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Textiles > Fibers > Flashcards

Fibers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four prominent types of cotton being grown commercially and around the world?

A
  • Egyptian
  • Sea Island
  • American Pima
  • Upland
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2
Q

What are the properties common to cellulose fibers?

A
  • high absorbancy
  • low flame resistance
  • high moth reistance
  • low resiliency
  • low mildew resistence
  • high electrical conduction (no static buildup)
  • stronger when wet
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3
Q

Which states produce American Pima Cotton? ELS

A

Arizona

California

New Mexico

Texas

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4
Q

Which states produce Sea Island Cotton? ELS

A

South Carolina

Georgia

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5
Q

Which cotton has one of the longest and most expensive staples?

A

Egyptian Cotton ELS

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6
Q

Which cotton is the most produced in the US and the world?

A

Upland Cotton - and has a short staple

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7
Q

Which states in the US produce Upland Cotton?

A

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Georgia

Lousianna

Mississippi

Missouri

Noth Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

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8
Q

Who are the major world producers of cotton?

A

US

China

India

Pakistan

Turkey

Brazil

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9
Q

Who developed and patented FoxFibre?

A

Sally Fox - although she did not invent it.

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10
Q

What is FoxFibre?

A

Organically grown, natural colored cotton in hues of brown, green, and a new redwood color.

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11
Q

From what plant do we get linen?

A

Flax

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12
Q

Who are the major producers of flax? And who produces the most?

A

Belgium - most

France

the Netherlands

Ireland

Italy

Germany

(Import to US which is why it is expensive here)

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13
Q

What are some properties of flax?

A

luxury fiber

burns easily

highly resistant to UV damage (won’t fade as quickly as cotton) and insects

more resistant to mildew than cotton because it does not absorb well

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14
Q

Which natural fiber is a bast fiber similar to flax, jute and ramie and is a cousin to the marijuana plan?

A

Hemp

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15
Q

True or False?

Hemp is more absorbant than flax but less than cotton?

A

True

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16
Q

Which US agency has to approve the production of Hemp?

A

DEA

Drug Enforcement Agency

The hemp plant looks very much like marijuana; however the TCH level in hemp is only .3% whereas marijuana is 5-30%.

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17
Q

Does Hemp have long or short staples?

A

Long because they are produced from the stem.

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18
Q

Where is hemp produced?

A

US - Hawaii, Minnesota and North Dekota

China

Hungary

Romania

El Salvador

Chile

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19
Q

Which natural fiber was used in the Betsy Ross flag and the printed US Constitution?

A

Hemp

Also, Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland

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20
Q

Which bast fiber is one of the most popular in the world, least expensive and primarily grown in wet regions?

A

Jute

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21
Q

Where is jute produced?

A

Bangledesh

China

Pakistan

Nepal

Myanmar

Thailand

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22
Q

What is Jute usually made into?

A

rope

cordage

twine

bagging

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23
Q

What is Ramie also know as?

A

gras cloth

rhea

China grass

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24
Q

What are some of Ramie’s properties?

A

natural resistance to mildew, insects, and ultraviolet light

dries very quickly

one of the strongest natual fibers

“a really good fiber” prof. Burnsed

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25
Q

Where is Ramie grown?

A

In China for thousands of years

the Phillippines

Brazil

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26
Q

What is the most popular natural leaf fiber?

A

Sisal

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27
Q

Where does the sisal fiber come from?

A

The leave of the agave or yucca plant

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28
Q

True or False

Sisal is the favorite carpeting for porches and sunrooms but is also trending into more formal rooms.

A

True

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29
Q

What are some of the properties of Sisal?

A

does not build up static

does not trap dirt

strong, durable fiber and resistant to sea water

outstanding weathering properties

remarkably colorfast but strong sunlight will fade the color over time

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30
Q

What are some of the minor cellulosic fibers?

A

Abaca - leaf stem (member of banana family)

Pina - leaves of the pinapple plant

Henequen

Coir - outer shell of the coconut

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31
Q

Where is the abaca fiber used?

A

placemats

indoor/outdoor use

production of wicker furniture so it’s a strong and durable plant

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32
Q

Where is the durable yet delicate pina fiber used?

A

lightweight and sheer fabrics

placemats

embroidered tablecloths

clothing

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33
Q

Who produces the pina fiber?

A

The Philippines

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34
Q

Where is henequen used and produced?

A

Produced in Africa and Central America

better grades of rope, twine, and brush bristles

it is strong and very durable

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35
Q

What are some properties of coir?

A

resistant to abrasion, water and most weather conditions

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36
Q

Where is coir produced and what is it used for?

A

producedin Sri Lanka

used for indoor/outdoor mats, rugs, outdoor carpeting and brushes

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37
Q

What are some properties common to protein fibers?

