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Dan2024 Study > FIBER EVERYTHING (ER 12-19-19) > Flashcards

FIBER EVERYTHING (ER 12-19-19) Flashcards

1
Q

This tool that is used to clean the fiber is called?

A

One Click

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2
Q

The shorter the wavelength, the ___ the frequency

A

higher

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3
Q

A 64-way optical splitter has approximately how much loss?

A

22 to 24 dB

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4
Q

A semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current

A

Photodiode

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5
Q

Dedicated fibers leave a centralized splitter and feed individual customer premises

A

centralized split architecture

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6
Q

Zero dBW is another way of saying

A

1 mW

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7
Q

Dispersion caused by different wavelengths traveling at different velocities causing signal to arrive at different times

A

Chromatic disperison

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8
Q

All devices use what kind of fiber connector for the optical interface?

A

SC/APC

standard connector/angled physical contact

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9
Q

tiny kinks or nicks in the fiber that may be created in manufacturing or be the result of mishandling.

A

Microbend

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10
Q

Visible light spectrum (in nm.)

A

750 nm to 380 nm

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11
Q

The only type of fiber connector that should be in media panel

A

UPC

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12
Q

Per wavelength what is maximum number of home passed in a fiber deep system?

A

128

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13
Q

Commercial device that supports Comcast EPON

A

CFG-3

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14
Q

this can be used to test for the presence of light between 850nm to 1550nm

A

A photosensitve card, or infrared detection card

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15
Q

used to ensure that all fiber connections are clean of debris and are undamaged.

A

Fiber Scope

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16
Q

This is placed over the fiber prior to splicing

A

Heat-Shrink Sleeve

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17
Q

acceptable wireless level for Xi5 and Xi6 boxes.

A

-65 RSSI or better

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18
Q

TIR

A

total internal reflection

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19
Q

RFoG Upstream wavelength

A

1610 nm or 1310 nm overlaid with EPON

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20
Q

The bending radius of 3mm fiber optic cable is

A

1.25 inches

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21
Q

RFoG

A

Radio Frequency Over Glass

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22
Q

Color Coding of Fiber Optic Cables

A 
Blue
Orange
Green
Brown
Slate
White
Red
Black
Yellow
Violet
Rose
Aqua
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23
Q

To ensure an accurate reading when using a fiber scope, use the correct tip and___

A

change to the appropriate tip setting in the probe menu

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24
Q

The 3 boxes that are compatible with the XF3

A

Xi5, Xi6, and XiD

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25
Q

EIA/TIA

A

Electronic Industries Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association

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26
Q

light propagates inside the core of the fiber by means of

A

total internal reflection

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27
Q

Four types of dispersion

A

modal, chromatic, waveguide, polarization-mode

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28
Q

OSS

A

Operations support system

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29
Q

An optical technology allowing multiple optical signals onto a single fiber by using different wavelengths of laser light.

A

Wavelength division multiplexing

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30
Q

this should be used to make sure that the optical connector is clean,

A

fiber video scope

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31
Q

R-ONU

A

RFoG Optical Network Unit

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32
Q

In this architecture, multiple splitters are distributed at various locations in the outside plant (OSP)

A

distributed split architecture

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33
Q

What is the minimum voltage needed in order for the node to work?

A

50 vAC

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34
Q

AIM

A

analog intensity modulation

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35
Q

DPoG

A

DOCSIS provisioning over Gigabit

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36
Q

traditional HFC upstream range

A

5 MHz to 42 MHz

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37
Q

IoR

A

index of refraction

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38
Q

This LASER has a lower power output and higher dispersion than a DFB LASER

A

Fabry-Perot

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39
Q

Power supply used for XF3

A

12 Volt Power Supply

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40
Q

this type of fiber has multiple fibers arranged in a flat row.

A

Ribbon Fiber

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41
Q

If you have a 4-way optical splitter, what is the maximum distance to the node that is possible without the use of an EDFA?

A

14 km

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42
Q

What will be the lowest amount of power that a fiber deep node will be designed to operate at?

