Nepal
Myanmar
Thailand
22
Q
What is Jute usually made into?
A
rope
cordage
twine
bagging
23
Q
What is Ramie also know as?
A
gras cloth
rhea
China grass
24
Q
What are some of Ramie’s properties?
A
natural resistance to mildew, insects, and ultraviolet light
dries very quickly
one of the strongest natual fibers
“a really good fiber” prof. Burnsed
25
Where is Ramie grown?
In China for thousands of years
the Phillippines
Brazil
26
What is the most popular natural leaf fiber?
Sisal
27
Where does the sisal fiber come from?
The leave of the agave or yucca plant
28
True or False
Sisal is the favorite carpeting for porches and sunrooms but is also trending into more formal rooms.
True
29
What are some of the properties of Sisal?
does not build up static
does not trap dirt
strong, durable fiber and resistant to sea water
outstanding weathering properties
remarkably colorfast but strong sunlight will fade the color over time
30
What are some of the minor cellulosic fibers?
Abaca - leaf stem (member of banana family)
Pina - leaves of the pinapple plant
Henequen
Coir - outer shell of the coconut
31
Where is the abaca fiber used?
placemats
indoor/outdoor use
production of wicker furniture so it's a strong and durable plant
32
Where is the durable yet delicate pina fiber used?
lightweight and sheer fabrics
placemats
embroidered tablecloths
clothing
33
Who produces the pina fiber?
The Philippines
34
Where is henequen used and produced?
Produced in Africa and Central America
better grades of rope, twine, and brush bristles
it is strong and very durable
35
What are some properties of coir?
resistant to abrasion, water and most weather conditions
36
Where is coir produced and what is it used for?
producedin Sri Lanka
used for indoor/outdoor mats, rugs, outdoor carpeting and brushes
37
What are some properties common to protein fibers?
* high resiliency
* low density
* high absorbancy
* hygroscopic
* flame resistance
* weaker when wet (unlike cellulosic fibers which are stronger when wet)
38
What does hygroscopic mean?
fibers that can absorb moisture without feeling wet
39
Where is wool produced?
Austrailia
New Zealand
China
Argentina
40
True or False
Wool's fiber's combined properties can be duplicated by any other natural or manufactured fiber.
False
41
What are some properties of wool?
flame resistance
termal retention
felting ability
initial water repellency
ability to absob moisture w/o feeling wet (hygroscopic)
42
From which sheep do we get the best wool in the world?
Merino sheep
43
Which part of the wool fiber is the cuticle and the medulla?
cuticle - outside of the fiber
medulla - inner part o the fiber
44
Which fiber has scales like human hair?
Wool
45
What is the oil called that is cleaned out of wool?
Lanolin
46
Which wool has a 1-3" staple, is carded, bulkier and with higher thermal retention and better insulation?
Woolen
47
Which wool has 3-6" staples, costs more, is carded and combed and creates a finer, smoother, thinner fabric with a crisp hand?
Worsted
48
Name some specialty wools that have very limited use in the interior industry.
Alpaca, Mohair, Angora, Camel's hair, Llama, Cashmere (goat), Quviut, Vicuna and Yak
49
Which fiber is one of the strongest natural fibers and has moderate abrasion resistance?
Silk
50
Where is sild produced?
China
Japan
India
51
What are some of the properties of manufactured fibers?
heat sensitivity
electrostatic
flexibility
flame resistance
oleophillic
mildew and moth resistant
wicking ability
resists sunlight
resilience
strength
abrasion resistance
52
What is sequence for producing manufactured fibers?
1. obtain fiber-forming substance
2. form polymer solutions
3. incorporate polymer additives - to make fiber properties better
4. extrude and solidify filaments - decreasing diamater
5. draw
6. heat set
53
Who created Nylon and why was it created?
Dupont created nylon as a replacement for silk during WWII because they needed the silk for parachutes during war.
54
Which fiber is used in hospital settings and is #1 for its wicking ability?
Gortex
55
Where do we get regenerated cellulosic fibers?
* petrified wood - rayon
* cotton linters - leftover cotton lint
* corn proteins - PLA (polylactic acid) dextrose
* milk
* seaweed
56
What are the four manufactured spinning techniques?
* wet spinning
* solvent spinning
* dry spinning
* melt spinning
57
Which spinning technique uses a solvent to dissolve the polymer and used in the production of rayon and some acrylic and spandex fibers?
Wet Spinning
58
Which manufactured spinning technique is similar to wet spinning but is not water based, but uses a solvent to dissolve polymers before extruding through a spinneret into a fluid bath?
Solvent spinning
59
Which manufactured spinning technique is used in the production of Lyocell (wood pulp)?
Solvent Spinning
60
What is the trade name for Lyocell (wood pulp) and is marketed as a form of Rayon?
Tencell
61
Which manufactured spinning technique uses a highly volatile solvent to dissolve the polymeer compound, producing the spinning solution (goes into a warm air container to set it) and used in the production of acetate, triacetate, and some acrylic, modacrylic, spandex and vinyon fibers?
