Fiber1 Flashcards by Chris J

What parts of an optical fiber are not strippable?
a. Cladding from the core
b. Buffer
c. Jacket

Cladding from the core

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Which is longer: a nanometer or a kilometer?
a. Nanometer
b. Kilometer

Kilometer

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Does the failure to follow a code have legal ramifications?
a. Yes
b. No
c. It depends

Yes

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Describe the two causes of intrinsic attenuation.
a. Ice and flooding
b. Splicing and connectors
c. Raman and Brillouin scattering
d. Scattering and absorption

Scattering and absorption

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Describe how microbending impacts fiber optic light transmission.
a. A pinch creates excessive loss at all wavelengths
b. A fusion splice creates equal loss at all wavelengths
c. A bend creates excessive loss at longer wavelengths
d. A connection creates equal loss at all wavelengths

A pinch creates excessive loss at all wavelengths

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0 dBm is relative to how much power?
a. 3dB
b. 1mW
c. 0mW
d. 100W

1 milliwatt

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What is the term used to describe the bending of light as it passes through different transparent mediums?
a. Loss
b. Reflection
c. Refraction
d. Backscatter

Refraction

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What term is used that describes the sum of all reflections returning back to the transmitter?
a. dBm
b. Fresnel reflection
c. Optical Return Loss
d. Rayleigh backscatter

Optical return loss

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What is a mode?
a. A cable
b. A laser
c. A light path
d. A fiber

A light path

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Which fiber type has the highest possible bandwidth?
a. OM1
b. OM2
c. OM3
d. OM4

OM4

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Different wavelengths of light travel at ________ speeds through the fiber.
a. Hybrid
b. Unchanged
c. Refraction
d. Different

Different

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What decreases as the number of modes in a fiber increases?
a. Infrared
b. Wavelengths
c. Frequencies
d. Amplitudes

Wavelengths

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62.5 micron fiber is designated as ____
a. OM1
b. OM2
c. OM3
d. OM4

OM1

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What are the two most common multimode optical fibers?
a. 9/125 microns and 50/125 microns
b. 50/125 microns and 62.5/125 microns
c. 62.5/125 microns and 200/240 microns
d. 9/125 microns and 100/240 microns

50/125 and 62.5/125

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Most indoor cables have a buffer coating diameter of ____ microns.
a. 125
b. 250
c. 900
d. 1000

900

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True or false: The cladding surrounds the core of an optical fiber.

True

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Which fiber type has the least amount of modal dispersion?
a. 9/125
b. 50/125
c. 49/69
d. 6b.5/125

50/125

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Laser-optimized fibers perform best at what wavelength to take advantage of VCSEL transmitters?

a. 850nm
b. 1300nm
c. 1310nm
d. 1550nm

850nm

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What is the generic term for OM5?

a. Water
b. Wavelengths
c. Wideband multi mode fiber
d. Amount of unlisted cable that can be inside a structure

Wideband multimode fiber

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What is the outside diameter of the fiber coating in loose buffered cable?

a. 187.5 microns
b. 266.7 microns
c. 250 microns
d. 125 microns

250 microns

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What do gels, tapes, and powders in cable protect the fiber from?

a. Crushing forces
b. Microbending
c. Rodent attacks
d. Water

Water

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Article 250 of the NEC requires any conductive materials that are likely to become energized must be:

a. Composite
b. Bonded to ground
c. Blocked from access by unauthorized personnel
d. Optical return loss

Bonded to ground

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As defined by the NEC, a cable that contains different kinds of fiber in the same jacket is a cable.

a. Composite
b. Hybrid
c. Conductive
d. Double play

Hybrid

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What color is a typical single-mode patch cable?

a. Violet
b. Aqua
c. Yellow
d. Orange

Yellow

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What are the two designs of indoor fiber optic cable? a. Fanout and breakout b. Loose tube and tight buffer c. Central tube and stranded d. Distribution and breakout

Distribution and breakout

What color is most commonly used for laser-optimized fiber? a. Red b. Orange c. Yellow d. Aqua

Aqua

What is the NEC '50 foot' rule? a. Location of sequential marking b. Grounding requirements c. Amount of unlisted cable that can be inside a structure d. Amount of slack that can be stored in a vault