A

-6 dBm

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43
Q

VFL

A

Visual Fault Locator

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44
Q

Two types of extrinsic loss

A

macrobends and microbends

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45
Q

Residential device that supports Comcast EPON

A

XF3

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46
Q

a 128-way optical splitter has approximately how much loss?

A

26 to 28 dB

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47
Q

Dispersion due to a larger core allowing light to break up into many different modes or paths

A

Modal Dispersion

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48
Q

EPON

A

Ethernet Passive Optical Network

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49
Q

GPON uses what type of frames?

A

GEM frames

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50
Q

Number one form of dispersion in multimode fiber

A

Modal dispersion

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51
Q

Fiber Deep Upstream and Downstream Wavelength

A

1550 nm

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52
Q

RFoG uses what band for upstream communication

A

1610 nm

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53
Q

2 popular types of wave division multiplexing

A

Course and Dense

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54
Q

This occurs when two upstream optical transmitters send light upstream at the same time and both transmitters are on exactly the same optical wavelength causing the transmissions to be lost due to distortion of the optical signal.

A

Optical beat interference

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55
Q

When working with fiber, especially when cutting or splicing, one should work above a slightly adhesive, dark surface called a

A

tacky mat

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56
Q

This type of modulation directly encodes digital 1s and 0s as pulses of light.

A

Baseband Digital Modulation

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57
Q

a network architecture that uses fiber optics and no active devices to service cable subscribers.

A

Passive Optical Network

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58
Q

OTDR

A

optical time domain reflectometer

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59
Q

What is the purpose of a WDM filter in optical power meter or OTDR?

A

To allow measurements of specific wavelengths when multiple wavelengths are active in the fiber simultaneously

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60
Q

uses a high-temperature arc to fuse the fiber ends together for a stronger and more permanent splice than a mechanical splicer can provide

A

fusion splicer

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61
Q

Absorption is what type of loss in fiber

A

intrinsic loss

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62
Q

This device acts as an interface between the optical distribution network and the subscriber coaxial wiring.

A

R-ONU

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63
Q

GPON

A

Gigabit Passive Optical Network

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64
Q

What types of fibers are generally used where the distances are relatively short?

A

Multimode fibers

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65
Q

What color is the fiber connector used in FTTP installations?

A

Green

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66
Q

ODN

A

Optical distribution network

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67
Q

DWDM

A

Dense wavelength divison multiplexing

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68
Q

This type of modulation is accomplished by varying the intensity of the light in direct proportion to the analog electrical signal that is applied to the optical tansmitter

A

Analog Intensity Modulation

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69
Q

What is the angle on an APC connector?

A

8 degree angle to normal

70
Q

This causes high loss by allowing light to escape from the core into the cladding of the fiber

A

Macrobend

71
Q

reflections that occur at places where the light travels from one medium to another

A

Fresnel reflections

72
Q

DPoE

A

DOCSIS provisioning over Ethernet

73
Q

Three Basic Components of Optical Fiber

A

protective coating, cladding, core

74
Q

Dispersion from light broken into vertically polarized and horizontally polarized components that travel through fiber at different velocities.

A

polarization-mode dispersion

75
Q

How many fibers are typically in a bundle or tube?

A

12

76
Q

EPON light signal needs to be between ____ and ____

A

-28.5 and -8 dBm

77
Q

EDFAs can boost optical signal as much as

A

26 dBm

78
Q

a power link between two segments of a network. Those two segments only share the AC power, not the RF signal.

A

Power Bussing

79
Q

joins the fiber ends inside a plastic tube that mechanically holds the fibers in place

A

mechanical splice

80
Q

These are protocols that allow back office devices to provision and operate GPON or EPON as if it were a DOCSIS network.

A

DPoE and DPoG

81
Q

WDM

A

Wavelength division multiplexing

82
Q

RFoG uses what band for downstream communication?

A

1550 nm

83
Q

EPON Downstream wavelength

A

1490 nm

84
Q

ports for connecting fibers that can be found in a Fiber House Box

A

bulkheads

85
Q

The XF3 will deliver Xfinity services via 3 different methods. what are they?