A
  • high resiliency
  • low density
  • high absorbancy
  • hygroscopic
  • flame resistance
  • weaker when wet (unlike cellulosic fibers which are stronger when wet)
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38
Q

What does hygroscopic mean?

A

fibers that can absorb moisture without feeling wet

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39
Q

Where is wool produced?

A

Austrailia

New Zealand

China

Argentina

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40
Q

True or False

Wool’s fiber’s combined properties can be duplicated by any other natural or manufactured fiber.

A

False

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41
Q

What are some properties of wool?

A

flame resistance

termal retention

felting ability

initial water repellency

ability to absob moisture w/o feeling wet (hygroscopic)

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42
Q

From which sheep do we get the best wool in the world?

A

Merino sheep

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43
Q

Which part of the wool fiber is the cuticle and the medulla?

A

cuticle - outside of the fiber

medulla - inner part o the fiber

44
Q

Which fiber has scales like human hair?

A

Wool

45
Q

What is the oil called that is cleaned out of wool?

A

Lanolin

46
Q

Which wool has a 1-3” staple, is carded, bulkier and with higher thermal retention and better insulation?

A

Woolen

47
Q

Which wool has 3-6” staples, costs more, is carded and combed and creates a finer, smoother, thinner fabric with a crisp hand?

A

Worsted

48
Q

Name some specialty wools that have very limited use in the interior industry.

A

Alpaca, Mohair, Angora, Camel’s hair, Llama, Cashmere (goat), Quviut, Vicuna and Yak

49
Q

Which fiber is one of the strongest natural fibers and has moderate abrasion resistance?

A

Silk

50
Q

Where is sild produced?

A

China

Japan

India

51
Q

What are some of the properties of manufactured fibers?

A

heat sensitivity

electrostatic

flexibility

flame resistance

oleophillic

mildew and moth resistant

wicking ability

resists sunlight

resilience

strength

abrasion resistance

52
Q

What is sequence for producing manufactured fibers?

A
  1. obtain fiber-forming substance
  2. form polymer solutions
  3. incorporate polymer additives - to make fiber properties better
  4. extrude and solidify filaments - decreasing diamater
  5. draw
  6. heat set
53
Q

Who created Nylon and why was it created?

A

Dupont created nylon as a replacement for silk during WWII because they needed the silk for parachutes during war.

54
Q

Which fiber is used in hospital settings and is #1 for its wicking ability?

A

Gortex

55
Q

Where do we get regenerated cellulosic fibers?

A
  • petrified wood - rayon
  • cotton linters - leftover cotton lint
  • corn proteins - PLA (polylactic acid) dextrose
  • milk
  • seaweed
56
Q

What are the four manufactured spinning techniques?

A
  • wet spinning
  • solvent spinning
  • dry spinning
  • melt spinning
57
Q

Which spinning technique uses a solvent to dissolve the polymer and used in the production of rayon and some acrylic and spandex fibers?

A

Wet Spinning

58
Q

Which manufactured spinning technique is similar to wet spinning but is not water based, but uses a solvent to dissolve polymers before extruding through a spinneret into a fluid bath?

A

Solvent spinning

59
Q

Which manufactured spinning technique is used in the production of Lyocell (wood pulp)?

A

Solvent Spinning

60
Q

What is the trade name for Lyocell (wood pulp) and is marketed as a form of Rayon?

A

Tencell

61
Q

Which manufactured spinning technique uses a highly volatile solvent to dissolve the polymeer compound, producing the spinning solution (goes into a warm air container to set it) and used in the production of acetate, triacetate, and some acrylic, modacrylic, spandex and vinyon fibers?

A

Dry Spinning

62
Q

Which manufactured spinning technique uses heat to melt the polymer, producing the liquid spinning dope.

A

Dry Melting

63
Q

Melt spinning produces which fibers?

A

polyester

nylon

olefin

glass fibers

64
Q

Which manufactured fiber begins production with cellulose, generally from trees, cotton linters or bamboo and is produced for its high luster and sheen?

A

Acetate

65
Q

What is one major problem with acetate?

A

Gasfastness - vapors can impact and deteriorate it

66
Q

What is the difference between crystalline and amorphous manufactured fibers?

A

Crystalline have organized structures which create tensile strengtha and elasticity while the amorphous are unorganized and create flexibility, water absorbtion and colorability.

67
Q

Which manufactured cellulosic fiber has high drapablility with the look and feel of silk but more reasonalby priced?

A

Acetate

68
Q

What are some of the propeties of Lyocell?

A

shares many properties of natural cellulosic fibers like cotton, flax and silk

blends well with other fibers including wool, silk, rayon, cotton, flax, nylon and polyester

good drape

exceptional strength

luxurious hand

machine washable

69
Q

What is the trade name for Rayon?