Amount of unlisted cable that can be inside a structure

What must an installer always be aware of when installing cables? a. Humidity b. Codes c. Geology d. Topology

Codes

After installation, what is the generally accepted bend radius of the cable? a. 5x OD b. 10x OD c. 20x OD d. 5Ox OD

10xOD

What does the acronym OFNP represent? a. Optical fiber non-conductive plenum b. Only if you see contamination c. Cladding from the core d. Optical return loss

Optical fiber non-conductive plenum

Per the NEC, a cable that has both fiber optics and conductive media inside the same jacket is a: a. Conductive b. Composite c. Dual d. Hybrid

Composite

The cladding is bonded to which part of a connector? a. Housing b. Crimp ring c. Boot d. Ferrule

Ferrule

Per ANSI/TIA-568, what is the maximum connector pair loss? a. 0.1dB b. 0.3dB c. 0.5dB d. 0.75dB

0.75dB

Which type of optical fiber termination technique can result in a fiber type mismatch? a. UV b. Splice-on c. Thermal d. Anaerobic

Splice on

What optical effect can disrupt the operation of a laser? a. Raleigh backscatter b. Refraction c. Fresnel reflection d. Insertion loss

Fresnel reflection

Patch panels use bulkhead-mounted sleeves or adapters to make? a. Refraction b. Interconnections c. Network Devices d. Interdependence

Interconnections

What will a green APC connector reduce? a. Cladding from the core b. Interconnections c. A light path d. Back reflections

Back reflections

Where are minor defects allowed on the surface of a ferrule? a. Core b. Cladding

Cladding

Back reflections impact LED sources more than LASER sources. a. False b. True

False

When should a connector endface be cleaned? a. Always clean before mating b. Only if there is high loss c. Only if you see contamination d. Never try to clean a fiber optic connector

Only if you see contamination

What is the maximum fusion splice loss per Telcordia GR-20? a. 0.1dB b. 0.3dB c. 0.5dB d. 0.75dB

0.1dB

The quality of a good splice is dependent upon what? a. The location of the splice, the temperature of the environment, and the type of adhesive used b. Cleave quality, type of splicer, well trained technician c. The length of the splice, the color of the materials, and the weather conditions d. The cost of the materials, the brand of the splicer, and the time of day

Cleave quality, type of splicer, well-trained technician

How are most single-mode fibers terminated in the field? a. Pre-made cables b. Thermal cure c. Pigtails d. Anaerobic cure

Pigtails

What is the maximum splice value specified by ANSI/TIA-568? a. 0.1dB b. 0.3dB c. 0.5dB d. 0.75dB

0.3dB

True or false: Arc temperature or burn back test (arc calibration) should be done anytime there is a humidity or altitude change. a. True b. False

True

True or false: video inspection scopes are eyes safe. a. True b. False

True

Does the fusilier to follow code have legal ramifications? a. Yes b. No

Yes

What colors would represent numbers 3, 6, 9 and 12? a. Blue, orange, black and rose b. Orange, red, violet and aqua c. Green, white, yellow and aqua d. Slate, red, yellow and rose

Green, white, yellow and aqua

What measurement is longest? a. Nanometer b. Centimeter c. Kilometer d. Millimeter

Kilometer

Fiber transmission takes place in what part of the optical spectrum? a. Subsonic b. Gamma c. Infrared d. Ultraviolet

Infrared

What is the unit of measure for attenuation? a. nm b. mW c. dB d. dBm

Fiber geometry is considered what category of attenuation? a. Internal b. Intrinsic c. External d. Extrinsic

Intrinsic

Which single-mode wavelength has the lowest attenuation? a. 1310nm b. 1490nm c. 1550nm d. 1625nm

1550nm

Describe how macrobending impacts fiber optic light transmission a. A crushed cable creates equal loss at all wavelengths b. A bend creates excessive loss at all wavelengths c. Water intrusion into the cable creates high loss at shorter wavelengths d. A pinch creates excessive loss at longer wavelength

A bend creates excessive loss at all wavelengths

The cladding surrounds the core of an optical fiber. a. True b. False

True

The number of modes in a fiber increases as this decreases a. Core size b. Wavelength c. Coating diameter d. Cladding size