A

Wifi, Ethernet, and MoCa

86
Q

3 Elements of Epon

A

Fiber Delivery
XF3 Modem Delivery
All IP Video Delivery

87
Q

EPON Upstream wavelength

A

1310 nm

88
Q

Lights on the front of XF3

A

Power, PON, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, Phone 1, Phone 2, Moca

89
Q

EPON and GPON interface with what in the headend?

A

Optical Network Terminal

90
Q

The least serious absorption in glass occurs near these wavelengths

A

1310nm and 1550nm

91
Q

YEDFA

A

Ytterbium Erbium Doped fiber amplifier

92
Q

What type of modulation does RFoG use?

A

analog intensity modulation

93
Q

UPC connectors are what color?

A

Blue

94
Q

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

95
Q

designed to transport the same radio frequency (RF) signals, such as QAM and analog video, that are carried by conventional HFC networks.

A

RFoG

96
Q

This is made of materials that change colors when exposed to light at the wavelengths used for fiber optic communication

A

photosensitve card

97
Q

RFoG Downstream wavelength

A

1550 nm

98
Q

equation to determine wavelength

A

wavelength =speed of light in a vacuum divided by frequency

99
Q

This approach is similar to the tapped feeder used in conventional HFC networks. In this architecture, a single fiber is used to feed the network. Placed along this single fiber are multiple optical taps.

A

distributed tap architecture

100
Q

Fiber Deep Upstream Wavelength

A

1310 nm

101
Q

a 32-way optical splitter has approximately how much loss?

A

18 to 20 dB

102
Q

OBI

A

Optical beat interference

103
Q

If you have a 2-way optical splitter, what is the maximum distance to the node that is possible without the use of an EDFA?

A

25 km

104
Q

PON

A

Passive optical network

105
Q

A waveform is typically represented by the Greek letter:

A

Lamda

106
Q

Tool Used to measure the quantity and quality of the signal carried by the fiber

A

Power Light Meter

107
Q

EPON uses what type of frames?

A

Ethernet frames

108
Q

consists of all of the optical losses between the optical source and the optical receiver

A

optical loss budget

109
Q

EDFA

A

Erbium doped fiber amplifier

110
Q

Dispersion due to small amount of light that travels in the interface between the core and the cladding. Light travels faster in the interface than it does in a core

A

waveguide dispersion

111
Q

Upstream range in Fiber Deep Architecture

A

5 MHz to 85 MHz

112
Q

Downstream range in Fiber Deep Architecture

A

108 MHz to 1.2 GHz

113
Q

How far apart are wavelengths spaced in CWDM

A

20 nm

114
Q

CWDM contains a maximum of ______ wavelengths

A

18

115
Q

DWDM involves placing wavelengths of light on a fiber spaced at

A 
200 GHz     1.6 nm
100 GHz      0.8 nm
50 GHz or   0.4 nm
25 GHz       0.2 nm
12.5 GHz     0.1 nm
116
Q

At what wavelength does DWDM operate?

A

1550 nm

117
Q

What technology is used as part of the overlay concept to segment the network area into smaller groups without investing in additional fiber construction?

A

WDM

118
Q

Optical fibers used in broadband communications networks have an index of refraction around

A

1.47

119
Q

Typical Multimode fiber core diameter

A

50 to 62.5 micrometers (microns)

120
Q

This type of modulation is robust, can be sent long distances, and is easily regenerated

A

Baseband Digital Modulation

121
Q

DFB lasers are capable of producing how much optical power?

A

11 dBm

122
Q

GEM

A

GPON Encapsulation Method

123
Q

a point to multipoint network that places the data directly into Ethernet frames for transport over the ODN

A

EPON

124
Q

EPON was developed by

A

IEEE

125
Q

is a router with ethernet interfaces on 1 side and coax rf signal interfaces on the other side. Typically found in the cable companies headend

A

CMTS

126
Q

Based on the ethernet standard 802.3

A

EPON

127
Q

is generally a transmission unit or data packet

A

frame

128
Q

BNC

A

Bayonet Neill–Concelman

129
Q

this type of connector is used in high-vibration environments and has a threaded body

A

FC or ferrule connector

130
Q

this type of connector uses a BNC type connector that needs a half twist to make the attachment

A

ST or straight tip

131
Q

insertion loss of a SC connector

A

0.3 dB

132
Q

It refers to the ratio of power applied to the power reflected, expressed in dB.