Dry Spinning
62
Which manufactured spinning technique uses heat to melt the polymer, producing the liquid spinning dope.
Dry Melting
63
Melt spinning produces which fibers?
polyester
nylon
olefin
glass fibers
64
Which manufactured fiber begins production with cellulose, generally from trees, cotton linters or bamboo and is produced for its high luster and sheen?
Acetate
65
What is one major problem with acetate?
Gasfastness - vapors can impact and deteriorate it
66
What is the difference between crystalline and amorphous manufactured fibers?
Crystalline have organized structures which create tensile strengtha and elasticity while the amorphous are unorganized and create flexibility, water absorbtion and colorability.
67
Which manufactured cellulosic fiber has high drapablility with the look and feel of silk but more reasonalby priced?
Acetate
68
What are some of the propeties of Lyocell?
shares many properties of natural cellulosic fibers like cotton, flax and silk
blends well with other fibers including wool, silk, rayon, cotton, flax, nylon and polyester
good drape
exceptional strength
luxurious hand
machine washable
69
What is the trade name for Rayon?
Zantrell
70
What are some of rayon fabric's uses?
curtains, drapery fabrics
upholstery fabrics
table linens
blankets
71
What are some of the properties of rayon?
soft
absorbant
drapablity
because it has the luster and sheen of silk, it is often used in lieu of the more expensive fiber
72
A manufactured dextrose fiber is produced from what?
Corn - PLA
73
What is the trade name for dextrose fibers (PLA)?
Ingio
74
Which manufactured fiber is used most in carpet?
nylon
75
What are some properties of dextrose fibers?
similar to cotton - wrinkle resistant
superior hand
excellent absorbancy and resiliency
soil resistant - ideal for use in carpeting both commercial and residential for it's flame resistance (melts)
76
What is the trade name for Azlon?
Soysilk
77
Which manufactured fiber is made where the fiber forming substance is compoed of any regenerated naturally occurring proteins?
Azlon (SoySilk)
78
What are common trade names for casein (milk) fibers?
Lanital, Aralac, R-53, and Caslen
79
What are some properties of Soybean protein fiber (SPF)?
Its qualities are absorbing and releasing moisture for both ventilation and warmth and a soft luster that rivals silk and cashmere. SPF yarns can be mixed with wool, flax, silk, cashmere, and spandex. SoySilk is a trade name.
exhibits good color fastness and excellent absorbancy and comfort; colors can be vivid
80
Which manufactured synthetic fiber was created specifically to emulate wool?
Acrylic
81
What are some properties of acrylic?
can be laundered
resistance to moths, carpet beetles adn outdoor elements
superior resistance to damaging rays in sunlight
82
What is a trade name for acrylic?
Sunbrella
83
Where is acrylic used?
carpet and rugs
curtains and draperies
awnings and outdoor coverings for outdoor funiture
84
What is the trade name for aramid?
Kevlar
85
What are some properties of aramid?
high temperature and flame resistance - used in aircraft upholstery
relatively high stiffness and high cost which limits interior furnishing use
86
What is the trade name for modacrylic?
SEF
87
What are some properties of modacrylic?
resilient, abrasion resistant, quick drying, flame resistant and heat sensitive
high flame resistance - supports ues in rugs and windown cover fabrics in commercial interiors
allows them to be used effectivelyin simulated fur for apparel and upholstery applications
88
What are some properties of nylon?
strength and abrasion resistance - so it is good for a rug
easily laundered and can retain its dimensional stability and resiliency
good resistance to mold and mildew which is why it is used in carpeting
89
What is the trade name for glass fibers?
Fiberglass
90
What are some properties of glass fibers?
fire resistant and used in drapery casements and window treatments
soil resistant - does not need frequent cleaning
heavy so a commercial rod should be used with glass drapery
will not fade
91
What is the trade name for olefin?
Nouvelle
92
What are some properties of olefin?
resistance to rot and weathering - good for outdoor carpeting
it is the lightest textile fiber
repels stains
quick drying; extremely low moisture absorption
heat sensitivity; careful temp. control when ironing
93
What is most berber carpeting made from?
olefin
94
What is olefin aften called?
polypropylene
or
polyethylene
95
What has almost completely replaced jutein carpet backing?
olefin
96
What is polyester's trade name?
Kodel
97
What are some properties of polyester?
frequently blended with cotton or rayon to add stain resistance and decrese wrinkling and shrinking
resists sunlight
98
What is the trade name for spandex?
Lycra
99
Which manufactured fiber is cotton-like and commonly used in denim?
Lyocell
100
Which manufactured synthetic fiber is frequently and successfully used for the webbing and coverings on patio chairs and is also used for fabrics installed in public transportation?
Saran
101
What are some properties of Spandex?
high elongation
high holding power
high elestic recovery - use in swimwear, hosiery and sock tops
superior elasticity supports use in upholstery fabric that is applied to curvilinear forms.
102
What is a throwster?
produces multifilament yarns
103
What does a spinner do?
Produces spun yarns
104
Who manufactures monofilament yarn?
fiber producer
105
How are silk and manufactured filaments produced where there is no yarn spinning required?
Throwing