Wavelength

What is an advantage in using graded-index multimode fiber over step-index? a. Reduces bend radius b. Reduces chromatic dispersion c. Reduces modal dispersion d. Reduces attenuation

Reduces modal dispersion

Laser-optimized fibers perform best at which wavelength when coupled with VeSEL transmitter? a. 850nm b. 1300nm c. 1310nm d. 1550nm

850nm

What type of single-mode fiber would be ideal for use inside of a building? a. Step index b. Dispersion shifted c. Bend insensitive d. Low water peak

Bend insensitive

What type of damage was armored cable designed to prevent? a. Water b. Rodent and/or crushing forces c. Lightning strikes d. EMI/RFI

Rodent and/or crushing forces

If a cable has any metallic components at termination points, what does the NEC require? a. Proper bend radius b. Block the tubes c. Bonding to ground d. Leave exposed

Bonding to ground

Sequential markings on the cable jackets help to determine what? a. Length of the cable b. Index of refraction of the fiber c. Helix percentage d. Date of manufacture

Length of the cable

Per the NEC, if the cable has no conductive materials, it would be considered a. Hybrid b. Composite c. Conductive d. Nonconductive

Nonconductive

Per the NEC, a cable that is rated to run vertically but no low smoke would have what rating? a. Composite b. Plenum c. Riser d. Hybrid

Riser

What type of cable do central and stranded refer to? a. Tight buffer b. Loose tube c. Zipcord d. Duplex

Loose tube

What is the maximum pull tension for traditional outside plant cables? a. 200lbs b. 400lbs c. 600lbs d. 800lbs

600lbs

What are the four desirable factors to look for in a connector? a. Size, cost, color, and ease of installation b. Cost, low reflectance, location, and type of installation c. Low loss, low reflectance, repeatable, and reliable d. Low reflectance, size, low loss, and price

Low loss, low reflectance, repeatable, and reliable

The cladding is bonded to which part of the connector? a. Housing b. Crimp ring c. Boot d. Ferrule

Ferrule

The mating sleeve in the bulkhead mounted adapter is used to __the ferrule a. Isolate b. Secure c. Align d. Separate

Align

What is the ITU-T G.671 attenuation value for single-mode connector attenuation? a. 0.1dB b. 0.3dB c. 0.5dB d. 0.75dB

0.5dB

Hardened connectors are typically used in what type of application? a. Data center b. Fiber to the x (FTTx) c. Patch panel d. Are not used

Fiber to the x (FTTx)

What color is used for a UPC single-mode connector? a. Black b. Aqua c. Blue d. Green

Blue

What other name are MPO and MTP connectors known by? a. Simplex b. Duplex c. SFF d. Array

Array

What type of cable is used with an MPO/MTP array connector? a. Cordage b. Tight buffer c. Ribbon d. Loose tube gel filled

Ribbon

What small form connector requires special cleaning tools and inspection equipment? a. ST b. SC c. LC d. FC

Which device is recommended for viewing an optical connector if the system cannot be determined to be carrying power or not? a. IR card b. Eye loupe c. Video inspection scope d. Bifocal glasses

Video inspection scope

Fusion splicing is the primary solution for single-mode applications a. True b. False

True

What are the three types of fusion splicer technology? a. Ribbon, fixed core, and connector b. Mechanical, active core, and ribbon c. Fixed V-groove, active cladding, and active core d. Active cladding, heat-shrink, and butterfly

Fixed V-groove, active cladding, and active core

What type of reflections does index matching gel reduce? a. Raleigh b. Brillouin c. Fresnel d. Insertion

Fresnel

How are most single-mode fibers terminated in the field? a. Pre-made cables b. Thermal cure c. Pigtails d. Anaerobic cure

Pigtails

What type of panel can be used as a central access location for testing and troubleshooting? a. Splice closure b. Wall outlet c. Splice panel d. Patch panel

Patch panel

What does a fanout kit do? a. Builds 250um loose tube into 900um tubes b. Build up to splice-on pigtails c. Cools the patch panel d. Builds 250um loose tube into 3mm tubes