A

Return loss

133
Q

this is the amount of light that is reflected back up the fiber toward the source. Also known as reflectance.

A

ORL or optical return loss

134
Q

range of loss for a mechanical splice

A

0.2 to 0.25 dB

135
Q

When RFoG and EPON/GPON are used simultaneously, which network carries the video signal?

A

RFoG

136
Q

What is the 2nd optical port on an RFoG R-ONU for?

A

optical pass through to a EPON or GPON ONU

137
Q

Each 1 dB drop in optical power results in

A

a 2dB drop in RF output power

138
Q

what is the maximum distance to the node that is possible without the use of an EDFA?

A

40 km

139
Q

If you have a 3-way optical splitter, what is the maximum distance to the node that is possible without the use of an EDFA?

A

15 km

140
Q

RFoG ONUs typically require a downstream input level in the range of

A

-6 to 0 dBm

141
Q

three basic components of a fiber link

A

transmitter, medium, receiver

142
Q

three prominent fiber optic cable designs

A

loose tube, central tube, tight buffered

143
Q

designed to relieve the cable of tensile pressures when hung or stretched. Also provides rigidity

A

strength member

144
Q

in the US the most common core size for multi mode fiber is:

A

62.5 microns

145
Q

When light bounces off something it is

A

reflected

146
Q

When light changes directions (or bends) it is

A

refracted

147
Q

The angle at which light strikes an object is called

A

angle of incidence

148
Q

Angle at which all light remains in the same medium

A

critical angle

149
Q

When light strikes the interface of a medium and is reflected back

A

Total Internal Reflection

150
Q

This comes from the density of fiber materials and the variations of the composition. Also the primary cause of light loss in the fiber

A

Rayleigh Scattering

151
Q

the loss of optical energy due to imperfections in the fiber and from the basic structure of the fiber

A

scattering

152
Q

These occur at the end of the fiber optic cable where there is an end face

A

reflections

153
Q

impurities in the fiber glass will absorb light wave energy and dissipate it as

A

heat

154
Q

Single mode fibers are usually this color

A

yellow

155
Q

four extrinsic factors of splice loss

A

surface roughness, end separation, angular misalignment, lateral displacement

156
Q

if end face has hackles, burrs, and fractures this will occur

A

surface roughness

157
Q

this loss occurs when cleaves are not perpendicular to each other

A

angular misalignment

158
Q

this loss occurs when one fiber’s axis does not coincide with the other fiber’s axis

A

lateral displacement

159
Q

this loss occurs when fibers are not correctly positioned leaving a gap between the two fiber ends

A

end seperation

160
Q

The fiber identifying scheme is based on what standard?

A

TIA-598

161
Q

This standard describes a universal method for documenting where particular cables are located, where they initiate, and in some cases where they terminate

A

TIA-606-A

162
Q

3 types of optical transmitters

A

Fabry-Perot, Distributed Feedback, YAG yttrium aluminum granet

163
Q

6 classes of laser

A

class 1, class 2/2A, class 3A, class 3B, class 4

164
Q

fiber loss is measured in what?

A

dB/km

165
Q

how far should fiber be stripped back

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches

166
Q

3 types of optical power meters

A

Silicon, Germanium, Indium Gallium Arsenide

167
Q

how many feet in a kilometer

A

3280.84

168
Q

attenuation of single mode fiber at 1310 nm

A

.35 dB/km

169
Q

attenuation of single mode fiber at 1550 nm

A

.25 dB/km

170
Q

DWDM wavelengths are this far apart

A

0.8 nm or 100 GHz

171
Q

The distance that cannot be seen by the OTDR because the initial pulse doesn’t create enough backscattered light and “hides” the first several hundred feet of cable

A

dead zone

172
Q

extra fiber connected to the OTDR to make up for the dead zone.

A

launch jumper

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