A

Zantrell

70
Q

What are some of rayon fabric’s uses?

A

curtains, drapery fabrics

upholstery fabrics

table linens

blankets

71
Q

What are some of the properties of rayon?

A

soft

absorbant

drapablity

because it has the luster and sheen of silk, it is often used in lieu of the more expensive fiber

72
Q

A manufactured dextrose fiber is produced from what?

A

Corn - PLA

73
Q

What is the trade name for dextrose fibers (PLA)?

A

Ingio

74
Q

Which manufactured fiber is used most in carpet?

A

nylon

75
Q

What are some properties of dextrose fibers?

A

similar to cotton - wrinkle resistant

superior hand

excellent absorbancy and resiliency

soil resistant - ideal for use in carpeting both commercial and residential for it’s flame resistance (melts)

76
Q

What is the trade name for Azlon?

A

Soysilk

77
Q

Which manufactured fiber is made where the fiber forming substance is compoed of any regenerated naturally occurring proteins?

A

Azlon (SoySilk)

78
Q

What are common trade names for casein (milk) fibers?

A

Lanital, Aralac, R-53, and Caslen

79
Q

What are some properties of Soybean protein fiber (SPF)?

A

Its qualities are absorbing and releasing moisture for both ventilation and warmth and a soft luster that rivals silk and cashmere. SPF yarns can be mixed with wool, flax, silk, cashmere, and spandex. SoySilk is a trade name.

exhibits good color fastness and excellent absorbancy and comfort; colors can be vivid

80
Q

Which manufactured synthetic fiber was created specifically to emulate wool?

A

Acrylic

81
Q

What are some properties of acrylic?

A

can be laundered

resistance to moths, carpet beetles adn outdoor elements

superior resistance to damaging rays in sunlight

82
Q

What is a trade name for acrylic?

A

Sunbrella

83
Q

Where is acrylic used?

A

carpet and rugs

curtains and draperies

awnings and outdoor coverings for outdoor funiture

84
Q

What is the trade name for aramid?

A

Kevlar

85
Q

What are some properties of aramid?

A

high temperature and flame resistance - used in aircraft upholstery

relatively high stiffness and high cost which limits interior furnishing use

86
Q

What is the trade name for modacrylic?

A

SEF

87
Q

What are some properties of modacrylic?

A

resilient, abrasion resistant, quick drying, flame resistant and heat sensitive

high flame resistance - supports ues in rugs and windown cover fabrics in commercial interiors

allows them to be used effectivelyin simulated fur for apparel and upholstery applications

88
Q

What are some properties of nylon?

A

strength and abrasion resistance - so it is good for a rug

easily laundered and can retain its dimensional stability and resiliency

good resistance to mold and mildew which is why it is used in carpeting

89
Q

What is the trade name for glass fibers?

A

Fiberglass

90
Q

What are some properties of glass fibers?

A

fire resistant and used in drapery casements and window treatments

soil resistant - does not need frequent cleaning

heavy so a commercial rod should be used with glass drapery

will not fade

91
Q

What is the trade name for olefin?

A

Nouvelle

92
Q

What are some properties of olefin?

A

resistance to rot and weathering - good for outdoor carpeting

it is the lightest textile fiber

repels stains

quick drying; extremely low moisture absorption

heat sensitivity; careful temp. control when ironing

93
Q

What is most berber carpeting made from?

A

olefin

94
Q

What is olefin aften called?

A

polypropylene

or

polyethylene

95
Q

What has almost completely replaced jutein carpet backing?

A

olefin

96
Q

What is polyester’s trade name?

A

Kodel

97
Q

What are some properties of polyester?

A

frequently blended with cotton or rayon to add stain resistance and decrese wrinkling and shrinking

resists sunlight

98
Q

What is the trade name for spandex?

A

Lycra

99
Q

Which manufactured fiber is cotton-like and commonly used in denim?

A

Lyocell

100
Q

Which manufactured synthetic fiber is frequently and successfully used for the webbing and coverings on patio chairs and is also used for fabrics installed in public transportation?

A

Saran

101
Q

What are some properties of Spandex?

A

high elongation

high holding power

high elestic recovery - use in swimwear, hosiery and sock tops

superior elasticity supports use in upholstery fabric that is applied to curvilinear forms.

102
Q

What is a throwster?

A

produces multifilament yarns

103
Q

What does a spinner do?

A

Produces spun yarns

104
Q

Who manufactures monofilament yarn?

A

fiber producer

105
Q

How are silk and manufactured filaments produced where there is no yarn spinning required?

A

Throwing

Textiles (1 decks)

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