Builds 250l-lm loose tube into 900um tubes

What does the acronym RU denote? a. Red Unit b. Rack unit b. Rayleigh undercurrent c. Real Uber

Rack unit

Microbends can occur if they are outside the cable management products being pinched in latches, hinges or doors a. True b. False

True

What cable management product has both splicing and patching functions? a. Patch panel b. Fiber distribution unit c. Wall panel d. Premises panel

Fiber distribution unit

What do break out kits do? a. Builds 250l-lm loose tube into 900l-lm tubes b. Build up to splice-on pigtails c. Cools the patch panel d. Builds 250l-lm loose tube into 3mm tubes

Builds 250l-lm loose tube into 3mm tubes

What does a splice closure do? a. Protects the splice b. Allows proper fiber and tube bend radius c. Has processes to keep water away from the fiber d. All of the above

All of the above

Cables should be able to move freely when secured with tie wrap. a. True b. False

True

Tight tie wraps can cause a significant reduction signal, requiring unnecessary troubleshooting and network downtime a. True b. False

True

What is the difference between the terms "dynamic" and "static" in terms of bend radius and tension? a. Dynamic is under load/during installation b. Static is storage/after installation or unloaded c. Both A and B d. None of the above

Both A and B

What is the generally accepted dynamic bend radius? a. 5x OD b. 10x OD c. 20x OD d. 50x OD

20x OD

After a cable has been installed what is the generally accepted bend radius? a. 5x OD b. 10x OD c. 20x OD d. 50x OD

10x OD

Where does the NEC mainly apply? a. Ships b. Cars c. Buildings d. Planes

Buildings

Installers must consider building codes when installing premises fiber optic cables a. True b. False

True

What does the acronym NEC signify for cable installers? a. Necessary Electrical Checks b. New Engineering Changes c. National Electrical Code d. Node Evaluation Checklist

National Electrical Code

What is the role of a Kellems grip? a. HASB installations b. Cable attachment for installations c. Aid in pole climbing d. Cable grounding

Cable attachment for installations

Which type of cable installation uses compressed air to reduce the tension on the cable? a. Wrapped b. Flexible innerduct c. Air blown fiber (ABF) d. Breakaway swivel

Air blown fiber (ABF)

Breakaway swivels will prevent excessive pull tension if the proper rated device is used. a. True b. False

True

What are the three primary methods for underground installation of fiber optic cable? a. Trench b. Plow c. Bore d. All of the above

All of the above

When installing cable into a conduit, an installer must be aware of which cross sectional area of the conduit? a. HASB b. Aspect ratio c. Fill ratio d. Flood area

Fill ratio

What is the maximum fill percentage ratio by cross-sectional area for a conduit with one cable? a. 25% b. 53% c. 100% d. None

53%

What does the acronym HASB/ABF signify? a. High air speed blown/air blown fiber b. Heavy application secure block/application block foundation c. High air suction base/air base foundation d. Helium application sliding buffer/aerial balloon fiber

High air speed blown/air blown fiber

What is the main benefit of an HASB/ABF installation? a. No connections needed b. Reduces tension/strain on the fiber c. Eliminates needs for conduit d. No testing needed

Reduces tension/strain on the fiber

What does the acronym NESC represent? a. Never Enter Secure Conduit b. National Elastic Secure Conduit c. National Electric Safety Code d. November Escalation Snow Center

National Electric Safety Code

What information is contained in the NESC? a. Conduit density for exposed and buried applications b. Requirements for aerial and underground installations c. Anticipated snowfall amounts in November d. Entry requirements for secure conduits

Requirements for aerial and underground installations

What is a mid-span entry? a. Grounding b. Emergency restoration c. Entry in the middle of cable to reduce splicing costs d. End preparation for pigtails

Entry in the middle of cable to reduce splicing costs

What are two important considerations when installing an aerial fiber optic cable? a. Span length and sag b. Ice loading and wind shear c. Attachment method and grounding d. Cable rating and closures

Span length and sag

What does the acronym ADSS stand for? a. Aerial density stainless steel b. Amperage download secured static c. All diode stainless steel d. All dielectric self supporting

All dielectric self supporting

What is the most common method of installing aerial cables for telephone and CATV organizations? a. Self-supporting cable b. Lashed to a messenger c. Aerial conduit d. Air blown fiber

Lashed to a messenger

What is recommended to have for future changes and restorations? a. Service contract b. Direct buried cable c. Slack d. Extra splice closures

Slack

What do the sequential markings help the cable installer to determine? a. Index of refraction b. Length of the cable c. What kind of fiber is in the cable d. How many fibers are in the cable

Length of the cable

What is the only instrument that needs annual calibration? a. OTDR b. Light source c. Inspection scope d. Power meter

Power meter

What are the two common wavelengths used when testing multimode? a. 850 and 1550nm b. 1310 and 1550nm c. 850 and 1300nm d. 1490 and 1650nm

850 and 1300nm

What are the two common wavelengths used when measuring single-mode? a. 850 and 1550nm b. 1310 and 1550nm c. 850 and 1300nm d. 1490 and 1650nm

1310 and 1550nm

What type of test equipment is used to test for total distance and provide attenuation values for fiber lost per kilometer, splice, connector, and total span loss? a. Light source b. OTDR c. Power meter d. Inspection scope

OTDR

What type of test uses total fiber distance and decibels per kilometer (dB/km)? a. Fault location b. Optical return loss c. Acceptance test d. Provisioning

Acceptance test

What function does a fiber identifier serve? a. Identifies toned fibers b. Verifies dark fibers c. Verifies live fibers d. All of the above

All of the above

Which piece of test equipment uses red (630-670nm) laser light? a. Power meter b. VFL c. OTDR d. Fiber identifier

VFL

Are fiber identifiers effective with multimode fiber? a. Yes b. No

What instrument is used to visually inspect fiber optic connector endfaces? a. Inspection scope b. OTDR c. Fiber identifier d. Power meter

Inspection scope

Which is the safest way to inspect a connector endface? a. Eye loupe b. Naked eye c. Video inspection scope d. Direct view inspection scope

Video inspection scope

What is the only thing a continuity tester tests for in the optical fibers? a. Reflection b. Loss c. Breaks or discontinuity d. ORL

Breaks or discontinuity

What Tier test level requires optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) testing? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

What Tier test level requires optical loss testing and polarity verification? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Optical loss test sets are the only test equipment that truly measure end-to-end loss a. True b. False

True

What are the different launch conditions and methods used to perform multimode attenuation tests? a. Overfilled launch (OFL) b. Restricted mode launch (RM l) c. Encircled flux (EF) d. All of the above

All of the above

What product is used to achieve an encircled flux multimode launch condition? a. Encircled sphere mass b. Flexible potentiometer c. Pulse suppressor d. Mode conditioning patch cord (ModCon)

Mode conditioning patch cord (ModCon)

What type of light sources are used to test LANs for OM1 and OM2 fibers? a. DFB b. VCSEL c. LED d. Fabry-Perot

LED

What type of light sources are used to test LANs for OM3 and OM4 fibers? a. LED with mandrel b. VCSEL with ModCon c. DFB with mandrel d. Either A or B

Either A or B

What is an OTDR deadzone? a. An area found only after reflective events b. An area found only at the beginning of a span c. An area where events cannot be seen after every event d. A ghost

An area where events cannot be seen after every event

What product is used to provide a restricted mode launch when testing multimode fibers? a. Pulse suppressor b. Impedance matcher c. Mandrel d. Terminator

Mandrel

A 30mm (1.2") loop should be placed on the Tx side of a measurement quality lead when testing single-mode. a. True b. False

True

What should be done to all connectors before testing? a. Cleaning (Inspect and clean, if necessary) b. Polishing c. Cleaving d. Conditioning

Cleaning (Inspect and clean, if necessary)

"Not to exceed" charts help to quickly determine if the total loss of the span meets the required end-to-end loss specifications and individual component values. a. True b. False

True

What is the difference between optical return loss (ORL) and reflectance? a. Fresnel reflection is total span reflectance b. ORL is total span reflectance c. Fresnel reflection is reflectance of one component d. B and C

B and C

What type of test equipment can measure both ORL and reflectance? a. OTDR b. Power meter c. VFL d. Inspection scope

OTDR

The five common settings on an OTDR that should be set up properly are range, average time, pulse width, index of refraction, and proper maker placement. a. True b. False

False

How can attenuation and reflection measurements be made with an OTDR? a. Realtime mode b. Measuring in metric settings c. Averaging mode d. Using an attenuator

Averaging mode

How will a mechanical splice or connector show up on the OTDR display? a. Gain b. Non-reflective c. Reflective d. Roll-off

Reflective

What type of OTDR measurement requires the correct fiber index of refraction value? a. Reflection b. Distance to event c. Loss d. ORL

Distance to event

The OTDR measures cable length. a. True b. False

False

What are the three main keys to a fast and efficient restoration plan? a. Identify, locate and resolve b. Call emergency number, wait and pray c. Blame someone else, hide and get promoted d. Procrastinate, have lunch and work overtime

Identify, locate and resolve

What is the objective of a restoration plan versus a maintenance posture? a. Cost vs speed b. Labor vs downtime c. Proactive vs reactive d. Aerial vs buried

Proactive vs reactive

What are "as-built" drawings? a. Building plans b. Active component white papers c. Final installed fiber plant map d. Preliminary engineering documents

Final installed fiber plant map

What are the two primary tasks and equipment used for a restoration posture? a. VFL and OTDR b. Inspection scope and cleaning, if necessary c. Power meter and OTDR d. VFL and OTDR

Inspection scope and cleaning, if necessary

Consumables such as pre-built splice kits, proper cleaning materials, splice sleeves, connectors, drop cables, and cable gels should be kept on hand for a restoration. a. True b. False

True

The OTDR shows the actual break and damage location of a cable cut. a. True b. False

False

What is the impact of a non retrievable versus a retrievable slack scenario? a. Downtime costs b. Labor costs c. Number of restoration splices needed d. All of the above

All of the above

For OSP restorations, what types of equipment would be required? a. Vaults b. Closures c. Spare cable d. All of the above

All of the above

Upon completion of the restoration, what is the purpose of a post-project meeting? a. Document and retest plant b. Update as-builts c. Conduct meetings to review all aspects of the restoration d. All of the above

All of the above

Active devices are electro-optical components that manipulate electrons and photons to perform the intended function. a. True b. False

True

What does the acronym LASER mean? a. Light aperture standing exit reverse b. Left angle stopped by empty reverberation c. Light amplification by stimulated emissions of radiation d. Light angulation by stratospheric emissions of retraction

Light amplification by stimulated emissions of radiation

A low-cost single-mode light source is a ____ laser. a. Light-emitting diode b. Vertical cavity surface-emitting diode c. Fabry-Perot d. Distributed feedback

Fabry-Perot

Since LEDs can couple more light into fibers with larger cores, what are they well suited for? a. Multimode b. Single-mode c. High speed d. Long distance

Multimode

What is the modulation/data limit of an LED? a. 100MHz b. 500MHz c. 622MHz d. 1244MHz

622MHz

Which type of laser virtually has obsoleted the use of LEDs in fiber optic systems? a. Fabry-Perot b. Distributed feedback c. Vertical cavity surface-emitting laser d. Helium neon

Vertical cavity surface-emitting laser

Which term describes the types of fibers used with VCSELs? a. Legacy (OM1 or OM2) b. Laser-optimized (OM3 or OM4) c. Single-mode (OS 1) d. Reduced water peak single-mode (052)

Laser-optimized (OM3 or OM4)

What characteristic of a light source would cause optical dispersion? a. Power b. Noise c. Spectral width d. Backscatter

Spectral width

What is not required by a passive fiber optic component? a. Cleaning b. Testing c. Power d. Inspection

Power

Per ITU-T G.984, what is the maximum distance for a PON? a. 10km b. 20km c. 50km d. No limits

20km

What function do optical splitters perform? a. Multiplexing light b. Allowing one or more input signals to be split into two or more fibers c. Demultiplexing light d. Not used in fiber optic systems

Allowing one or more input signals to be split into two or more fibers

Which class of WDM utilizes 20nm spacing? a. WDM b. WWDM c. CWDM d. DWDM

CWDM

Which class of WDM devices has channel wavelength spacings of 50, 100, or 200GHz? a. Wavelength division multiplexing b. Short wavelength division multiplexing c. Coarse wavelength division multiplexing d. Dense wavelength division multiplexing

Dense wavelength division multiplexing

What device is used if there is too much power at the receiver (saturation)? a. Terminator b. Attenuator c. Patch cable d. Splitter

Attenuator

The designer must always review the minimum and maximum light levels of: a. Splices b. Connectors c. Transmit and receive power levels d. Splitters and span length

Transmit and receive power levels

What information about an optical system is derived from the difference between the optical output at the transmitter and the photodetector's minimum sensitivity? a. Loss budget b. Power budget c. Number of connectors d. Type of fiber

Loss budget

Why do you need a safety margin factor in your loss budget? a. To comply with OSHA regulations b. To anticipate future losses c. To calculate amount of attenuation needed d. All of the above

To anticipate future losses

What does the safety margin include and account for? a. Degradation of output over time b. Environmental changes c. Repair splices d. All of the above

All of the above

If the Tx has an output of -5dBm and the Rx has a receiver sensitivity of -30dBm, what is the physical allowable loss? a. 35dB b. 25dBm c. 25dB d. -35dBm

25dB

What can a designer change to take advantage of the fiber's different loss, bandwidth, and dispersion characteristics? a. Wavelength b. Core size c. Color code d. Cable type

Wavelength

What are the three main factors that a designer must consider when designing a fiber optic network? a. Connectors, splices, and patch panels b. Fiber type, cable type, and electronics c. Span length, signal type, and protocol d. Transmitter, receiver, and splitters

Span length, signal type, and protocol

Does attenuation increase or decrease when shifting to a longer wavelength? a. Increase b. Decrease

Decrease

A loss budget is used to calculate the attenuation to verify enough power is available for operation. a. True b. False

True

Manufacturers can provide different options for loss budgets by varying the type of light source and: a. Fiber b. Cable c. Photodiode/receiver d. Connectors

Photodiode/receiver

What does a 'not to exceed' loss budget calculation include? a. Connectors b. Splices c. Fiber and passive d. All of the above

All of the above

What can a 'not to exceed' loss budget be used for? a. Verify enough power will be available for proper operation b. Ensure enough money is available for plant build c. Both A and B d. None of the above

Verify enough power will be available for proper operation

Infrared lasers ____ because they are not visible to the unaided eye. a. Are not used b. Are only used in military equipment c. Can be dangerous d. Are safe

Can be dangerous

At low power levels, are shorter wavelengths or longer wavelengths more dangerous? a. Shorter b. Longer

Shorter

Lasers are rated through safety levels known as classes. Which of these classes is considered retina safe due to its low power levels? a. Class 1 b. Class 2 c. Class 3 d. Class 4

Class 1

Is there potential for eye damage when viewing a Class 1M source with a fiber inspection scope? a. Yes b. No

Yes

What defines a Class 2 laser? a. Double the intensity of Class 1 b. Can cut through steel c. Visible to the naked eye and below 1mW d. Are in the infrared and about 1mW

Visible to the naked eye and below 1mW

What must always be verified before inspecting a connector with a direct magnification inspection scope? a. Verify scope has appropriate wavelength filter b. Power is turned off c. Cable is unplugged d. All of the above

All of the above

Are there laser safety glasses available that offer protection against Class 3 or Class 4 lasers? a. Yes b. No

Yes

Why is working with fiber optics on a dark work surface important? a. Provides a buffer to absorb infrared light b. Provides contrast to identify clear fiber easier c. Hides stains from eating in fiber work areas d. Not necessary in a fiber work area

Provides contrast to indentify clear fiber easier

What is the best way to safely contain fiber shards, scraps, or debris? a. The floor b. Fiber scrap can c. A trash can with a liner d. Empty cup or glass

Fiber scrap can

What safety forms must be available when chemicals are used in the workplace? a. NEC b. PFM c. SDS d. NESC

SDS

What government agency writes and enforces safety rules for the workplace? a. OSHA b. FAA c. FCC d. NEC

OSHA

Reflection is measured in what unit? a. NA b. nm c. dBm d. dB